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CN-122003006-A - Solar cell, preparation method thereof, photovoltaic module, power generation device and power utilization device

CN122003006ACN 122003006 ACN122003006 ACN 122003006ACN-122003006-A

Abstract

The application provides a solar cell, which comprises a perovskite light absorption layer, wherein the average grain diameter of perovskite crystal grains in the perovskite light absorption layer is 500-1500 nm, and the surface photovoltage of the perovskite light absorption layer measured by a Kelvin probe force microscopy method is more than or equal to 0mV and less than or equal to 60mV. The application also relates to a preparation method of the solar cell, and the preparation method comprises a photovoltaic module, a power generation device and a power utilization device of the solar cell. The solar cell of the present application has improved open circuit voltage and photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Inventors

  • ZHOU ZICHUN
  • YE CHUYING
  • ZHOU CHENHONG
  • ZHOU HONGMEI
  • XIANG LING
  • Request for anonymity
  • OUYANG CHUYING

Assignees

  • 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20241108

Claims (20)

  1. 1. A solar cell, characterized in that the solar cell comprises a perovskite light absorbing layer; Wherein the average grain diameter of perovskite crystal grains in the perovskite light absorption layer is 500nm to 1500nm, and the surface photovoltage of the perovskite light absorption layer measured by a Kelvin probe force microscopy method is more than or equal to 0mV and less than or equal to 60mV.
  2. 2. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the perovskite crystal grains have an average particle diameter of 500nm to 1000nm.
  3. 3. The solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface photovoltage is 10mV to 22mV.
  4. 4. A solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the perovskite light absorbing layer has a roughness of 10nm to 50nm.
  5. 5. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the perovskite light absorbing layer comprises thiocyanate ions.
  6. 6. The solar cell according to claim 5, wherein the perovskite light absorbing layer further comprises a lewis base comprising a c=o double bond and/or a lewis base comprising a c=s double bond.
  7. 7. The solar cell according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the amount of thiocyanate ions in the perovskite light-absorbing layer is 0.001mol to 0.006mol with respect to 1mol of perovskite.
  8. 8. The solar cell according to claim 6, wherein the amount of the lewis base containing a c=o double bond and/or lewis base containing a c=s double bond in the perovskite light-absorbing layer is 0.001mol to 0.01mol with respect to 1mol of perovskite.
  9. 9. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the perovskite light absorbing layer comprises at least one of a compound represented by formula (I), a compound represented by formula (II): [A][B][X] 3 (I), [A] 2 [C][D][X] 6 (II); Wherein A comprises at least one of an inorganic or organic monovalent cation, B comprises at least one of an inorganic or organic divalent cation, C comprises at least one of an inorganic or organic monovalent cation, D comprises at least one of an inorganic or organic trivalent cation, and X comprises at least one of an inorganic or organic monovalent anion.
  10. 10. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the perovskite light absorbing layer comprises a compound of formula (I), [A][B][X] 3 (I), Wherein A comprises at least one of FA, MA and Cs + , B is Sn 2+ and/or Pb 2+ , X comprises at least two of Cl - 、Br - 、I - , FA represents (H 2 N＝CH-NH 2 ) + , MA represents CH 3 NH 3 + .
  11. 11. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the solar cell meets one or several of the following conditions: (1) The solar cell further comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the polarity of the first electrode is opposite to that of the second electrode; (2) The solar cell further comprises a first electrode, a hole transmission layer, the perovskite light absorption layer, an electron transmission layer and a second electrode which are sequentially stacked.
  12. 12. A method of making a solar cell comprising making a perovskite light absorbing layer, the making a perovskite light absorbing layer comprising: Preparing a perovskite precursor solution, wherein the perovskite precursor solution comprises a perovskite precursor compound, thiocyanate, and a Lewis base containing C=O bonds and/or a Lewis base containing C=S bonds, and The perovskite precursor solution is grown into perovskite grains and annealed.
  13. 13. The production method according to claim 12, wherein the amount of the thiocyanate group is 0.005mol to 0.05mol with respect to 1mol of the perovskite precursor solution.
  14. 14. The production method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the amount of the lewis base containing c=o bond and/or lewis base containing c=s bond is 0.01mol to 0.1mol with respect to 1mol of perovskite precursor compound in the perovskite precursor solution.
  15. 15. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the molar ratio of the thiocyanate to the lewis base containing c=o bonds and/or the lewis base containing c=s bonds in the perovskite precursor solution is 1 (1 to 4).
  16. 16. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the annealing temperature is 50 ℃ to 80 ℃ and/or the annealing time is 3 to 10min.
  17. 17. The method of any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein the thiocyanate-providing compound comprises one or more of ammonium thiocyanate, guanidine thiocyanate, formamidine thiocyanate, methylamine thiocyanate, cesium thiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate, cuprous thiocyanate, lead thiocyanate.
  18. 18. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 17, wherein the lewis base containing a c=o bond comprises one or more amino groups and/or wherein the lewis base containing a c=s bond comprises one or more amino groups.
  19. 19. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 18, wherein the lewis base containing c=o bond comprises one or more of urea, 1-dimethylurea, 1, 3-dimethylurea, ethyl urea or (hydroxymethyl) urea, and/or the lewis base containing c=s bond comprises one or more of thiourea, N-methyl thiourea or trimethyl thiourea.
  20. 20. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that it comprises a solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 11 or obtained according to the manufacturing method of any one of claims 12 to 19.

