CN-122002515-A - Apparatus, method and computer program

Abstract

An apparatus, method and computer program. The present disclosure relates to an internet of things device comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the internet of things device to perform at least receiving a first physical reader-to-device channel transmission from a reader comprising first timing information, receiving a second physical reader-to-device channel transmission from the reader comprising second timing information, determining a duration between the first physical reader-to-device channel transmission and the second physical reader-to-device channel transmission based on at least one of the first timing information or the second timing information, and determining a sampling frequency offset between a sampling clock of an apparatus and a sampling clock of the reader based on the duration.

Inventors

• G. Venkatraman
• T Weierdesicheke
• Che Juanshou

Assignees

• 诺基亚技术有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260508

Application Date

20251106

Priority Date

20241107

Claims (20)

1. 1. An apparatus for communication comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least perform: Receiving a first physical reader-to-device channel transmission from the reader including first timing information; receiving a second physical reader-to-device channel transmission from the reader including second timing information; Determining a duration between the first physical reader-to-device channel transmission and the second physical reader-to-device channel transmission based on at least one of the first timing information or the second timing information, and Based on the duration, a sampling frequency offset between a sampling clock of the device and a sampling clock of the reader is determined.
2. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first timing information indicates at least one of a transmit time of the first physical reader-to-device channel transmission or a transmit time of the second physical reader-to-device channel transmission, and Wherein the second timing information indicates at least one of a transmit time of the second physical reader-to-device channel transmission or a transmit time of a third physical reader-to-device channel transmission.
3. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first timing information is included in control information of the first physical reader-to-device channel transmission, and Wherein the second timing information is included in control information of the second physical reader-to-device channel transmission.
4. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first timing information is included in or appended to at least one of a preamble, midamble, or postamble of the first physical reader-to-device channel transmission, and Wherein the second timing information is included in or appended to at least one of a preamble, midamble, or postamble of the second physical reader-to-device channel transmission.
5. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein determining the sampling frequency offset between the sampling clock of the apparatus and the sampling clock of the reader based on the duration comprises: The sampling frequency offset between the sampling clock of the device and the sampling clock of the reader is determined based on the duration and the counted number of ticks of the sampling clock of the device over the duration.
6. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein determining the sampling frequency offset between the sampling clock of the apparatus and the sampling clock of the reader based on the duration and the counted number of ticks of the sampling clock of the apparatus over the duration comprises: starting counting the number of ticks of the sampling clock of the apparatus when the first physical reader-to-device channel transmission is received, and The count of the number of ticks of the sampling clock of the apparatus is stopped when the second physical reader-to-device channel transmission is received.
7. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein determining the sampling frequency offset between the sampling clock of the apparatus and the sampling clock of the reader based on the duration and the counted number of ticks of the sampling clock of the apparatus over the duration comprises: Converting the duration to an ideal number of drops based on a specified frequency of the sampling clock of the device, and The sampling frequency offset is determined based on the ideal number of drops and the counted number of drops.
8. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein determining the sampling frequency offset based on the ideal number of ticks and the counted number of ticks comprises: Dividing the counted number of ticks by the ideal number of ticks.
9. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: the sampling clock of the device is calibrated based on the sampling frequency offset.
10. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein calibrating the sampling clock of the apparatus based on the sampling frequency offset comprises: Based on the sampling frequency offset, a clock value of the sampling clock of the device is corrected.
11. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises an internet of things device.
12. 12. The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the reader comprises a user equipment or a base station.
13. 13. An apparatus for communication comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least perform: transmitting a first physical reader-to-device channel transmission including first timing information to an Internet of things device, and And sending a second physical reader-to-device channel transmission including second timing information to the internet of things device.
14. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first timing information indicates at least one of a transmit time of the first physical reader-to-device channel transmission or a transmit time of the second physical reader-to-device channel transmission, and Wherein the second timing information indicates at least one of a transmit time of the second physical reader-to-device channel transmission or a transmit time of a third physical reader-to-device channel transmission.
15. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first timing information is included in control information of the first physical reader-to-device channel transmission, and Wherein the second timing information is included in control information of the second physical reader-to-device channel transmission.
16. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first timing information is included in or appended to at least one of a preamble, midamble, or postamble of the first physical reader-to-device channel transmission, and Wherein the second timing information is included in or appended to at least one of a preamble, midamble, or postamble of the second physical reader-to-device channel transmission.
17. 17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the internet of things device comprises an environmental internet of things device.
18. 18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the apparatus comprises a reader.
19. 19. The apparatus of any of claims 13 to 17, wherein the apparatus comprises a user equipment or a base station.
20. 20. A method for communication, comprising: Receiving a first physical reader-to-device channel transmission from the reader including first timing information; receiving a second physical reader-to-device channel transmission from the reader including second timing information; Determining a duration between the first physical reader-to-device channel transmission and the second physical reader-to-device channel transmission based on at least one of the first timing information or the second timing information, and Based on the duration, a sampling frequency offset between a sampling clock of a device and a sampling clock of the reader is determined.

