CN-122004021-A - Farmland variable layering fertilizer distributor

CN122004021ACN 122004021 ACN122004021 ACN 122004021ACN-122004021-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a farmland variable layering fertilizer applicator, which relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery and comprises a frame, a fertilizer box, a variable speed proportioning device, a ditching layering fertilizer applicator, an adjustable depth wheel and a soil covering device; the invention discloses a speed changing proportioning device, which comprises a motor, a transmission rod, a transmission chain, a speed changing gear assembly, a spiral shaft, a spiral stirrer, a fertilizer mixing box and a rotating speed sensor, wherein the rotating speed sensor is used for collecting real-time rotating speed of the motor or the transmission rod, generating a reference signal and sending the reference signal to a control system, and adjusting output rotating speed of the speed changing proportioning device by switching engagement positions of the transmission chain on different gears of the speed changing gear assembly, so as to further change synchronous rotating speed of the spiral shaft, further control fertilizer discharging speed of two independent spiral stirrers in the fertilizer box, and realize accurate quantitative mixing of two fertilizers.

Inventors

ZHAI ZHIQIANG
MIAO YUCHANG
ZHANG RUOYU
JIANG JIE
JIA YUTING
YAN ZHEN
LIN HONGZHI
ZHANG LILIANG

Assignees

石河子大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260311

Claims (10)

1. A farmland variable layering fertilizer applicator is characterized by comprising a frame, a fertilizer box, a variable speed proportioning device, a ditching layering fertilizer applicator, an adjustable depth wheel and a soil covering device; The fertilizer box is supported at the top of the rack through a support frame and is used for conveying fertilizer to be proportioned to the variable speed proportioner; The speed change proportioning device comprises a motor, a transmission rod, a transmission chain, a speed change gear assembly, a spiral shaft, spiral stirrers, a fertilizer mixing box and a rotation speed sensor, wherein the fertilizer mixing box is arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer box, at least two independent fertilizer stirring and conveying bins are arranged in the fertilizer mixing box, different fertilizers in the fertilizer box are respectively connected with each fertilizer stirring and conveying bin through discharge pipes, the spiral shaft is provided with the spiral stirrers and is respectively arranged in each fertilizer stirring and conveying bin, the motor is in transmission connection with the speed change gear assembly through the transmission rod and the transmission chain, each speed change gear of the speed change gear assembly is arranged at the shaft end of each spiral shaft, the rotation speed sensor acquires real-time rotation speed of the transmission rod, generates a reference signal and sends the reference signal to a control system, and the output rotation speed of the speed change proportioning device is adjusted by switching the engagement positions of the transmission chain at different gears on the speed change gear assembly, so that the synchronous rotation speed of the spiral shafts is changed, and the fertilizer discharging speeds of the two independent spiral stirrers in the fertilizer box are controlled, and accurate quantitative mixing of the two fertilizers is realized; The ditching layered fertilizer applicator is arranged at the front end of the bottom of the frame and comprises a turnplow core, one side of the top of the turnplow core is provided with a fertilizer injection port connected with a fertilizer discharge port of the fertilizer mixing box, the rear end of the turnplow core is provided with a shallow fertilizer outlet and a deep fertilizer outlet at intervals up and down, and the bottom of the front end of the turnplow core is provided with a turnplow tip; the adjustable depth wheel and the soil covering device are arranged at the bottom of the frame.
2. The variable layering fertilizer applicator of claim 1 wherein a traction frame is fixed at the front end of the frame.
3. The variable layering fertilizer distributor of claim 1, wherein two independent fertilizer storage bins are arranged in the fertilizer box, two independent fertilizer stirring and conveying bins are arranged in the fertilizer mixing box, the two fertilizer storage bins are respectively communicated with the two fertilizer storage bins through two discharging pipes, the two screw shafts are respectively arranged corresponding to the two fertilizer stirring and conveying bins of the fertilizer mixing box, and an extrusion screw and a screw stirrer are arranged on the part, located in the fertilizer stirring and conveying bins, of the screw shaft.
4. The variable layering fertilizer applicator of claim 3 wherein said fertilizer mixing boxes are arranged in an axial direction of said screw shafts at the bottom of said fertilizer boxes, and a plurality of extrusion screws and a plurality of said screw agitators are provided on said screw shafts corresponding to the number of said fertilizer mixing boxes.
5. The variable layering fertilizer applicator of claim 4 wherein said speed change gear assembly comprises a first flywheel, a second flywheel and a second flywheel, said first flywheel being disposed at the axial end of said drive rod, said first flywheel and second flywheel being secured to the axial end of one of said screw shafts, said second flywheel being secured to the axial end of the other of said screw shafts, said first flywheel being coupled to said first flywheel by a drive train, said second flywheel being coupled to said second flywheel by another drive train.
6. The variable layering fertilizer applicator of claim 4 wherein the number of the ditching layering fertilizer applicators corresponds to the number of the fertilizer mixing boxes, the bottoms of the fertilizer mixing boxes are connected with fertilizer injection pipes through three-way pipes, the fertilizer injection pipes are connected with the fertilizer injection ports, and the tops of the share cores of the ditching layering fertilizer applicators are connected with the frame through connecting rods.
7. The variable layering fertilizer distributor of farmland of claim 6, wherein the adjustable depth wheel is arranged at two sides of the bottom of the frame and is positioned at the rear of the ditching layering fertilizer distributor, the adjustable depth wheel comprises a depth wheel and an adjusting support leg connected to the top of a supporting shaft of the depth wheel, the adjusting support leg comprises an inner support leg and an outer support leg, the top of the outer support leg is fixedly connected with the frame, a cavity capable of sleeving the inner support leg is formed in the outer support leg, the bottom of the inner support leg is sleeved into the outer support leg, the bottom of the inner support leg is connected with the supporting shaft, and a plurality of height adjusting holes are correspondingly formed in the inner support leg and the outer support leg and are connected through a fixer.
8. The variable layering fertilizer applicator for a farmland of claim 1 wherein said soil cover is disposed on either side of said frame bottom and between said ditching layering fertilizer applicator and said adjustable depth wheel.
9. The variable layering fertilizer distributor of claim 1, further comprising a fertilizer application depth adjusting mechanism, wherein the fertilizer application depth adjusting mechanism is arranged at the rear end of the rack, the fertilizer application depth adjusting mechanism comprises a fixed supporting rod, a movable connecting rod, a spring supporting rod, a movable supporting leg and a supporting seat, the front end of the bottom of the fixed supporting rod is fixedly connected with the rack, a rod body of the fixed supporting rod is obliquely arranged towards the rear upper part of the rack, the rear end of the bottom of the fixed rack is hinged with two parallel movable connecting rods which are arranged at intervals through a pin shaft, the movable connecting rods are L-shaped connecting rods with the rear ends being upwards inclined, the rear ends of the two movable connecting rods are hinged with the bottom ends of the spring supporting rod through the pin shaft, a damping spring is sleeved on the rod body of the spring supporting rod, the top of the spring supporting rod penetrates through the rear end of the fixed supporting rod, the movable supporting leg is an L-shaped supporting leg, the transverse section of the top of the movable supporting leg is hinged between the two movable connecting rods through two hinge shafts which are arranged at intervals, and the bottom of the vertical section of the movable supporting leg is connected with the supporting seat.
10. The variable layering fertilizer applicator of claim 9 wherein said fertilizer depth adjustment mechanism is disposed in a lateral arrangement at a rear end of said housing.

