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CN-122004003-A - Method for improving saline-alkali soil by synergistic effect of salt-tolerant microbial inoculum and fertilizer

CN122004003ACN 122004003 ACN122004003 ACN 122004003ACN-122004003-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving saline-alkali soil by synergism of a salt-tolerant microbial agent and a fertilizer, belonging to the technical field of microorganisms. The method comprises the steps of spraying a pH regulator after ploughing, mixing and fermenting seed solutions of alkali-resistant marine coryneform bacteria, long-chain coralloid actinomycetes and honey grass nitrogen-fixing spirobacteria in equal proportion to prepare a composite salt-resistant microbial agent, preparing a solid functional fertilizer consisting of a basic organic fertilizer, a slow-release inorganic fertilizer, a microorganism protection growth promoter and the like, broadcasting the solid fertilizer before sowing, spraying the microbial agent on a fertilizer surface after adding water, and shallow ploughing and earthing. The invention constructs dominant flora through three salt-tolerant growth-promoting bacteria with complementary functions, and realizes the synergistic effect of microecological remodeling-nutrient slow release-soil structure improvement by matching with a special solid fertilizer with the functions of microbial inoculum protection and nutrient slow release. Can obviously reduce the pH and salt content of soil, improve the cotton yield and solve the problems of difficult bacterial agent colonization and unstable effect in high-salt-alkali environment.

Inventors

  • LI SEN
  • WANG KAIHUA

Assignees

  • 轮台县史丹利化肥有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260302

Claims (9)

  1. 1. The method for improving the saline-alkali soil by the synergy of the salt-tolerant microbial inoculum and the fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) Pre-treating, namely ploughing the target saline-alkali soil to a ploughing depth of 25-35cm, spraying a pH regulator into the soil after ploughing, and regulating the pH value of the soil surface layer at 0-10cm to 7.5-8.2; (2) The preparation of the compound salt-tolerant microbial inoculum comprises the steps of mixing alkali-resistant marine coryneform bacteria (Pelagirhabdus alkalitolerans), long-chain coralloid actinomycetes (Actinocorallia longicatena) and seed liquid activated by honey grass nitrogen-fixing spirochete (Azospirillum melinis) according to a volume ratio of 1:1:1, inoculating a liquid culture medium, and performing shaking table fermentation at 28-32 ℃ and 150-180r/min for 48-72h to obtain the compound salt-tolerant microbial inoculum with the viable count of not less than 1.0X10 10 CFU/mL; (3) Preparing a solid functional fertilizer compounded by organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, wherein the solid functional fertilizer consists of basic organic fertilizer, slow-release inorganic fertilizer, microorganism protection growth promoter, soil structure improver and binder, and finally preparing a granular solid fertilizer with the water content less than or equal to 15%; (4) And the microbial inoculum and the fertilizer are applied, namely the compound salt-tolerant microbial inoculum and the solid functional fertilizer are applied in a matching way according to a proportion, so that the improvement of the saline-alkali soil and the application of the cotton planting base fertilizer are completed.
  2. 2. The method for synergistically improving the saline-alkali soil by using the salt-tolerant microbial inoculum and the fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the pH regulator is a mixed solution of humic acid and citric acid, wherein the mass concentration of the humic acid is 3-5%, the mass concentration of the citric acid is 0.8-1.2%, and the spraying amount is 200-300L/mu.
  3. 3. The method for synergistically improving the saline-alkali soil by using the salt-tolerant microbial inoculum and the fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that the liquid culture medium in the step (2) comprises 10g/L of tryptone, 5g/L, naCl g/L, mgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 1.5g/L、K 2 HPO 4 2.0.0 g/L of yeast extract, 1-2g/L of trehalose, the pH is natural, the bacterial strain of the alkali-tolerant marine coryneform bacterium is CGMCC 1.15177, the bacterial strain of the long-chain coralline is CGMCC 4.2186, and the bacterial strain of the azoospermi nectar-fixing helicobacter is CGMCC 1.5340.
  4. 4. The method for synergistically improving the saline-alkali soil by using the salt-tolerant microbial inoculum and the fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that the solid functional fertilizer in the step (3) comprises, by mass, 65-75 parts of a basic organic fertilizer, 18-25 parts of a slow-release inorganic fertilizer, 2-4 parts of a microbial protection growth promoter, 4-7 parts of a soil structure improver and 0.5-2 parts of a binder, wherein the prepared solid fertilizer has a particle size of 2-5mm, and the compressive strength of the particles is more than or equal to 5N/particle.
  5. 5. The method for synergistically improving the saline-alkali soil by using the salt-tolerant microbial inoculum and the fertilizer according to claim 4 is characterized in that the organic fertilizer is prepared by compounding decomposed sheep manure and straw carbide according to a mass ratio of 5:3, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 45%, the preparation method of the decomposed sheep manure comprises the steps of mixing fresh sheep manure with straw according to a mass ratio of 3:1, adding cellulose degradation microbial inoculum with a mass ratio of 0.5%, stacking and fermenting for 30-35 days, turning 4-5 times during the stacking, controlling the temperature to be 55-65 ℃ for more than 7 days, the water content after decomposition is less than or equal to 30%, the C/N ratio is reduced to 15-20, the death rate of ascarid eggs is more than or equal to 95%, and the preparation process of the straw carbide comprises the steps of pyrolyzing wheat or corn straw under an oxygen limiting condition at 350-450 ℃ for 4-6 hours, cooling, crushing and sieving.
  6. 6. The method for synergistically improving saline-alkali soil by using the salt-tolerant microbial inoculum and the fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the slow-release inorganic fertilizer is prepared by compounding coated urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate according to a mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium effective nutrients of 3:2:1.
  7. 7. The method for synergistically improving saline-alkali soil by using the salt-tolerant microbial agent and the fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the microbial protection growth promoter is prepared by mixing anhydrous betaine, pullulan, soybean peptone and L-potassium aspartate according to a mass ratio of 2:1.5:1.5:1.
  8. 8. The method for synergistically improving saline-alkali soil by using the salt-tolerant microbial inoculum and the fertilizer according to claim 4 is characterized in that the soil structure improver is prepared by compounding attapulgite, montmorillonite and biochar according to a mass ratio of 4:3:3, and the binder is prepared by mixing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol according to a mass ratio of 3:1.
  9. 9. The method for synergistically improving the saline-alkali soil by using the salt-tolerant microbial inoculum and the fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that the specific mode of the synergistic application in the step (4) is that the solid functional fertilizer is spread in a whole field in an amount of 150-200 kg/mu before cotton sowing, then the compound salt-tolerant microbial inoculum is diluted by 2 times by water in an amount of 20-30L/mu, uniformly sprayed on the surface of the solid functional fertilizer, shallow tillage is immediately carried out for 5-8cm, the water content of the soil surface layer is controlled to be 15-20%, and the sowing is carried out after standing for 3-5 d.

