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CN-122004005-A - Durian seedling propagation method for improving germination rate and stress resistance and application thereof

CN122004005ACN 122004005 ACN122004005 ACN 122004005ACN-122004005-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a durian seedling propagation method for improving germination rate and stress resistance, and belongs to the technical field of durian seedling cultivation. The method comprises the steps of wrapping seeds treated by a biostimulant by adopting peat moss with the humidity of 65+/-2% for germination acceleration, preparing a composite matrix containing 20-30% of decomposed durian shell residues, 30-40% of coconut chaff, 15-25% of perlite, 10-15% of biochar and 0.5-1% of slow release fertilizer, inoculating bacillus bailii and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, performing illumination intensity gradient elevation (6000-14000 lux) and precise control of day-night temperature difference of 4-6 ℃, and performing salicylic acid gradient spraying before nursery emergence. Experiments show that the germination rate of the method is 87.5% -89.2%, the germination rate is improved by 85.0% compared with the traditional method, the seedling raising period is shortened to 6.5-6.8 months, 54.2% is reduced, the transplanting survival rate is improved to 91.7% -93.5%, and the disease occurrence rate is reduced to 6.5% -8.3%. The invention realizes the resource utilization of durian shell waste, reduces the use of chemical pesticides, and constructs a green sustainable durian seedling raising technical system.

Inventors

  • LAI ZESEN
  • YANG JIFEN

Assignees

  • 云南省热带作物科学研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20251218

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The durian seedling propagation method for improving germination rate and stress resistance is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1, collecting durian fruits within 2-3 days after natural cracking, taking out seeds and cleaning with flowing clear water; S2, soaking the cleaned seeds in 0.1% -0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 15-30 minutes, and then flushing with sterile water; S3, soaking the sterilized seeds in a biostimulant containing 500-1000 times of diluent, 0.05% -0.1% of humic acid and 0.002% -0.004% of vitamin B complex of seaweed extract for 12-24 hours in a dark environment at 25+/-2 ℃; wherein the vitamin B complex consists of 20-25 parts of thiamine, 15-20 parts of pyridoxine, 25-30 parts of nicotinamide, 10-15 parts of pantothenic acid, 1-2 parts of folic acid and 0.5-1 part of cyanocobalamine according to the proportion; s4, wrapping the soaked seeds with peat moss with the humidity of 65+/-2%, putting the wrapped seeds into a container with a vent, and accelerating germination in a dark environment with the temperature of 28-32 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than 90%; S5, mixing 20-30% of decomposed durian shell residues, 30-40% of coconut chaff, 15-25% of perlite, 10-15% of biochar and 0.5-1% of slow release fertilizer according to the volume ratio, adjusting the water content to 60+/-2%, inoculating bacillus beijerinus and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to obtain a seedling culture matrix, and filling the seedling culture matrix into a seedling culture container; s6, sowing seeds with germination accelerating time of 5-7 days and radicle length of 1-2cm in the seedling raising container, providing 6000-8000 lux light rays at the initial stage of cotyledon unfolding, and gradually lifting to 10000-14000 lux and 10-12 hours/day within 7 days; S7, controlling the temperature of the seedling raising environment to be 28-32 ℃ in daytime and 24-26 ℃ at night, and the temperature difference between day and night is 4-6 ℃; s8, after 2-3 true leaves grow out of the seedling, spraying the biological stimulant on the leaf surface every 7-10 days; s9, spraying 0.1-0.5 mM salicylic acid before outplanting, and avoiding rain within 24 hours after spraying.
  2. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the peat moss humidity of 65+ -2% is controlled by mixing peat moss with distilled water in a dry weight/water weight=1:0.65 ratio, standing for 30 minutes, and pressing by hand to allow water to flow out without dripping.
  3. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the peat moss is checked for humidity every day during the germination process, and if the "hand pinching is not out of water" state, 1mL of distilled water is uniformly sprayed with a sprayer.
  4. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the preparation of the decomposed durian shell residues comprises the steps of chopping fresh durian shells into grains of 0.5-1cm 3 , drying at 50 ℃, crushing, sieving with a 2mm sieve, and sterilizing with high pressure steam at 121 ℃ for 30 minutes.
  5. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the bacillus belicus and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are inoculated by uniformly spraying the bacterial liquid on the surface of the substrate and stirring for 5 minutes.
  6. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the substrate is mixed and then allowed to stand at room temperature for fermentation for 7 days, during which time the substrate is turned over 2 to 3 times, and the substrate is immediately palletized for use after the completion of fermentation.
  7. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S6, the illumination intensity is increased by 1000-1500 lux per day and the illumination time is prolonged by 0.3-0.5 hours per day from the initial stage of cotyledon development to 7 days after the completion of illumination intensity increase.
  8. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S8, the spraying time of the biostimulant is 16:00-17:00 in sunny days, the spraying amount is 50mL/m 2 , and the front and back surfaces of the leaves are uniformly covered.
  9. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S9, the salicylic acid solution is prepared by dissolving salicylic acid in 0.1M NaOH, diluting with deionized water to a target concentration, and adding 0.05% Tween-20 as a spreader.
  10. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S9, the spraying of salicylic acid before the outplanting comprises spraying once each of 21 days, 14 days and 7 days before the outplanting, and building a rain shelter with 85% light transmittance for 24 hours after each spraying.