Description

Apparatus, method and computer program Technical Field The present disclosure relates to apparatus, methods, and computer programs for managing internet of things devices (e.g., environmental internet of things devices) in a communication system. Background A communication system may be considered a facility that enables communication sessions between two or more entities, such as communication devices, base Stations (BSs), and/or other nodes, by providing carriers between the various entities involved in a communication path. The communication system may be a wireless communication system. Examples of wireless systems include Public Land Mobile Networks (PLMNs) operating based on radio standards such as provided by 3GPP, satellite-based communication systems, and various different wireless local networks, such as Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). A wireless system may be generally divided into cells and is therefore often referred to as a cellular system. Communication systems and related devices typically operate in accordance with a given standard or specification which sets out what the various entities associated with the system are permitted to do and how that should be achieved. Communication protocols and/or parameters which shall be used for the connection are also typically defined. Examples of standards are 4G, 5G or 6G standards. Disclosure of Invention According to one aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least perform receiving a first physical reader-to-device channel transmission from a reader comprising first timing information, receiving a second physical reader-to-device channel transmission from the reader comprising second timing information, determining a duration between the first physical reader-to-device channel transmission and the second physical reader-to-device channel transmission based on at least one of the first timing information or the second timing information, and determining a sampling frequency offset between a sampling clock of the apparatus and a sampling clock of the reader based on the duration. "Sampling frequency offset", "sampling clock error" or "drift" may be used interchangeably. The sampling clock may comprise a real time clock or a crystal oscillator. The first timing information may indicate at least one of a transmit time of a first physical reader-to-device channel transmission or a transmit time of a second physical reader-to-device channel transmission, and the second timing information may indicate at least one of a transmit time of a second physical reader-to-device channel transmission or a transmit time of a third physical reader-to-device channel transmission. The first timing information may include at least one clock counter value (e.g., a timestamp). The clock counter value may be derived from the sampling clock of the reader. The second timing information may include at least one clock counter value (e.g., a timestamp). The clock counter value may be derived from the sampling clock of the reader. The physical reader-to-device channel transmission may include at least one of a preamble, control information, payload, midamble, or postamble. The preamble may include a synchronization signal. The synchronization signal may include a delimiter (e.g., a start indication) and a clock signal. The clock signal may comprise a square wave signal. The square wave signal may be modulated (e.g., via amplitude shift keying) based on a predetermined sequence (e.g., an m-sequence or gold sequence). As a result, the clock signal may include a group of switching pulses having rising and falling edges based on a predetermined sequence. The first timing information may be included in control information transmitted by the first physical reader to device channel and the second timing information may be included in control information transmitted by the second physical reader to device channel. The first timing information may be included in or appended to at least one of a preamble, midamble, or postamble of the first physical reader-to-device channel transmission, and the second timing information may be included in or appended to at least one of a preamble, midamble, or postamble of the second physical reader-to-device channel transmission. Determining a sampling frequency offset between the sampling clock of the device and the sampling clock of the reader based on the duration may include determining a sampling frequency offset between the sampling clock of the device and the sampling clock of the reader based on the duration and a statistical drop count of the sampling clock of the device over the duration. Determining a sampling frequency offset between the sampling clock of the device and the sampling clock of the reader based on the duration and the statistical number of drops of the sampling clock