CN-122002652-A - Electric heating element with wave-transparent performance and preparation method thereof

CN122002652ACN 122002652 ACN122002652 ACN 122002652ACN-122002652-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electric heating materials, and discloses an electric heating element with wave-transmitting performance and a preparation method thereof, wherein a graphene inorganic fiber fabric is used as a conductive heating matrix, so that the electric heating element has excellent electric heating performance, and meanwhile, the transmission capacity of the electric heating element to electromagnetic waves is remarkably improved, and the dual requirements of stealth and deicing are met; the preparation method comprises the steps of introducing forward transmission coefficients obtained by a vector network analyzer, scientifically determining partition quantity and electrode structure parameters by combining a surface resistance, electrode size and power density calculation model, ensuring that the whole machine works stably under the condition of input voltage and target power, accurately designing a heating path by an equivalent parallel resistance model, improving thermal uniformity and response speed, determining electrode cross-sectional area by combining an international electronic design standard, and ensuring structural safety and thermal stability.

Inventors

ZENG YUANSONG
LIU ZHONGFAN
WANG XIAOBAI
QI YUE
LIU ENSHAN

Assignees

北京石墨烯研究院
中国航空制造技术研究院
北京工商大学
北京大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260508
Application Date: 20260409

Claims (10)

1. An electrical heating element having wave-transparent properties, comprising: the conductive heating substrate (1), wherein the conductive heating substrate (1) is a graphene inorganic fiber fabric, and the area resistance of the conductive heating substrate (1) is 2000 Ω/sq-5000 Ω/sq; A first bus bar (4) and a second bus bar (5), wherein the first bus bar (4) and the second bus bar (5) are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the conductive heating matrix (1) and are arranged at intervals with the conductive heating matrix (1); The first electrodes (2) and the second electrodes (3) are alternately arranged on the conductive heating matrix (1) at intervals, one end of each first electrode (2) extends out of the conductive heating matrix (1) to be electrically connected with the corresponding first bus bar (4), and one end of each second electrode (3) extends out of the corresponding conductive heating matrix (1) to be electrically connected with the corresponding second bus bar (5), and the first electrodes (2) and the second electrodes (3) are enclosed on the corresponding conductive heating matrix (1) to form a plurality of heating areas (11); the electromagnetic wave transmittance of the electric heating element in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz is more than 80%.
2. The electric heating element with wave-transparent properties according to claim 1, characterized in that the first electrode (2) and the second electrode (3) are arranged parallel to each other and perpendicular to opposite sides of the conductive heating matrix (1), and that several heating zones (11) are arranged in parallel circuit.
3. The electric heating element with wave-transparent properties according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrically conductive heating matrix (1) comprises an inorganic fiber fabric and a graphene layer deposited on the surface of the inorganic fiber fabric, the inorganic fiber fabric comprising a quartz fiber fabric, a glass fiber fabric, an alumina fiber fabric or a boron fiber fabric.
4. An electric heating element with wave-transparent properties according to claim 1, characterized in that the first electrode (2) and the number of second electrodes (3) are both made of silver or copper material.
5. The electric heating element with wave-transparent properties according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the width of the first electrode (2) and the number of second electrodes (3) are each in the range of 2±0.2mm.
6. A method for producing an electric heating element having wave-transparent properties, for producing an electric heating element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of: determining the material and the size of the conductive heating matrix (1) and the physical parameters of the electric heating element according to the electric heating requirement; according to the wave-transparent requirement, determining the surface resistance of the conductive heating matrix (1); According to the material and the size of the conductive heating matrix (1), the surface resistance and the physical parameters of the electric heating element, calculating the equivalent parallel resistance of the electric heating element, and determining the partition number N of the heating area (11) according to the equivalent parallel resistance calculation of the electric heating element; Determining the thickness and the width of the first electrode (2) and the second electrode (3) according to the design standard IPC-2152 of the maximum current flowing through a plurality of the first electrodes (2) and the second electrodes (3) and the current carrying capacity of the wire routing; The method comprises the steps of arranging first bus bars (4) and second bus bars (5) on two opposite sides of a conductive heating matrix (1), arranging first electrodes (2) and second electrodes (3) on the conductive heating matrix (1) according to the number of partitions of heating areas (11), enabling the first electrodes (2) to be connected with the first bus bars (4), enabling the second electrodes (3) to be connected with the second bus bars (5), and enabling the first electrodes (2) and the second electrodes (3) to be alternately arranged at intervals so that a plurality of heating areas (11) are arranged in parallel.
7. The method for producing an electric heating element having wave-transparent property according to claim 6, wherein, The conductive heating matrix (1) is made of graphene inorganic fiber fabric, and the length is Broadband is The area calculation formula of the conductive heating matrix (1) is as follows ; The physical parameters of the electric heating element comprise an input voltage V IN and a power density p, and the total power of the electric heating element is 。
8. The method for preparing an electric heating element with wave-transparent property according to claim 7, wherein the determining the surface resistance of the conductive heating substrate (1) according to the wave-transparent requirement is specifically: acquiring forward transmission coefficients according to a vector network analyzer According to the power transmittance of electromagnetic waves Is the relation of: Wherein For free space characteristic impedance, ω is the angular frequency of the electromagnetic wave, the area resistance of the conductive heating substrate (1) is determined by calculation 。
9. Method for the preparation of an electric heating element with wave-transparent properties according to claim 8, characterized in that the resistance of the single heating zone (11) is: The equivalent parallel resistance of the electric heating element is as follows: According to Calculating the number of partitions N, i.e 。
10. The method for manufacturing an electric heating element with wave-transparent property according to claim 9, wherein when the calculated number of partitions N is a non-integer, the non-integer is rounded up to be a minimum integer larger than the non-integer, i.e., the final number of partitions.

