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CN-122004018-A - Suction-supporting type high-speed precise pneumatic seed sowing device

CN122004018ACN 122004018 ACN122004018 ACN 122004018ACN-122004018-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a suction-supporting type high-speed precise pneumatic seed metering device, which comprises a seed metering device shell, an air chamber shell, a seed metering air chamber, a suction-supporting type seed metering disc, a main shaft and a seed filling adjusting plate, wherein the seed metering device shell and the air chamber shell are fixedly connected through bolts, the main shaft is rotationally arranged on the air chamber shell along an axis, a feed inlet, a seed discharging opening and a seed falling opening are respectively formed in the seed metering device shell, the seed metering air chamber is formed in the inner side of the air chamber shell, the seed filling adjusting plate is detachably arranged at the feed inlet in the inner cavity of the seed metering device shell, the suction-supporting type seed metering disc is detachably arranged in the inner cavity of the air chamber shell, and the main shaft is used for driving the suction-supporting type seed metering disc to rotate in a vertical plane.

Inventors

  • LIAO YITAO
  • LIU XIAOFEI
  • LIAO QINGXI
  • YANG LIN
  • SHI BINBIN
  • LI HAIRUI

Assignees

  • 华中农业大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20251229

Claims (7)

  1. 1. The utility model provides a inhale high-speed accurate strength seed metering ware of support type, its characterized in that includes seed metering ware casing (1), air chamber casing (2), seed metering air chamber (3), inhale support type seed metering dish (16), drive shaft (4) and fills kind regulating plate (5), seed metering air chamber (3) have been seted up to air chamber casing (2) inboard, inhale support type seed metering dish (16) include annular tray (9) and sucking disc (10), sucking disc (10) install in seed metering air chamber (3) outside and with seed metering air chamber (3) seal, the cavity that encloses between sucking disc (10) and seed metering ware casing (1) is the seed filling room, the one side of sucking disc (10) facing to seed filling room is the seed sucking face, the seed sucking face of sucking disc (10) is fixed to be provided with annular tray (9), set up round seed sucking hole (11) on sucking disc (10), drive shaft (4) are used for driving to inhale support type tray (16) and rotate, seed metering air chamber (3) include positive pressure (301) and negative pressure air chamber (302) are equipped with in order in the annular tray (301) and the seed metering circle (302), the support teeth (901) are positioned at the outer sides of the seed suction holes (11) and are in one-to-one correspondence with the seed suction holes (11); The distance between the outer contour curve of the support tooth (901) and the center of the seed suction hole (11) is L, and the calculation formulas of the outer contour curve equation and the center distance L of the support tooth (901) are as follows: L=0.5D~0.6D wherein L is the distance between the outer contour curve and the center of the seed suction port, and the unit is mm; the tooth supporting curve direction of the annular tray (9) takes the position, which is 90 degrees away from the suction hole center L clockwise, of a suction hole corresponding to a sucker suction hole of a single tooth supporting, as a curve starting point, a fibonacci curve section corresponding to a fibonacci sequence from x to x 2 +x is selected by a curve, and the calculation formula of the outer contour curve of the single tooth supporting (901) is as follows: A (x) ＝x 2 +x x=f(L) f(L)=[L] A is the radius of the next circle when the outer contour curve of the single supporting tooth (901) is drawn, x is the radius when the outer contour curve of the single supporting tooth (901) is drawn, f (L) is the largest positive integer less than L, Seed metering ware casing (1) inner chamber pan feeding mouth (6) department movably is provided with fills kind regulating plate (5), can adjust according to different crops and fill kind height.
  2. 2. The suction-supported high-speed precise pneumatic seed metering device according to claim 1, wherein a driving shaft (4) is rotatably arranged on the air chamber shell (2) along an axis, the seed metering device shell (1) and the air chamber shell (2) are fixedly connected through bolts, and a feed inlet (6), a seed discharging port (7) and a seed dropping port (8) are respectively formed in the seed metering device shell (1); After seeds enter the inner cavity of the seed metering device shell (1) through the feed inlet (6), the negative pressure air chamber (302) is used for adsorbing the seeds on the sucker (10) through the seed sucking holes (11), the driving shaft (4) is used for directionally rotating the sucker (10) to enable the seed sucking holes (11) to continuously adsorb the seeds, The seed suction device is characterized in that the supporting teeth (901) are used for lifting seeds after the seeds are adsorbed by the seed suction holes (11), the sucking disc (10) is used for driving the seed suction holes (11) adsorbed with the seeds to move to the positive pressure air chamber (301) after passing through the negative pressure air chamber (302), the positive pressure air chamber (301) is used for outputting positive air pressure to blow the seeds to the seed falling opening (8), the seed falling opening (8) is used for throwing the seeds into cultivated land, the sucking disc (10) is also used for driving the empty seed suction holes (11) to adsorb the seeds again through the negative pressure air chamber (302), the amount of the seeds entering the seed filling chamber from the feed inlet (6) can be regulated by regulating the size of the seed filling regulating plate (5) arranged at the feed inlet (6), and the seed discharging opening (7) is used for taking out the residual seeds at the inner side of the seed filling chamber after sowing is finished.
  3. 3. The suction-supported high-speed precise pneumatic seed metering device according to claim 2, wherein a seed blocking plate (12) is arranged at the seed dropping port (8), the top of the seed blocking plate (12) extends to the lower part of the seed suction hole (11), and the seed blocking plate (12) is used for blocking down multiple adsorbed seeds in the seed suction hole (11).
  4. 4. The suction-supported high-speed precise pneumatic seed metering device according to claim 2, wherein a straight slot port (1001) is formed in the axis of the suction disc (10), a square end head (401) is arranged at the output end of the driving shaft (4), and the main shaft (4) is inserted into the straight slot port (1001) through the square end head (401) to fix the suction disc (10).
  5. 5. The suction-supported high-speed precise pneumatic seed metering device according to claim 2, wherein the seed metering air chamber (3) is of a horseshoe-shaped cavity structure, a sealing gasket (13) is arranged between the seed metering air chamber (3) and the sucker (10), and three stepped sinking mounting surfaces are arranged on the periphery of the seed metering air chamber (3) and are respectively used for positioning and mounting a seed metering device shell (1), a suction-supported seed metering disc (16) and the sealing gasket (13).
  6. 6. The suction-supported high-speed precise pneumatic seed metering device according to claim 2, wherein the outer contour line of the support teeth (901) is a fibonacci curve.
  7. 7. The suction-supported high-speed precise pneumatic seed metering device according to claim 2, wherein the seed suction hole (11) is a conical counter-sunk hole, and the seed suction surface is a counter-sunk surface.