Description

Solar cell, preparation method thereof, photovoltaic module, power generation device and power utilization device Technical Field The application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a solar battery, a preparation method thereof, a photovoltaic module, a power generation device and a power utilization device. Background In recent years, global energy shortage and environmental pollution problems are increasingly highlighted, and solar cells are receiving more and more attention as ideal renewable energy sources. Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are devices that convert light energy directly into electrical energy by the photoelectric or photochemical effect. Perovskite solar cells are solar cells that utilize perovskite materials as light absorbing materials. Compared with other solar cells, perovskite solar cells are distinguished in the field of solar cells by the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, simple process and the like. However, the perovskite solar cell of the related art has low open circuit voltage and low photoelectric conversion efficiency, which hinders its practical application and industrial development. Therefore, how to improve the open circuit voltage and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells remains a technical problem to be solved. Disclosure of Invention The present application has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a solar cell, a method for producing the same, a photovoltaic module, a power generation device, and a power utilization device. The solar cell of the present application has improved open circuit voltage and photoelectric conversion efficiency. In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a solar cell comprising a perovskite light absorbing layer, wherein the perovskite light absorbing layer has an average particle diameter of perovskite crystal grains of 500nm to 1500nm, and a surface photovoltage of the perovskite light absorbing layer measured by a Kelvin probe force microscopy method is 0mV or more and 60mV or less. The perovskite crystal grain size and the surface photovoltage are in the above ranges, improving the open circuit voltage and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. In some embodiments, the perovskite light absorbing layer crystallites have an average particle size of 500nm to 1000nm. Perovskite grain sizes in this range are beneficial for reducing grain boundaries present in the system, and thus reducing non-radiative recombination within the perovskite, and thus for increasing the open circuit voltage of devices comprising the same. In some embodiments, the surface photovoltage of the perovskite light absorbing layer is from 10mV to 22mV as measured by kelvin probe force microscopy. The perovskite light absorbing layer has higher surface potential distribution uniformity, thereby being beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a device comprising the perovskite light absorbing layer. In some embodiments, the perovskite light absorbing layer has a roughness of 10nm to 50nm. The perovskite light absorption layer provided by the invention has higher flatness, and is beneficial to improving the open circuit voltage of a device comprising the perovskite light absorption layer. In some embodiments, the perovskite light absorbing layer includes thiocyanate ions (SCN -). Therefore, thiocyanate ions exist in the perovskite phase, and play a role in passivating halogen vacancies through ionic bonding with redundant cations, so that surface defects are further reduced, and further improvement of photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell is facilitated. In some embodiments, the perovskite light absorbing layer comprises a lewis base further comprising a c=o double bond and/or a lewis base comprising a c=s double bond. Thus, the lone pair electrons in O and S and the metal ions in perovskite form coordination, such as coordination with Pb ions, further reducing defects, and facilitating the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device. In some embodiments, the amount of thiocyanate ions in the perovskite light absorbing layer is 0.001mol to 0.006mol relative to 1mol of perovskite. Therefore, the thiocyanate ions can play an effective passivation role, surface defects are reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device is improved. In some embodiments, the amount of the lewis base containing a c=o double bond and/or lewis base containing a c=s double bond in the perovskite light absorbing layer is 0.001mol to 0.01mol with respect to 1mol of perovskite. Thus, the lone pair electrons in O and S can effectively form coordination with metal ions in perovskite, such as Pb ions, so that defects are reduced, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device is further facilitated. In some embodiments, the perovskite light absorbing layer comprises