Description

Electric heating element with wave-transparent performance and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of electric heating materials, in particular to an electric heating element with wave-transmitting performance and a preparation method thereof. Background With the development of aerospace technology, the ability of an aircraft to perform tasks under high altitude, complex weather conditions has become one of the key performance indicators. In the high-altitude flight process of the aircraft, key aerodynamic parts such as wings, tail wings and engine air inlets of the aircraft are easily affected by icing, the formation of an ice layer seriously damages the aerodynamic appearance, the lift force is reduced, the resistance is increased, even the flight control failure is caused, and the flight safety of the aircraft is threatened. Therefore, improving the deicing capability of an aircraft has become one of the important means for guaranteeing all-weather flying performance. At present, the common ice preventing and removing technology mainly adopts metal resistance wires as electric heating materials to form a heating assembly, and realizes the ice preventing and removing function by electrifying and heating. However, the traditional metal resistance wire heating device has a plurality of defects that on one hand, the flexibility is poor, the temperature field is unevenly distributed, the energy consumption is high, so that the traditional metal resistance wire heating device is poor in performance in complex curved surfaces or local structure application, and on the other hand, the metal material has high reflectivity to electromagnetic waves, is unfavorable for realizing the stealth function of the aircraft, and is difficult to meet the performance requirement of the modern stealth aircraft in the aspect of low detectability. In recent years, as a novel electric heating material, graphene inorganic fiber composite material is widely focused due to the advantages of light weight, high electric heating conversion efficiency, high temperature rising rate, good temperature uniformity, excellent flexibility, strong process compatibility and the like. The material has good application prospect in the field of ice prevention and removal. However, the conventional graphene inorganic fiber heating device still lacks a systematic structural design method, effective unification of electric heating performance and electromagnetic wave transmission performance cannot be realized, and further application of the graphene inorganic fiber heating device in high-performance aircrafts is limited. Specifically, in order to meet the requirements of reflectivity or transmissivity of electromagnetic waves in different wave bands, a graphene inorganic fiber fabric with different surface resistances is generally required to be designed, however, when the conventional two parallel electrodes are adopted for connection, if the surface resistance of the graphene inorganic fiber fabric is high, in order to ensure the required heating power, the input voltage needs to be obviously improved, which is often difficult to realize under the voltage class limitation of an aircraft power supply system. Therefore, how to realize the effective driving of the graphene inorganic fiber materials with different surface resistances and the cooperative optimization of the electric heating and wave transmission performance without increasing the power supply burden becomes a key technical problem to be solved currently. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides an electric heating element with wave-transmitting performance and a preparation method thereof, which are used for solving the problems that the wave-transmitting performance of a heating element in the prior art is poor and the high-efficiency deicing performance and stealth performance cannot be simultaneously met. The invention provides an electric heating element with wave transmission performance, which comprises a conductive heating matrix, a first bus bar, a second bus bar, a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes, wherein the conductive heating matrix is made of graphene inorganic fiber fabrics, the surface resistance of the conductive heating matrix ranges from 2000 omega/sq to 5000 omega/sq, the first bus bar and the second bus bar are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the conductive heating matrix and are arranged at intervals with the conductive heating matrix, the first electrodes and the second electrodes are alternately arranged on the conductive heating matrix at intervals, one end of each first electrode extends out of the conductive heating matrix to be electrically connected with the first bus bar, one end of each second electrode extends out of the conductive heating matrix to be electrically connected with the second bus bar, the first electrodes and the second electrodes are su