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CN-122003008-A - Perovskite solar cell and preparation method and application thereof

CN122003008ACN 122003008 ACN122003008 ACN 122003008ACN-122003008-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the perovskite solar cell comprises a first electrode layer, a first carrier transmission layer, a perovskite layer, a second carrier transmission layer and a second electrode layer which are sequentially arranged, the perovskite layer comprises a small molecule additive and a perovskite material, and the small molecule additive comprises any one or a combination of at least two of a hexyl compound, a salicylate compound, a dibenzoyl compound or a triazine compound. According to the invention, the small molecular additive is adopted to simultaneously passivate the defects in the metal ions and the hole transport layer in the perovskite layer, so that the wettability and film formation uniformity of the perovskite solar cell are improved, the ultraviolet stability is further improved, and the perovskite solar cell can meet the application requirements of more fields.

Inventors

  • Xiong Gaoyang
  • LIU ZHIYUAN
  • Xing Zeyong
  • DENG XIANZHU
  • ZHENG CE
  • SHAO JUN

Assignees

  • 极电光能有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20241105

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The perovskite solar cell is characterized by comprising a first electrode layer, a first carrier transmission layer, a perovskite layer, a second carrier transmission layer and a second electrode layer which are sequentially arranged; The perovskite layer comprises a small molecule additive and a perovskite material; the small molecule additive comprises any one or a combination of at least two of hexyl ester compounds, salicylate compounds, dibenzoyl compounds, triazine compounds and benzene sulfinate compounds.
  2. 2. The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the concentration of small molecule additives in the perovskite layer is 1/2000-1/20mol/L; Preferably, the hexyl ester compound comprises a compound with a structure shown as a formula I: Wherein R 1 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C10 linear or branched alkyl, C1-C10 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 phenyl; R 2 is selected from C1-C4 alkyl substituted or unsubstituted hexyl; preferably, said R 1 is selected from the group consisting of: Wherein is the site of attachment; Preferably, the hexyl ester compound comprises any one or a combination of at least two of 4-methoxy cinnamic acid-2-ethylhexyl ester, diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl benzoate or austenite Li Kelin.
  3. 3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the salicylate-based compound comprises a compound having a structure as shown in formula II: wherein R 3 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, C1-C10 linear or branched alkyl; r 4 is selected from C6-C30 aromatic groups; preferably, the salicylate compound comprises phenyl o-hydroxybenzoate.
  4. 4. A perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the dibenzoyl compound comprises a compound having the structure shown in formula III: Wherein R 5 is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, R 6 is independently selected from C1-C10 linear or branched alkyl, C1-C10 alkoxy; Preferably, the dibenzoyl compounds comprise 4-isopropyl-dibenzoylmethane and/or 4-tert-butyl-4' -methoxy-dibenzoylmethane.
  5. 5. The perovskite solar cell of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the triazine compound comprises a phenyl-containing triazine compound; preferably, the triazine compound comprises any one or a combination of at least two of 2- (4, 6-diphenyl-1, 3, 5-triazin-2-yl) -5- [ (hexyl) oxy ] -phenol, 2- [4, 6-bis (2, 4-xylyl) -2- (1, 3, 5-triazinyl) 5-octyloxyphenol or bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine; Preferably, the benzene sulfinate compound comprises 4-methoxy-3-methylbenzenesulfinic acid sodium salt.
  6. 6. The perovskite solar cell of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the material of the first electrode layer comprises any one or a combination of at least two of ITO, FTO, IZO, AZO; preferably, the thickness of the first electrode layer is 50-250nm; Preferably, one of the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer is an electron transport layer, and one is a hole transport layer; Preferably, the thickness of the hole transport layer is 20-100nm; Preferably, the material of the electron transport layer comprises any one of C 60 、C 70 , 2, 9-dimethyl-4, 7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline, [6,6] -phenyl-C61-butyric acid isopropyl ester, tiO 2 、SnO 2 , znO or ZnO-ZnS; preferably, the thickness of the electron transport layer is 20-80nm; Preferably, the perovskite material is ABX 3 , wherein A is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of CH 3 NH 3 + 、CH(NH 2 ) 2 + 、Cs + 、Rb + , B is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of Pb 2+ 、Sn 2+ or Ge 2+ , and X is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of Cl - 、Br - 、I - ; Preferably, the thickness of the perovskite layer is 400-600nm; Preferably, the material of the second electrode layer includes any one or a combination of at least two of Cu, au or Ag electrodes; preferably, the thickness of the second electrode layer is 30-100nm.
  7. 7. A method of manufacturing a perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of: (1) Mixing perovskite precursor solution with a small-molecule additive to obtain perovskite battery precursor ink, coating the perovskite battery precursor ink on a first carrier transmission layer, and annealing to form a perovskite layer; (2) Forming a second carrier transmission layer and a second electrode layer on the perovskite layer to obtain the perovskite solar cell; Wherein, one side of the first carrier transmission layer, which is away from the perovskite layer, is provided with a first electrode layer.
  8. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the perovskite precursor solution comprises a combination of ABX 3 perovskite material and solvent, wherein a is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of CH 3 NH 3 + 、CH(NH 2 ) 2 + or Cs + , B is selected from Pb 2+ and optionally Sn 2+ or Ge 2+ , X is selected from any one or a combination of at least two of Cl - 、Br - 、I - ; Preferably, the solvent in the perovskite precursor solution comprises any one or a combination of at least two of N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, gamma-butyrolactone, 1, 3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, dimethylacetamide, N-dimethylpropylurea, acetonitrile or 2-mercaptoethanol, and further preferably a combination of N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and acetonitrile; Preferably, the concentration of the ABX 3 perovskite material in the perovskite precursor solution is 0.5-1.8mol/L; preferably, the concentration of the small molecule additive in the perovskite battery precursor ink is 1/2000-1/20mol/L; Preferably, the coating further comprises adding an anti-solvent; Preferably, the antisolvent comprises any one or a combination of at least two of ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfide, chlorobenzene, toluene, or methyl benzoate; Preferably, the volume ratio of the antisolvent to the perovskite battery precursor ink is (1-10): 1.
  9. 9. The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein the annealing is at a temperature of 100-150 ℃; Preferably, the annealing time is 20-60min.
  10. 10. Use of a perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1-6 in a mobile device, a wearable device or photovoltaic power generation.

