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CN-122003086-A - Solar cell, photovoltaic module, power generation device and power utilization device

CN122003086ACN 122003086 ACN122003086 ACN 122003086ACN-122003086-A

Abstract

The application provides a solar cell, which comprises a hole transmission layer and a perovskite light absorption layer which are stacked, wherein the hole transmission layer comprises a first compound, the first compound comprises a Q 1 group, an L 1 group and an A 1 group, wherein Q 1 is selected from substituted diphenylamino, thienyl, phenyl, carbazolyl or triphenylamine, A 1 is selected from oxo acid groups, L 1 is used for connecting the Q 1 group and the A 1 group, the second sub-layer comprises a second compound, the second compound comprises a Q 2 group, an L 2 group and an A 2 group, Q 2 is selected from substituted diphenylamino, thienyl, phenyl, benzocarbazolyl, carbazolyl or triphenylamine, and A 2 is selected from oxo acid groups, and L 2 is used for connecting the Q 2 group and the A 2 group. The application also relates to a photovoltaic module, a power generation device and a power utilization device comprising the solar cell. The solar cell of the present application has improved open circuit voltage and photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Inventors

  • ZHOU ZICHUN
  • ZHOU CHENHONG
  • ZHANG ZHICHENG
  • WANG SHIDAN
  • ZHOU HONGMEI
  • Request for anonymity
  • OUYANG CHUYING

Assignees

  • 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20241108

Claims (17)

  1. 1. A solar cell, characterized in that the solar cell comprises a hole transport layer and a perovskite light absorption layer which are stacked, The hole transport layer comprises a second sub-layer and a first sub-layer which are sequentially stacked along a direction gradually far away from the perovskite light absorption layer, wherein the first sub-layer comprises a first compound, the first compound comprises a Q 1 group, an L 1 group and an A 1 group, wherein Q 1 is selected from substituted diphenylamino, thienyl, phenyl, carbazolyl or triphenylamine, A 1 is selected from oxo acid groups, L 1 is used for connecting the Q 1 group and the A 1 group, and when Q 1 is substituted, the substituent comprises C1-C12 alkyl, six-membered to ten-membered aryl and halogen; The second sublayer comprises a second compound comprising a Q 2 group, an L 2 group and an A 2 group, wherein Q 2 is selected from substituted diphenylamino, thienyl, phenyl, benzocarbazolyl, carbazolyl or triphenylamine groups, A 2 is selected from oxo acid groups, L 2 is used for connecting the Q 2 group and the A 2 group, and in the case of Q 2 being substituted, the substituents comprise hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino or-X-R, wherein X comprises O, S, N, P and R comprises C1-C12 alkyl.
  2. 2. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein the first compound in the first sub-layer is in an oriented distribution and the second compound in the second sub-layer is in an oriented distribution.
  3. 3. The solar cell of claim 2, wherein the sum frequency generation spectrum of the first sub-layer and the second sub-layer has 1 or more peaks in the range of 1000cm -1 ～4300cm -1 of wavenumbers.
  4. 4. A solar cell according to any of claims 1-3, characterized in that the contact angle of the first sub-layer differs from the contact angle of the second sub-layer by >10 °.
  5. 5. The solar cell of claim 4, wherein the contact angle of the first sub-layer is greater than or equal to 90 ° and the contact angle of the second sub-layer is less than 90 °.
  6. 6. The solar cell of claim 5, wherein the contact angle of the first sub-layer is 95 ° to 130 ° and the contact angle of the second sub-layer is 30 ° to 70 °.
  7. 7. The solar cell according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the HOMO level of the first sub-layer is greater than the HOMO level of the second sub-layer.
  8. 8. The solar cell of claim 7, wherein the difference of the HOMO level of the first sub-layer minus the HOMO level of the second sub-layer is between 0.005eV and 0.4 eV.
  9. 9. The solar cell according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the difference of the HOMO level of the first sub-layer minus the HOMO level of the second sub-layer is between 0.050eV and 0.20 eV.
  10. 10. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein L 1 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkylene groups and/or L 2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkylene groups.
  11. 11. The perovskite solar cell of claim 10, wherein the first compound or the second compound satisfies one or more of the following conditions: (1) The substituted or unsubstituted alkylene comprises any one of C1-C12 alkylene substituted or unsubstituted by halogen, oxo acid group, C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C5 alkoxy, six-membered to ten-membered aryl and five-membered to ten-membered heteroaryl; (2) The oxy acid group is selected from one or more of phosphonic acid group, hypophosphorous acid group, sulfonic acid group, carboxylic acid group, sulfinic acid group, boric acid group or silicic acid group.
  12. 12. The solar cell according to any one of the claims 1 to 11, wherein, The first compound comprises (4- (3, 6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl) butyl) phosphonic acid and the second compound comprises (4- (7H-dibenzocarbazol-7-yl) butyl) phosphonic acid, or The first compound comprises (4- (3, 6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl) butyl) phosphonic acid and the second compound comprises (4- (3, 6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl) butyl) phosphonic acid, or The first compound comprises (4- (3, 6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl) butyl) phosphonic acid and the second compound comprises 4- (bis (4- (methylthio) phenyl) amino) phenethyl phosphonic acid, or The first compound comprises (2- (3, 6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl) butyl) phosphonic acid and the second compound comprises (4- (7H-dibenzocarbazol-7-yl) butyl) phosphonic acid, or The first compound comprises (4- (3, 6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl) butyl) phosphonic acid and the second compound comprises (4- (3, 6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl) butyl) phosphonic acid, or The first compound comprises (2- (3, 6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl) butyl) phosphonic acid and the second compound comprises 4- (4- (bis (4- (methylthio) phenyl) amino) phenyl) butanoic acid.
  13. 13. The solar cell according to any one of the claim 1 to 12, wherein, The first sub-layer has a thickness of 1nm to 10nm, and/or The thickness of the second sub-layer is 1nm to 10nm.
  14. 14. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the solar cell meets one or several of the following conditions: (1) The solar cell further comprises a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the polarity of the first electrode is opposite to that of the second electrode; (2) The solar cell comprises a first electrode, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, an electron transport layer and a second electrode which are sequentially stacked.
  15. 15. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that it comprises the solar cell of any one of claims 1 to 14.
  16. 16. A power generation device, characterized in that it comprises the solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 14.
  17. 17. An electrical device, characterized in that it comprises a solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