Description

Durian seedling propagation method for improving germination rate and stress resistance and application thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of durian seedling cultivation, and particularly relates to a durian seedling propagation method for improving germination rate and stress resistance and application thereof. Background Durian is used as the fruit king, and has extremely high economic value and vigorous market demand. However, the propagation technology of durian is always a key element for restricting the development of the industry. At present, the propagation modes of durian mainly include sexual propagation (seedling) and asexual propagation (grafting, cutting and the like). The seedling propagation has the advantages of developed root system, upright trunk, strong growth vigor, possibility of producing excellent single plant due to genetic variation and the like, and still plays an important role in breeding and stock cultivation. The conventional propagation method of seedlings generally comprises the steps of firstly collecting fruits from mature and healthy mother plants, taking out seeds, washing attached pulp and mucilage with clear water, secondly directly sowing the washed seeds in a sand bed or common garden soil, and then carrying out germination and seedling cultivation under natural conditions in the open air or under a simple shade. The whole process mainly depends on experience of a planter, is rough in control over environmental conditions, and lacks systematic scientific management and standardized operation flow. In recent years, although some researches are focused on aspects of seed disinfection, matrix improvement and the like, a comprehensive technical system capable of efficiently and stably solving three core problems of germination rate, growth speed and stress resistance is not formed on the whole. Although the propagation of seedlings has a certain application value in durian industry, the traditional method has a plurality of challenges to be solved, and the problems severely restrict the large-scale production and supply of high-quality durian seedlings. Durian seeds belong to recalcitrant seeds, and the germination process is influenced by various internal and external factors, so that the germination rate is generally low and unstable. Firstly, after seeds are taken out from fruits, if the seeds are not treated timely or the method is improper, water loss is easy to occur, and the vigor is rapidly reduced. Secondly, a large amount of microorganisms carried on the surface of the seeds are easy to breed in a warm and moist germination environment, and cause diseases such as seed rot, cataplexy and the like, so that the normal germination of the seeds is seriously influenced. In addition, in the conventional method, seeds are directly sown into soil, and air permeability, water retention and temperature fluctuation of the soil can become barriers to germination. For example, excessive soil moisture can cause anoxic decay of the seeds, while excessive dryness can cause dehydration of the seeds to dormancy. In terms of temperature, the durian seeds need to sprout at a stable higher temperature, and the day-night temperature difference in the open air environment can inhibit the activity of enzymes, so that the sprouting process is influenced. The factors act together, so that the germination rate of durian seeds in the traditional method is often lower than 50 percent, even lower, and great germplasm resource waste is caused. Even if the seed germinates successfully, the growth rate of the seedlings is often not satisfactory. In the traditional seedling raising mode, the growth of seedlings is completely dependent on the fertility of soil and natural environment conditions. The common garden soil has limited nutrient content, and the structure may be poor, and has the problems of hardening, poor air permeability and the like, which can limit the extension of the root system and the absorption of the nutrient. Meanwhile, the non-optimal control of environmental factors such as illumination, temperature, humidity and the like can inhibit photosynthesis and metabolism of seedlings. For example, during seedling stage, too strong direct light may cause leaf burn, while insufficient light may cause the seedling to grow excessively thin and weak. Temperature fluctuations also affect the growth rate of seedlings. Because of the lack of accurate nutrition supply and environmental regulation, durian seedlings cultivated by the traditional method often have the problems of long growth period, short plants, thin stalks and the like, and generally need one year or even longer from sowing to stock standards for grafting or transplanting, so that the seedling cultivation period is greatly prolonged, and the production cost is increased. Poor stress resistance is another major challenge faced by traditional durian seedlings. The seedlings are naturally weak