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CN-122003685-A - Apparatus for providing control signals for controlling a quantum computing system

CN122003685ACN 122003685 ACN122003685 ACN 122003685ACN-122003685-A

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus (710) for providing a control signal for controlling a quantum computing system. A quantum computing system includes at least two quantum computers with different fidelity. A question providing unit (711) provides a question description indicating a question. A sub-problem derivation unit (712) derives sub-problems from the provided problem description based on the fidelity of at least two quantum computers. A control signal generation unit (713) generates control signals for controlling the quantum computing system to cause quantum computation of the derived sub-problems on at least two quantum computers, wherein the sub-problems are distributed to the respective at least two quantum computers based on the fidelity of the at least two quantum computers.

Inventors

  • M. KUHN
  • P. Pinsky
  • S. Cankel

Assignees

  • 巴斯夫欧洲公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260508
Application Date
20240925
Priority Date
20230926

Claims (15)

  1. 1. An apparatus for providing a control signal for controlling a quantum computing system for performing quantum computing on a problem, in particular associated with a chemical product, wherein the quantum computing system comprises at least two quantum computers having different fidelity, wherein the apparatus comprises: A question providing unit for providing a question description indicating the question, A sub-problem derivation unit for deriving a sub-problem from the provided problem description based on the fidelity of the at least two quantum computers, and A control signal generation unit for generating control signals for controlling the quantum computing system such that the derived sub-problems are quantum computed on the at least two quantum computers, wherein the sub-problems are distributed to the respective at least two quantum computers based on the fidelity of the at least two quantum computers.
  2. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least two of the quantum computers are configured to be entangled, and wherein the control signals are generated for further controlling entanglement between at least two of the quantum computers of the quantum computing system during parallel quantum computing of the sub-problems to distribute and share information between the at least two quantum computers during the quantum computing, wherein entanglement of the two quantum computers is defined by at least one quantum element of each of the quantum computers being entangled.
  3. 3. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein deriving the sub-problems from the problem description based on the fidelity of the at least two quantum computers comprises identifying sub-problems requiring higher solution accuracy than another sub-problem, and wherein the control signals are generated such that the sub-problems requiring higher solution accuracy are calculated on quantum computers with higher fidelity, and wherein the other sub-problem is calculated on quantum computers with lower fidelity.
  4. 4. The apparatus of any of the preceding claims, wherein the derivation of the sub-problem is further based on a number of logical quantum elements provided by the respective at least two quantum computers.
  5. 5. The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the problem is an electronic structure problem associated with a property of a chemical product, and the sub-problems are derived such that one sub-problem is defined in active space and another sub-problem is defined in inactive space, and wherein the sub-problem defined in active space is derived such that it can be calculated on a quantum computer with higher fidelity, and the sub-problem defined in inactive space can be calculated on a quantum computer with lower fidelity, wherein the control signals are generated such that the respective sub-problems are calculated on the respective quantum computers.
  6. 6. The apparatus of any of the preceding claims, wherein the quantum computing system comprises at least one fault tolerant quantum computer and a noisy mid-quantum computer, wherein the fault tolerant quantum computer has a higher fidelity than the noisy mid-quantum computer.
  7. 7. A quantum computer system, comprising: A control unit for receiving control signals generated by the apparatus according to claim 1, and At least two quantum computers having different fidelity, wherein quantum computation of sub-problems, in particular associated with chemical products, is performed on the at least two quantum computers based on received control signals that are generated based on the different fidelity of the at least two quantum computers.
  8. 8. The system according to claim 7, wherein at least two of the quantum computers are configured for entangled quantum computing, wherein entanglement between the at least two quantum computers is controlled based on the control signals, and wherein entanglement of the two quantum computers is defined by at least one quantum element of each of the quantum computers being entangled.
  9. 9. The system of any of claims 7 and 8, wherein at least one of the at least two quantum computers is a fault tolerant quantum computer and at least one of the at least two quantum computers is a noisy medium quantum computer.
  10. 10. A problem solving apparatus for solving a problem, in particular associated with a chemical product, wherein the apparatus comprises: a receiving unit for receiving quantum computing results of sub-problems performed by at least two quantum computers of the quantum computing system according to control signals generated by the apparatus according to claim 1, and A problem solving unit configured to determine a solution of the problem based on quantum computation results of the sub-problems.
  11. 11. A system for generating a solution to a problem, particularly associated with a chemical product, wherein the system comprises: the device according to claim 1, The quantum computer system of claim 7, and The problem solving apparatus according to claim 10.
  12. 12. A computer-implemented method for providing control signals for controlling a quantum computing system for performing quantum computing on a problem, in particular associated with a chemical product, wherein the quantum computing system comprises at least two quantum computers having different fidelity, wherein the method comprises: A question description is provided indicating the question, Deriving a sub-problem from the provided problem description based on the fidelity of the at least two quantum computers, and Generating control signals for controlling the quantum computing system to cause quantum computation of the derived sub-problems on the at least two quantum computers, wherein the sub-problems are distributed to the respective at least two quantum computers based on fidelity of the at least two quantum computers.
  13. 13. A problem solving method for solving a problem, in particular associated with a chemical product, wherein the method comprises: receiving quantum computing results of sub-problems performed by at least two quantum computers of the quantum computing system according to control signals generated by the method according to claim 12, and A solution to the problem is determined based on the quantum computation results of the sub-problems.
  14. 14. A computer program product for providing control signals for controlling a quantum computing system to perform quantum computing of a problem, wherein the computer program product comprises program code means for causing an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6 to perform the method according to claim 12.
  15. 15. Use of a device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 for determining technical application characteristics of chemical products based on a solution of an electronic structure problem generated with a control signal of the device.

