CN-122004004-A - Saline-alkali soil restoration method integrating intelligent regulation and ecological cooperation

CN122004004ACN 122004004 ACN122004004 ACN 122004004ACN-122004004-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil restoration method integrating intelligent regulation and ecological cooperation, which is an efficient, synergistic, intelligent and ecological-friendly comprehensive saline-alkali soil treatment method and realizes the rapid elimination of saline-alkali barriers and the long-term establishment of a soil healthy ecological system. The invention does not simply pile up the prior art, but organically couples and dynamically optimizes the precise management (surfactant, water-retaining material) of physical improvement (deep ploughing, biochar), chemical conditioning (ion replacement, coordination complexing), biological activation (microorganism, earthworm, salt-tolerant plant) moisture in time sequence and function through intelligent closed loop of 'monitoring-analysis-execution-feedback', and forms the synergistic effect of '1+1 > 2', which is the root cause for realizing the remarkable technical effect.

Inventors

XU CHENGLONG
DUAN YUFENG
ZHANG HANLIN
LV WEIGUANG
LI SHUANGXI
SONG KE
LI XIAOXIAO
ZHANG HAIYUN

Assignees

上海市农业科学院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260313

Claims (10)

1. A saline-alkali soil restoration method integrating intelligent regulation and ecological cooperation is characterized by comprising the following specific steps: S1, deep tillage is carried out on saline-alkali soil, a basic modifier consisting of biochar, humic acid organic fertilizer, silicon-calcium-magnesium mineral material and desulfurized gypsum is synchronously applied, and salt-tolerant earthworms are put in for biological tillage; s2, periodically applying a biological activation solution containing a composite microbial agent, seaweed extract and natural chelated iron fertilizer in the plant growth period; and in the irrigation management, natural plant source surface active substances are integrally applied along with water, degradable biological water-based materials are mixed into a cultivation layer, irrigation is carried out fully after application, a soil multi-parameter real-time monitoring system based on the Internet of things is introduced, pH, EC, moisture and temperature data are dynamically acquired, and the materials in the next stage are automatically matched and triggered through an algorithm model to apply and irrigate strategies.
2. The method for restoring saline-alkali soil by combining intelligent regulation and ecological cooperation according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the particle size of the biochar is 2-5 mm, the biochar is prepared by pyrolysis and carbonization under the condition of isolating oxygen at 400 ℃, and the application amount of the biochar is 200 kg per mu.
3. The method for restoring saline-alkali soil by combining intelligent regulation and ecological synergy according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the mass content of fulvic acid in the humic acid organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 15%, the total mass content of calcium, magnesium and sulfur elements is more than or equal to 10%, and the application amount is 200-300 kg/mu.
4. The method for restoring saline-alkali soil by fusion intelligent regulation and ecological synergy according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the grain size of the silico-calcium-magnesium mineral material is 100-200 meshes, and the total mass of SiO 2 , caO and MgO contained in the silico-calcium-magnesium mineral material is not less than 60% and the application amount is 100-200 kg/mu.
5. The method for restoring saline-alkali soil by combining intelligent regulation and ecological synergy according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, salt-tolerant earthworms are put in 15-30 days after the application of the basic modifier for biological cultivation.
6. The saline-alkali soil restoration method integrating intelligent regulation and ecological coordination according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the salt-tolerant earthworms are Eisenia foetida or other earthworms suitable for saline-alkali environments, the input amount is 1-2 ten thousand earthworms per mu, and the specification is adult earthworms.
7. The method for restoring saline-alkali soil by combining intelligent regulation and ecological synergy according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the periodic application is carried out once on the 15 th day, the 30 th day and the 45 th day of restoration.
8. The method for restoring saline-alkali soil by combining intelligent regulation and ecological synergy according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the compound microbial agent is formed by mixing salt-tolerant azotobacter, phosphate-dissolving bacteria and potassium-dissolving bacteria according to the viable count of 1:1:1, and the total viable count is more than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 10 8 CFU/mL.
9. The saline-alkali soil restoration method integrating intelligent regulation and ecological synergy according to claim 1, wherein specific salt-tolerant green manure plants are planted synchronously in the mid-restoration period, root secretions and the composite microbial agent in the step S2 form symbiotic strengthening effects, and organic matter accumulation and salt ion migration are accelerated.
10. The method for restoring saline-alkali soil by combining intelligent regulation and ecological cooperation according to claim 1, wherein the soil multi-parameter real-time monitoring system comprises: the sensing layer consists of a pH sensor, a conductivity sensor, a moisture sensor and a temperature sensor which are buried in the soil and are used for collecting data in real time, and the sensors are common brands on the market; The decision layer is used for generating decision instructions including irrigation time, irrigation water quantity and whether to trigger the application of a biological activating solution or a coordination regulator according to pH, EC, moisture and temperature data acquired in real time and a preset crop growth stage; and the execution layer is used for automatically regulating and controlling the start and stop of the irrigation valve and the liquid fertilizer pump through the controller according to the decision instruction, so as to realize the accurate on-demand delivery of water and improved substances.

