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CN-122003070-A - Perovskite solar cell and preparation method and application thereof

CN122003070ACN 122003070 ACN122003070 ACN 122003070ACN-122003070-A

Abstract

The invention provides a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps of sequentially preparing a first charge transmission layer and a perovskite layer on the surface of a substrate to obtain a film layer to be steamed, then vacuum-steaming a passivation layer on the surface of the perovskite layer of the film layer to be steamed, and finally sequentially preparing a second charge transmission layer and an electrode layer on the surface of the passivation layer to obtain the perovskite solar cell; the passivation layer includes a polymer compound containing a carbonyl group and a carbon-carbon double bond. According to the perovskite solar cell, the passivation layer with uniform thickness is arranged on the interface of the perovskite layer through vacuum thermal evaporation, so that the efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell are effectively improved, and the problem that the passivation effect is poor due to the fact that the thickness and uniformity of a coating film cannot be controlled through a spin coating/doctor blading method is effectively solved.

Inventors

  • LIU ZHIYUAN
  • DENG XIANZHU
  • Xiong Gaoyang
  • SHAO JUN

Assignees

  • 极电光能有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20241105

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A method of manufacturing a perovskite solar cell, the method comprising the steps of: Sequentially preparing a first charge transmission layer and a perovskite layer on the surface of a substrate to obtain a film layer to be steamed, then vacuum-steaming a passivation layer on the surface of the perovskite layer of the film layer to be steamed, and finally sequentially preparing a second charge transmission layer and an electrode layer on the surface of the passivation layer to obtain the perovskite solar cell; the passivation layer includes a polymer compound containing a carbonyl group and a carbon-carbon double bond.
  2. 2. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the method of vacuum heat-steaming the passivation layer comprises the steps of: (1) Placing the substrate containing the film layer to be steamed in a vacuum evaporation bin, and vacuumizing; (2) Placing the macromolecular compound in a vacuum heating bin, and vacuumizing; (3) Heating and evaporating the high molecular compound in a vacuum heating bin, communicating the vacuum heating bin with a vacuum evaporation bin after the vapor of the high molecular compound reaches a preset concentration range, enabling the vapor flow formed by the high molecular compound to enter the vacuum evaporation bin, and depositing a passivation layer on the surface of a film layer to be heated; Wherein, the step (1) and the step (2) are not in sequence.
  3. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the film layer to be heated in step (1) is placed on top of a vacuum evaporation bin, wherein a substrate of the film layer to be heated is close to the top of the vacuum evaporation bin, and the film layer to be heated is tangential to the vapor flow; Preferably, the macromolecular compound in the step (2) is placed on a heating table at the bottom of the vacuum heating bin.
  4. 4. A method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the temperature of the heating evaporation in step (3) is 160 ℃ to 180 ℃ for 5min to 15min.
  5. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the vacuum heating chamber and the vacuum evaporation chamber are communicated when the concentration of the high molecular compound in the vacuum heating chamber in the step (3) is 50mg/cm 3 -150mg/cm 3 ; Preferably, the concentration of the high molecular compound in the vacuum coating bin in the step (3) is 25mg/cm 3 -75mg/cm 3 ; preferably, the pressure in the vacuum coating bin is not higher than the pressure in the vacuum heating bin; Preferably, the pressure range in the vacuum coating bin or the vacuum heating bin is 10 -4 ～10 -2 Pa.
  6. 6. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the polymer compound comprises poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate; preferably, the passivation layer has a thickness of 2nm to 8nm.
  7. 7. A perovskite solar cell, wherein the perovskite solar cell is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and comprises a substrate, a first charge transport layer, a perovskite layer, a passivation layer, a second charge transport layer and an electrode layer which are sequentially stacked, and the passivation layer comprises a high polymer compound containing carbonyl and carbon-carbon double bonds.
  8. 8. The perovskite cell of claim 7, wherein the substrate comprises FTO glass; Preferably, each of the first charge transport layer and the second charge transport layer may be a hole transport layer or an electron transport layer independently, and the first charge transport layer and the second charge transport layer constitute electron-hole pairs; Preferably, the hole transport layer comprises any one or a combination of at least two of NiO x , SAM molecules, or spira-ome tad; Preferably, the electron transport layer comprises BCP and/or C60.
  9. 9. The perovskite battery of claim 7 or 8, wherein the perovskite layer comprises FA 1- x Cs x PbI 3-y-z Br y Cl z , wherein 0-x <1, 0-y <3, 0-z <3; preferably, the electrode layer comprises any one or a combination of at least two of Ag, cu, au, mo or Al electrodes.
  10. 10. A photovoltaic module comprising a perovskite solar cell as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 9.