Description

Method for improving saline-alkali soil by synergistic effect of salt-tolerant microbial inoculum and fertilizer Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and particularly relates to a method for improving saline-alkali soil by synergism of a salt-tolerant microbial inoculum and a fertilizer. Background Cotton occupies a very important position in the national economy of China (Yin Lihe, zhang Jun, jiang Jun, etc. water resource problems and countermeasure suggestions in south ARUM [ J ]. Chinese geology, 2023,50 (1): 1-12.). Xinjiang is one of the main cotton production areas in China, the cotton yield accounts for 80% of the total cotton yield in China, the cotton planting area and the cotton yield are all the first nationally (Liu Xiang, zhang Fucang, xiang Youzhen, and the like), and the effect of deficiency irrigation on the growth and water utilization of the cotton in the south Xinjiang [ J ] the drainage and irrigation mechanical engineering theory report, 2020,38 (12): 1270-1276). The shortage of water resources and the aggravation of secondary salinization of soil limit the sustainable development of the Xinjiang cotton industry. Although the traditional saline-alkali soil improvement technology (such as physical and chemical measures) takes effect quickly, the problems of high cost, risk of secondary salinization and the like exist, and phytoremediation is limited by species adaptability and a phytoremediation period. In recent years, with the rapid development of the market of microbial agents, various microbial agents are used in agricultural production, which can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in soil, improve the soil environment, improve the fertilizer utilization rate and improve the yield of crops. For example, chinese patent application CN202410942148.0, which discloses a method for improving saline-alkali soil, applying halophiles BH & # x2011 to saline-alkali soil; the invention prepares the composite microbial inoculum for improving the saline-alkali soil by using the Philippine basic halobacter and the gangue for the first time, and improves the soil fertility and various enzyme activities of the saline-alkali soil and optimizes the microbial community structure and function of the saline-alkali soil by using the Philippine basic halobacter and the gangue for the first time compared with a blank control group, the gangue and the microorganism independently. However, the existing microbial agents are focused on the application of single bacteria or simple composite bacterial agents in the improvement of saline-alkali soil, and the salt tolerance, the adaptability to soil environment and the synergistic effect with fertilizer are still to be improved. Especially under the special environments of high salt and alkali and drought in south China, a single microbial inoculum is difficult to quickly colonize and continuously act in soil, and when the microbial inoculum is matched with a conventional fertilizer, the problems of inhibiting microbial inoculum activity, releasing nutrients, and not synchronizing crop demands and the like easily occur, so that the improvement effect is unstable, and the requirements of quick desalination, water and fertilizer retention and seedling early growth and quick hair growth of the soil under cotton are difficult to be met. Therefore, the development of the salt-tolerant microbial inoculum improvement method which can adapt to the extreme environment of south Xinjiang and realize synergistic effect with fertilizers has important significance for promoting the synergistic effect and sustainable development of the cotton industry of south Xinjiang. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, optimally prepare the solid-form bacterial fertilizer synergistic special functional fertilizer, realize the triple core functions of soil regulation, efficient microbial protection promotion and long-acting supply of nutrients, generate obvious synergistic effect with a compound salt-tolerant microbial inoculum, solve the problems of difficult microbial inoculum colonization, easy fertilizer loss and unstable improvement effect in the high-salt-alkali environment of south Xinjiang, and have convenient transportation, storage and application of the solid fertilizer and adaptation to field mechanized operation. In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: A method for improving saline-alkali soil by synergism of salt-tolerant microbial inoculum and fertilizer comprises the following steps: (1) Pre-treating, namely ploughing the target saline-alkali soil to a ploughing depth of 25-35cm, spraying a pH regulator into the soil after ploughing, and regulating the pH value of the soil surface layer at 0-10cm to 7.5-8.2; (2) The preparation of the compound salt-tolerant microbial inoculum comprises the steps of mixing the alkali-resistant