CN-122003660-A - Compact quantum random number generator based on optical coupler shot noise balance detection

Abstract

A quantum random number generator (Quantum Random Number Generator, QRNG) system comprising an optical coupler including at least one light emitter and at least two light receptors electrically coupled to each other in a configuration that suppresses common mode noise. The system also includes a controller configured to control the at least one light emitter to randomly emit photons to the at least two light receptors, measure a shot noise signal generated by the at least two light receptors in response to receiving photons, and extract a random number from the shot noise signal.

Inventors

• J. SINGER
• J. A. Griff

Assignees

• 技术创新研究所-独资有限责任公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260508

Application Date

20240726

Priority Date

20230801

Claims (20)

1. 1. A Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) system comprising: An optical coupler comprising at least one light emitter and at least two light receptors electrically coupled to each other in a configuration to suppress common mode noise, and The controller is used for controlling the operation of the controller, the controller is configured to: controlling the at least one light emitter to randomly emit photons to the at least two light receptors; measuring shot noise signals generated by the at least two light receptors in response to received photons, and And extracting random numbers from the shot noise signals.
2. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one light emitter is a Light Emitting Diode (LED) and the at least two light receptors are photodiodes.
3. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the shot noise signal is measured from a common node where the at least two photoreceptors are electrically coupled to each other.
4. 4. The system of any of the preceding claims, further comprising: an amplifier for amplifying shot noise signals generated by the at least two light receptors, and A digitizer to digitize the amplified shot noise signal; Wherein the controller is further configured to extract a random number from the digitized shot noise signal.
5. 5. A system as defined in claim 4, wherein the controller is further configured to extract the random number from the digitized shot noise signal by: adjusting the probability distribution of the digitized shot noise signal, and The random number is extracted from the adjusted probability distribution.
6. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the controller is further configured to adjust the probability distribution and extract the random number from the adjusted probability distribution by applying a randomness extractor to the digitized shot noise signal.
7. 7. A system as defined in claim 5, wherein the controller is further configured to adjust the probability distribution by converting the probability distribution caused by the digitized shot noise signal to a uniform probability distribution for a software application.
8. 8. A system as defined in claim 4, wherein the digitized shot noise signal has a uniform probability distribution.
9. 9. The system of any of the above claims, further comprising a Quantum Random Number Utilizer (QRNU) device coupled with the QRNG, the QRNU device executing a software application that utilizes the extracted random numbers.
10. 10. A system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the controller is further configured to control the number of bits of the random number extracted from the shot noise based on a software application utilising the extracted random number.
11. 11. A Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) method comprising: controlling, by a controller, at least one light emitter to emit photons to at least two light receptors, the at least two light receptors being electrically coupled to each other in a configuration that suppresses common mode noise; Measuring, by the controller, shot noise signals generated by the at least two light receptors in response to received photons, and A random number is extracted from the shot noise signal by the controller.
12. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: Controlling a Light Emitting Diode (LED) as the at least one light emitter by the controller, and The shot noise signals from photodiodes as the at least two light receptors are measured by the controller.
13. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising: The shot noise signal from a common node to which the at least two photoreceptors are electrically coupled is measured by the controller.
14. 14. The method of any of the preceding claims, further comprising: amplifying, by an amplifier, shot noise signals generated by the at least two light receptors; Digitizing the amplified shot noise signal by a digitizer, and And extracting random numbers from the digitized shot noise signals by the controller.
15. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising: extracting, with the controller, a random number from the digitized shot noise signal by: adjusting the probability distribution of the digitized shot noise signal, and The random number is extracted from the adjusted probability distribution.
16. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: The probability distribution is adjusted by the controller and the random number is extracted from the adjusted probability distribution by applying a randomness extractor to the digitized shot noise signal.
17. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising: The probability distribution caused by the digitized shot noise signal is converted by the controller into a uniform probability distribution for the software application.
18. 18. The method of claim 14, further comprising: a digitized shot noise signal having a uniform probability distribution is output by the controller.
19. 19. The method of any of the preceding claims, further comprising: a software application that utilizes the extracted random number is executed by a quantum random number utilizing device (QRNU) device coupled to the QRNG.
20. 20. The method of any of the preceding claims, further comprising: The number of bits of the random number extracted from the shot noise signal is controlled by the controller based on a software application using the extracted random number.