Description

Perovskite solar cell and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and relates to a perovskite solar cell, a preparation method and application thereof. Background PSCs (perovskite solar cell) has received great attention as a promising thin film photovoltaic technology. Compared with a crystalline silicon solar cell, PSCs has the advantages of solution processability, adjustable band gap, high tolerance to defect states, high efficiency, potential low production cost and the like. In addition, PSCs is compatible with flexible substrates of light products, and can be applied to the fields of automobiles, spacecrafts, building walls and the like. However, PSCs is still less efficient than the theoretical limit of Shockley-Queisser because of the vacancies, interstitials, impurities, noncoordinating ions, and dangling bond defects of common solution-treated perovskite films. These defects can act as channels for the migration of ion and trap states that induce non-radiative recombination, resulting in photon-generated carrier annihilation and degradation of the perovskite device. The use of defect passivation strategies to reduce defects in perovskite bodies and grain boundaries, and to reduce traps at device interfaces, has therefore been considered a necessary condition for manufacturing PSCs with high efficiency and long-term stability. In the prior art, various passivation strategies have been developed to reduce defects and inhibit charge recombination. For example, various additives such as polymers, small organic molecules, ionic liquids, inorganic salts, and nanoparticles are directly added to the perovskite precursor solution and are intentionally remained in the obtained perovskite thin film to passivate the volume and surface defects of the perovskite solar cell. In addition, an interface modification method using an organic or inorganic material is also used to passivate the interface traps of the perovskite layer, adjust the energy level arrangement, and improve the perovskite morphology. These improvements reduce interfacial recombination, eliminate charge accumulation and hysteresis, and improve device stability. However, most of the interface modification methods are spin coating/blade coating methods, so that the film thickness and uniformity cannot be controlled, and the modification effect needs to be improved. Based on the above research, it is necessary to provide a preparation method of perovskite solar cell, wherein the passivation layer obtained by the preparation method has controllable and uniform thickness, and has higher efficiency and stability. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a perovskite solar cell, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein a passivation layer with uniform thickness is arranged on the interface of a perovskite layer through vacuum thermal evaporation, so that the efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell are effectively improved, and the problem that the passivation effect is poor due to the fact that the thickness and uniformity of a coating film cannot be controlled through a spin coating/doctor blading method is effectively solved. In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a perovskite solar cell, the method comprising the steps of: Sequentially preparing a first charge transmission layer and a perovskite layer on the surface of a substrate to obtain a film layer to be steamed, then vacuum-steaming a passivation layer on the surface of the perovskite layer of the film layer to be steamed, and finally sequentially preparing a second charge transmission layer and an electrode layer on the surface of the passivation layer to obtain the perovskite solar cell; the passivation layer includes a polymer compound containing a carbonyl group and a carbon-carbon double bond. According to the invention, the high molecular compound is subjected to vacuum thermal evaporation, so that the passivation layer with uniform thickness is obtained on the perovskite layer, and compared with spin coating/blade coating, the thickness and uniformity of the passivation layer can be effectively controlled, so that the efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell can be obviously improved, and the modification effect on the perovskite layer can be controlled; in addition, the polymer compound which contains carbonyl and carbon-carbon double bonds and is Lewis base is used as a passivation layer, weak interaction can be formed with Lewis acid (Pb 2+) in the perovskite layer, surface defects of the perovskite layer can be effectively passivated, the passivated perovskite layer has the characteristics of non-radiative recombination of suppressed carriers, excellent morphology of the perovskite layer, smooth surface, large crysta