Description

Saline-alkali soil restoration method integrating intelligent regulation and ecological cooperation Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil restoration, in particular to a saline-alkali soil restoration method integrating intelligent regulation and ecological cooperation. Background Saline-alkali soil is a main barrier soil widely distributed in the global field, and the characteristics of high salinity, high pH value, structural hardening and nutrient deficiency seriously restrict agricultural production and ecological safety. The saline-alkali soil area of China is huge, and the treatment requirements are urgent. The traditional repair technology such as flood flooding salt and soil replacement can quickly reduce salt content, but has the defects of high water consumption, high cost, easiness in secondary salinization and unsustainability. Chemical modification (e.g., gypsum application) neutralizes alkalinity by ion exchange, with significant effect but with possible chemical residues. The existing saline-alkali soil restoration technology has the following problems: 1. The repairing efficiency is low, the period is long, the traditional biological and agricultural measures take effect slowly, and the alkali reduction and desalination are difficult to realize quickly; 2. the technology has poor cooperativity, and single technology (such as water conservancy salt washing, chemical improvement or biological repair) can not synchronously realize multiple targets of rapid alkali reduction, continuous desalination, fertility improvement and stable structure according to the technology; 3. The repair process depends on manual experience, and is difficult to dynamically and accurately regulate and control according to the type, degree and environmental change of the saline-alkali soil, so that the resource waste or the unstable effect is caused; 4. the sustainability is insufficient, partial chemical modifier possibly brings residual or hardening risks, and the restored soil ecosystem is slow to recover and salt returning is easy to occur. Currently, saline-alkali soil treatment is being transformed from a single engineering or chemical measure to a comprehensive mode of 'water-saving and salt-controlling-ecological improvement-soil fertility improvement' cooperation. The hydraulic engineering measures represented by water-saving irrigation and hidden pipe salt removal provide a controllable path for salt migration, the biological and material improvement technology represented by adding humic acid, biochar and functional microbial agents can pertinently adjust the physical and chemical properties of soil and activate microbial communities to become a research hot spot for green sustainable restoration, and meanwhile, a multi-layer technology system of salt resistance, alkali reduction, fertility improvement and growth promotion is constructed by combining planting salt-tolerant plants (in a proper place) and precise agronomic management. The technology is integrated and applied, so that the long-acting improvement and the productivity improvement of the saline-alkali soil are realized in a more economic and ecological mode, and the technology has important strategic significance for guaranteeing the grain safety and ecological restoration. The traditional hydraulic engineering (such as diffuse irrigation salt and open ditch drainage) has huge water consumption and is easy to raise the ground water level to cause secondary salinization, while the advanced concealed pipe salt drainage technology has high efficiency, but has high initial investment and strict requirements on topography and drainage and outlet, the chemical improvement (gypsum, acid-base regulator and the like are applied) has quick effect, but a large amount of long-term use can lead to soil hardening, nutrient imbalance or chemical residue, and the soil organic matters cannot be lifted, the biological restoration technology (salt-tolerant plant planting, microbial inoculum application and the like) has strong ecological sustainability, but generally has the problems of slow effect, environmental condition restriction on effect, limited biological activity under high salt stress and the like, and if the technology is used alone, the short-term desalination and long-term fertilization are often difficult to be considered, and the accurate and standardized application schemes aiming at different saline-alkali types and degrees are lacked, so that the restoration cost and benefit ratio are poor. Therefore, development of a low-cost, high-performance, environment-friendly integrated technology system is the current main research direction. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a saline-alkali soil restoration method integrating intelligent regulation and ecological cooperation, which aims to solve the technical problems of non-ideal restoration effect and the like of the existing saline-alkal