Description

Perovskite solar cell and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a perovskite solar cell, a preparation method and application thereof. Background With the development of industry, the demand of human beings for energy is increasing, but the use of fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, natural gas not only consumes limited non-renewable energy sources, but also causes environmental problems. The method reduces the consumption of non-renewable energy sources, reduces the carbon emission, greatly develops clean energy sources, and changes the energy source structure mainly based on fossil energy sources, thereby being an important target in realizing green development. Therefore, perovskite solar cells are an alternative energy source choice due to their excellent characteristics. Perovskite solar cells are favored by researchers because of their simple preparation process, low cost, high absorptivity, high defect tolerance, and the like. At the beginning of 2009, the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery is only 3.8%, and along with the continuous deep research, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the single-junction perovskite solar battery reaches 25.8%, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite stack reaches 28%. However, the operational stability of perovskite batteries is very poor, and in addition to humidity and temperature, uv light can have a large negative impact on the performance of perovskite batteries. This is because long-term UV radiation can have serious damage to the perovskite phase lattice structure, and studies have shown that continuous UV radiation can cause the perovskite phase lattice structure to decompose into PbI 2 and organic cations and further into Pb 2+ and I -, and that dissociation of N-H bonds in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite cells can lead to further decomposition of the device under the action of high-energy photons. In addition, the hole transport layer NiO x commonly used in trans-structured perovskite batteries, the non-polar groups of the perovskite battery raw material components cause poor wettability to NiO x, and NiO x exhibits more defects, which results in heterogeneous perovskite formation on the surface of NiO x and more defects. CN117858589a provides a method for improving wettability of a carrier transport layer and a perovskite battery, a wet coating process is adopted to coat a passivation layer of the carrier transport layer on a substrate, a modification solvent is rapidly coated on the passivation layer of the carrier transport layer in a contactless manner after heating and annealing, the modification solvent is evaporated by using waste heat, a layer of polar hydrophilic group is attached on the passivation layer of the carrier transport layer, wettability of the perovskite is improved, a problem that a perovskite solution cannot be fully infiltrated on a hydrophobic layer is effectively reduced, a compact and flat perovskite film can be obtained, a problem that more holes exist on the prepared perovskite film due to improper interface contact between the passivation layer with hydrophobicity and the perovskite is improved, and the perovskite film are better combined to improve performance of the perovskite or crystalline silicon/perovskite laminated solar cell. But it still has the problem of poor uv stability. Therefore, how to provide a perovskite solar cell having both excellent ultraviolet stability and film formation uniformity has become a problem to be solved in the art. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a perovskite solar cell, a preparation method and application thereof, and a small molecular additive is added into a perovskite layer to coordinate with metal ions which are not coordinated in the perovskite phase, and meanwhile, surface defects of a hole transport layer are passivated, so that wettability and film formation uniformity of the perovskite cell are improved, ultraviolet stability and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite cell are further improved, and requirements of more application fields are met. To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a perovskite solar cell comprising a first electrode layer, a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second carrier transport layer and a second electrode layer, which are sequentially arranged; The perovskite layer comprises a small molecule additive and a perovskite material; the small molecule additive comprises any one or a combination of at least two of hexyl ester compounds, salicylate compounds, dibenzoyl compounds, triazine compounds and benzene sulfinate compounds. According to the invention, the specific types of small molecular additives are added into the perovskite la