Description

Apparatus for providing control signals for controlling a quantum computing system Technical Field The present invention relates to an apparatus, method and computer program product for providing control signals for controlling a quantum computing system. Further, the present invention relates to a quantum computing system controllable by a control signal, a problem solving apparatus and method for solving a problem with a quantum computer, and a system for calculating a solution of a problem. Background Quantum computing is an emerging technology that utilizes quantum mechanical phenomena to perform quantum computing tasks. Quantum computers are expected to solve certain computational problems significantly faster than classical computers. However, the application of quantum computers to real world problems remains a challenging task. Disclosure of Invention It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus, a method, a system and a computer program product which allow to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of calculating problems related to chemical products (e.g. electronic structure problems) with quantum computers, i.e. to allow to reduce the calculation time and the required calculation resources with the same resulting quality. In addition, the chemical industry sells chemical products with specific technical application characteristics. At the heart of any chemical product is a chemical molecule or combination of chemical molecules, e.g., a chemical product includes one or more chemical molecules that determine the properties of the chemical product. The properties of the chemical monomers or oligomers may be determined, for example, by extrapolation to determine the properties of the chemical polymer. Chemical products having one or more chemical molecules of one or more types are highly complex real world systems containing a plurality of interacting electrons that constitute the properties of the chemical molecule and thus of the chemical product. Therefore, the complexity of capturing chemical molecules by reflecting the atom types, chemical bonds between atoms of the same and/or different types, the three-dimensional structure of the atomic arrangement, interactions between atoms in the three-dimensional arrangement, and especially the sub-atomic structure consisting of electrons and electron density is extremely important in the calculation. Such highly complex molecular structures are typically described by electronic structural problems, such as by using schrodinger equations that utilize hamiltonian. To allow solving such complex problems (e.g., such complex electronic structural problems), approximation methods may be used. However, in most systems, characteristics derived from complex correlations (e.g., electronic correlations) may not be adequately reflected by approximation methods. Thus, it is desirable to include as much of the complexity (e.g., electronic association) of the real world system as possible to obtain results that are as close as possible to the real world technical application characteristics of the chemical molecule. This is particularly important for the chemical industry which produces chemical products based on the generation of chemical molecules, their characteristics and production recipes, thereby producing corresponding real world chemical products with corresponding characteristics. However, in other industries and applications (e.g., in cryptography, logistics, etc.), solving complex problems with many variables is also a challenging task. Calculation of problems associated with chemical products (e.g., electronic structural calculations) is essential in the process for designing experimental settings, wherein the number of experiments producing real world chemical molecules with desired properties generally depends on the accuracy of the results of the calculated electronic structural problems and the accuracy of the properties determined by the results. Obtaining a highly accurate solution can be an NP-hard problem—meaning that classical computers take decades to solve. Thus, in many real world scenarios where practically relevant chemical molecules with enhanced or new properties are developed, it is not possible to generate such accurate solutions. This results in denser laboratory work, inefficiency and increased time to develop new chemical molecules. As the environmental impact of chemical development and the chemical industry must adjust the rate of their chemical backbones and chemical products, it is advantageous to improve the development of new or enhanced chemical products, particularly via more accurate solutions to electronic structural problems. Embedding quantum computing into such a development cycle may provide a solution to this complex problem. However, embedding of quantum computing is itself a challenge. Accordingly, the apparatus, systems, methods, and computer program products disclosed herein allow for more effi