Description

Farmland variable layering fertilizer distributor Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a farmland variable layering fertilizer applicator. Background In the existing farmland fertilization link, the traditional fertilization mode has the problems of low fertilizer utilization rate, mismatching of nutrient supply and crop root system demands, easy soil hardening, water pollution and the like caused by excessive fertilization, and meanwhile, the manual adjustment of fertilization parameters has low efficiency and insufficient accuracy. Firstly, in layered fertilization, the furrow opener is used as a special tool for agricultural fertilization operation, and is mainly used for furrowing on the land so as to apply fertilizer into the ground, thereby avoiding fertilizer waste and improving the absorption efficiency of crops. The conventional furrow opener cannot dynamically adjust the fertilizing amount and the nutrient ratio according to the nutrient difference in the vertical direction of soil and accurately control the fertilizing amount in different soil layers or areas according to different soil layer depths, and finally waste or deficiency is caused by uniform fertilization. Secondly, in variable fertilization, the mixed fertilizer with different proportions is matched with different farmland soil by changing the proportions of different fertilizers, so that the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the fertilizer waste is avoided, the soil pollution is avoided, and the farmland yield is improved. In summary, the aim of realizing efficient and accurate fertilization in a large-area farmland is a technical problem which needs to be solved by a person skilled in the art. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a farmland variable layering fertilizer applicator, which solves the problems in the prior art, and utilizes the technical principles of layering ditching, electric drive control, gear speed change and the like to accurately cover 10-20 cm crop roots, and the area is matched with the gear speed change to adjust the fertilizer discharge rotating speed so as to finish the accurate proportioning and layering application of fertilizer. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: the invention provides a farmland variable layering fertilizer applicator which comprises a frame, a fertilizer box, a variable speed proportioning device, a ditching layering fertilizer applicator, an adjustable depth wheel and a soil covering device; The fertilizer box is supported at the top of the rack through a support frame and is used for conveying fertilizer to be proportioned to the variable speed proportioner; The speed change proportioning device comprises a motor, a transmission rod, a transmission chain, a speed change gear assembly, a spiral shaft, spiral stirrers, a fertilizer mixing box and a rotation speed sensor, wherein the fertilizer mixing box is arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer box, at least two independent fertilizer stirring and conveying bins are arranged in the fertilizer mixing box, different fertilizers in the fertilizer box are respectively connected with each fertilizer stirring and conveying bin through discharge pipes, the spiral shaft is provided with the spiral stirrers and is respectively arranged in each fertilizer stirring and conveying bin, the motor is in transmission connection with the speed change gear assembly through the transmission rod and the transmission chain, each speed change gear of the speed change gear assembly is arranged at the shaft end of each spiral shaft, the rotation speed sensor acquires real-time rotation speed of the transmission rod, generates a reference signal and sends the reference signal to a control system, and the output rotation speed of the speed change proportioning device is adjusted by switching the engagement positions of the transmission chain at different gears on the speed change gear assembly, so that the synchronous rotation speed of the spiral shafts is changed, and the fertilizer discharging speeds of the two independent spiral stirrers in the fertilizer box are controlled, and accurate quantitative mixing of the two fertilizers is realized; The ditching layered fertilizer applicator is arranged at the front end of the bottom of the frame and comprises a turnplow core, one side of the top of the turnplow core is provided with a fertilizer injection port connected with a fertilizer discharge port of the fertilizer mixing box, the rear end of the turnplow core is provided with a shallow fertilizer outlet and a deep fertilizer outlet at intervals up and down, and the bottom of the front end of the turnplow core is provided with a turnplow tip; the adjustable depth wheel and the soil covering device are arranged at the bottom of the frame. In some embodiments, a traction frame is fixed at the front end of the