Description

Compact quantum random number generator based on optical coupler shot noise balance detection Cross Reference to Related Applications The present application claims priority from U.S. provisional patent application No. 63/517,045, filed on day 1,8, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field A system and method for a compact quantum random number generator (Quantum Random Number Generator, QRNG) based on balanced detection of shot noise in an optical coupler. Background An ideal random number generator is able to generate unbiased and unpredictable numbers without any regularity. QRNG is a scheme that uses fundamental probabilistic processes in quantum mechanics to generate numbers that cannot be predicted. Existing QRNG schemes sometimes employ lasers or multi-pixel photosensors as detectors, or both. These solutions are bulky and costly, requiring special electronics and precise alignment to function properly. Disclosure of Invention In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a QRNG system including an optical coupler including at least one light emitter and at least two light receptors electrically coupled to each other in a configuration that suppresses common mode noise. In an embodiment, the system may further comprise a controller configured to control the at least one light emitter to randomly emit photons to the at least two light receptors, to measure shot noise signals generated by the at least two light receptors in response to photon reception, and to extract random numbers from the shot noise signals. In an embodiment of the present aspect, the system according to any one of the above exemplary embodiments, wherein the at least one light emitter is a light emitting Diode (LIGHT EMITTING Diode, LED), and the at least two light receptors are photodiodes. In an embodiment of the present aspect, the system according to any of the above exemplary embodiments, wherein the measurement of the shot noise signal is taken from a common node where the at least two light receptors are electrically coupled to each other. In an embodiment of the present aspect, the system disclosed in any one of the above exemplary embodiments includes an amplifier for amplifying the shot noise signals generated by the at least two light receptors, and a digitizer for performing a digitizing process on the amplified shot noise signals, wherein the controller is configurable to extract random numbers from the digitized shot noise signals. In an embodiment of the present aspect, the controller may be configured to extract the random number from the digitized shot noise signal by adjusting a probability distribution of the digitized shot noise signal and extracting the random number from the adjusted probability distribution, in accordance with the system disclosed in any of the above exemplary embodiments. In an embodiment of the present aspect, the controller may be configured to adjust the probability distribution according to the system disclosed in any of the above exemplary embodiments, and extract the random number from the adjusted probability distribution by applying a randomness extractor to the digitized shot noise signal. In an embodiment of the present aspect, the controller is configured to adjust the probability distribution caused by the digitized shot noise signal by adjusting (i.e. converting) the probability distribution to a uniform probability distribution for the software application, in accordance with the system disclosed in any of the above exemplary embodiments. In an embodiment of the present aspect, the system according to any of the above exemplary embodiments, wherein the digitized shot noise signal has a uniform probability distribution. In an embodiment of the present aspect, a system as disclosed in any of the above exemplary embodiments includes a quantum random number applicator (Quantum Random Number Utilizer, QRNU) device coupled to the QRNG. The QRNU device may execute a software application that utilizes the extracted random number. In an embodiment of the present aspect, the controller is further configured to control the number of bits of the random number extracted from shot noise based on a software application utilizing the extracted random number, in accordance with the system disclosed in any of the above exemplary embodiments. In one aspect, the invention relates to a Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) method comprising controlling at least one light emitter to emit photons to at least two light receptors electrically coupled to each other in a configuration that suppresses common mode noise by a controller, measuring a shot noise signal generated by the at least two light receptors in response to receiving photons by the controller, and extracting random numbers from the shot noise signal by the controller. In an embodiment of the present aspect, the method according to any of the above exemplary embodiments comprises controlling, by the controll