Description

Solar cell, photovoltaic module, power generation device and power utilization device Technical Field The application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a solar battery, a photovoltaic module, a power generation device and a power utilization device. Background In recent years, global energy shortage and environmental pollution problems are increasingly highlighted, and solar cells are receiving more and more attention as ideal renewable energy sources. Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells, are devices that convert light energy directly into electrical energy by the photoelectric or photochemical effect. Perovskite solar cells are solar cells that utilize perovskite materials as light absorbing materials. Compared with other solar cells, perovskite solar cells are distinguished in the field of solar cells by the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, simple process and the like. However, the perovskite solar cell of the related art has low open circuit voltage and low photoelectric conversion efficiency, which hinders its practical application and industrial development. Therefore, how to improve the open circuit voltage and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells remains a technical problem to be solved. Disclosure of Invention The present application has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a solar cell, a photovoltaic module, a power generation device, and a power utilization device. The solar cell of the present application has improved open circuit voltage and photoelectric conversion efficiency. In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a solar cell. The solar cell comprises a hole transport layer and a perovskite light absorption layer which are stacked; wherein the hole transport layer comprises a second sub-layer and a first sub-layer sequentially stacked in a direction gradually away from the perovskite light absorbing layer, wherein the first sub-layer comprises a first compound comprising a Q 1 group, an L 1 group, and an A 1 group, wherein Q 1 is selected from the group consisting of substituted diphenylamino group, an, Thienyl, phenyl, Carbazolyl or triphenylamine groups, A 1 is selected from oxo acid groups, L 1 is used for connecting a Q 1 group and an A 1 group, and when Q 1 is substituted, the substituent comprises C1-C12 alkyl, a six-to ten-membered aryl group, a halogen, a second sublayer comprising a second compound comprising a Q 2 group, an L 2 group and an A 2 group, wherein Q 2 is selected from substituted diphenylamino groups, thienyl, phenyl, benzocarbazolyl, Carbazolyl or triphenylamine groups, A 2 is selected from oxo acid groups, L 2 is used for connecting the group Q 2 and the group A 2, and in the case of Q 2 being substituted, the substituents include hydroxy, Carboxyl, amino or-X-R, wherein X comprises O, S, N, P and R comprises C1-C12 alkyl. By providing a hole transport layer comprising the first and second sub-layers described above, wherein there is a difference between wettability and energy level of the first and second sub-layers, coating of the subsequent perovskite light absorbing layer and transport of holes is facilitated, thereby improving open circuit voltage and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell. In some embodiments, the first compound in the first sub-layer is in an oriented distribution and the second compound in the second sub-layer is in an oriented distribution. The hole transport layer of the present invention includes two sublayers in an oriented distribution so as to have improved conductivity and hole transport properties, thereby improving the open circuit voltage and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery. In some embodiments, the sum frequency generation spectrum of the hole transport layer has more than 1 peak over a wavenumber of 1000cm -1～4300cm-1. Thus, the hole transport layer has a high degree of orientation, thereby improving the hole transport performance of the hole transport layer. In some embodiments, the contact angle of the first sub-layer differs from the contact angle of the second sub-layer by >10 °. Therefore, compared with the first sub-layer, the second sub-layer has smaller contact angle to the perovskite precursor liquid, so that the perovskite precursor liquid has better wettability on the second sub-layer and is easier to spread on the perovskite precursor liquid, thereby being beneficial to forming a uniform and consistent perovskite light absorption layer and further being beneficial to the open circuit voltage and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery. In some embodiments, the contact angle of the first sub-layer is greater than or equal to 90 ° and the contact angle of the second sub-layer is less than 90 °. Therefore, compared with the first sub-layer, the perovskite precursor liquid is further beneficial to spreading on the second