Description

Suction-supporting type high-speed precise pneumatic seed sowing device Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of seeders, in particular to a suction-supporting type high-speed precise pneumatic seed sowing device. Background Crops such as rape, corn, soybean and the like have wide planting areas in China, however, the traditional planting mode has the defects of large labor input, multiple operation procedures, low production efficiency, large seed waste and the like. The planting mechanization is particularly important to improving the comprehensive benefits of crops. The seed metering device is used as a core component in crop mechanical sowing, the seed metering device in China mainly adopts mechanical seed metering and pneumatic seed metering at present, but the traditional mechanical seed metering device has the problems of seed crushing damage, slower sowing speed and the like, and compared with the traditional seed metering device, the pneumatic seed metering device has the advantages of strong adaptability and low crushing rate. The air suction type seed metering device is used as key equipment for precision seeding, the working principle is that a fan is used for generating negative pressure, and a vacuum chamber is formed at one side of the seed sowing plate. When the seed metering disc rotates, the seed sucking holes on the disc surface adsorb single seeds by means of air pressure difference in the seed filling area, and then the seeds are carried to the seed feeding area, separated under the action of negative pressure cutting off or positive pressure air flow and fall into the seed grooves. Compared with a mechanical seed sowing device, the pneumatic seed taking mode has the outstanding advantages of low seed damage rate, high operation speed, good adaptability to the shape of seeds and the like. However, conventional air-aspiration seed metering devices still face a number of technical challenges in facing increasingly high speed and high precision seeding requirements. When the rotation speed of the seed metering device is increased, the residence time of seeds in a seed filling area is obviously shortened, the effective contact between seed suction holes and the seeds is difficult to ensure by simply filling seeds by gravity, the suction leakage rate is easily increased, and the uniformity of seedlings is affected. In addition, the surfaces of seeds such as rape, corn and soybean are smooth, and the seeds are easier to fall off from the seed suction holes in advance under the action of centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation, so that the uncertainty in the seed sowing process is further increased. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a suction-support type high-speed precise pneumatic seed sowing device capable of reducing the seed suction leakage rate and improving the sowing efficiency. The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: The utility model provides a inhale and hold in palm high-speed accurate strength seed metering ware, including seed metering ware casing, air chamber casing, seed metering air chamber, inhale and hold in palm formula seed metering dish, drive shaft and seed filling regulating plate, seed metering air chamber has been seted up to the air chamber casing inboard, inhale and hold in palm formula seed metering dish and include annular tray and sucking disc, the sucking disc is installed in the seed metering air chamber outside and is sealed the seed metering air chamber, the cavity that encloses between sucking disc and the seed metering ware casing is the seed filling room, the one side of sucking disc facing the seed filling room is the seed sucking face, the seed sucking face of sucking disc is fixed and is provided with annular tray, around the axle center on the sucking disc offer a round seed sucking hole, the drive shaft is used for driving to inhale and hold in the rotation of holding in palm formula seed metering dish, seed metering air chamber includes positive pressure air chamber and negative pressure air chamber, can let seed sucking hole circulation pass through negative pressure air chamber and positive pressure air chamber when sucking disc rotates, be provided with one ring on the interior anchor ring of annular tray, the anchor tooth is located seed sucking hole outside and corresponds with seed sucking hole one by one; the distance between the tooth-supporting outer contour curve and the center of the seed suction hole is L, and the calculation formulas of the tooth-supporting outer contour curve equation and the value range of the center distance L are as follows: L=0.5D~0.6D wherein L is the distance between the outer contour curve and the center of the seed suction port, and the unit is mm; The tooth supporting curve direction of the annular tray takes the position, which is 90 degrees away from the suction hole center L clockwise, of a