CN-122004023-A - Full-growth-period fertilization method for relieving continuous cropping obstacle of facility watermelons

Abstract

The invention discloses a full-growth-period fertilization method for relieving continuous cropping obstacle of facility watermelons. The fertilizing method comprises the steps of accurately fertilizing by adopting a scientific fertilizing method in each period of facility watermelon cultivation, so that the incidence rate of watermelon fusarium wilt caused by continuous cropping obstacle of watermelons is reduced, the growth of watermelons is promoted, the yield and quality of watermelons are improved, the use of chemical pesticides is reduced, and the pesticide residues are reduced. According to the method, the characteristics of nutritional element requirements of the facility watermelons in different periods are combined, and the microbial fertilizer, humic acid and active carbon are additionally applied, so that the types and the amounts of fertilizers used in different periods are strictly controlled, the trace elements in potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc and the like are scientifically supplemented, the dosage of chemical compound fertilizers is reduced by 28-32%, the yield and the quality of the watermelons are not reduced, and the incidence rate of watermelon fusarium wilt is remarkably reduced compared with the treatment without applying the microbial fertilizer.

Inventors

• ZHANG LINA
• ZU YANXIA
• WU YONGCHENG
• ZHENG JIAQIU
• ZHANG HEGUANG
• MEI YI
• Feng Ruchao
• SHI LU
• LIU ZHE
• SHEN FENG
• WANG WEIWEI

Assignees

• 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20260302

Claims (5)

1. 1. The full-growth-period fertilization method for relieving continuous cropping obstacle of facility watermelons is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) Applying base fertilizer, namely applying 25-35 kg of compound fertilizer, 400-600 g of humic acid fertilizer, 10-20 kg of biochar and 1.5-2 kg of biocontrol trichoderma per mu; (2) In the transplanting rooting period, 1-1.5 kg of bacillus aqua per mu is irrigated with rooting water; (3) The flowering period of the vine is that 400-600 times of liquid is sprayed every 7-10 days of bacillus aqua; (4) Before pollination, 1.5-2.5 kg of water-soluble borax per mu is drip-irrigated, and 800-1000 times of liquid boron is sprayed; (5) After pollination, 7 days after pollination, 5-8 kg of balanced water-soluble fertilizer per mu, 3-5 kg of liquid calcium, 1-1.5 kg of bacillus aqua are subjected to drip irrigation, and meanwhile 400-600 times of liquid is sprayed per 7-10 days of bacillus aqua, and then 5-8 kg of balanced water-soluble fertilizer per mu is subjected to drip irrigation, and simultaneously 400-600 times of liquid is sprayed per 7-10 days of bacillus berculosis, and according to the mature period of watermelons, the drip irrigation and the spraying are carried out for 2-3 times; (6) And 10 days before harvesting, drip irrigation 5-8 kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer per mu.
2. 2. The full-growth period fertilization method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacle of facility watermelons according to claim 1, comprising: The base fertilizer is applied, the compound fertilizer is N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O (15-15-15), the humic acid in the humic acid fertilizer is more than or equal to 40%, the biochar is straw biochar, the biocontrol trichoderma is trichoderma harzianum, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g.
3. 3. The full-growth period fertilization method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacle of facility watermelons according to claim 1, comprising: in the fixed root stage and the vine-pulling and flowering stage of transplanting, the bacillus aqua effective strains comprise bacillus bailii, bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g.
4. 4. The full-growth period fertilization method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacle of facility watermelons according to claim 1, comprising: The balanced water-soluble fertilizer is N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O+TE (20-20-20+TE) 7 days after pollination, and the bacillus aqua effective strains comprise bacillus bailii, bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g.
5. 5. The full-growth period fertilization method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacle of facility watermelons according to claim 1, comprising: 10 days before the harvest, the high-potassium type water-soluble fertilizer is N-P 2 O 5 -K 2 O+TE (14-14-30+TE).

Description

Full-growth-period fertilization method for relieving continuous cropping obstacle of facility watermelons Technical Field The application relates to the field of watermelon planting, in particular to a full-growth-period fertilization method for relieving continuous cropping obstacle of facility watermelons. Background Watermelon is an important economic crop in China, which is the largest watermelon producing country and consuming country in the world, and the watermelon planting industry is in the first place in the world. At present, the main planting mode of watermelons is facility planting, and watermelon fusarium wilt caused by continuous cropping obstacle of the facility watermelons seriously reduces yield and even eliminates harvest of the watermelons, so that development of the facility watermelon industry is seriously restricted. Therefore, reasonable planting means are adopted to prevent watermelon fusarium wilt, and the method is key for improving the yield and quality of watermelon. The root diseases such as watermelon fusarium wilt can reduce the nutrient availability, and the nutrient absorption, utilization and distribution of plants, and the scientific and reasonable fertilization can promote the normal growth and development of watermelon plants, coordinate soil nutrients, improve the disease resistance of plants and increase the yield. The nitrogen is closely related to diseases, in the interaction process of plants and pathogenic bacteria, the nitrogen can become a target for the plants and the pathogenic bacteria to compete for nutrition, the supply of the nitrogen is double-sided to the plants, the nitrogen is too low, the growth of the plants is not facilitated, the nitrogen is too high, the plants have high sensitivity to the diseases, and therefore, the application time and the application amount of the nitrogen are very important for alleviating continuous cropping obstacle of watermelons. Phosphorus is a main component of the nucleus, so that proteins and sugar in the plant body can perform normal metabolic activities, thereby affecting the growth of root systems and the occurrence of plant root diseases. Potassium is an important catalyst in plants, participates in activation of various enzymes, can promote synthesis and transportation of photosynthetic products, and enhances plant disease resistance and fruit quality. The medium trace elements such as calcium and boron play an important role in the growth of watermelons, the calcium is an essential element forming cell walls, the cell strength and the fruit hardness can be enhanced, cracking fruits are reduced, the boron participates in carbohydrate transportation and sugar synthesis, cell division and meristem development are promoted, the fruit setting rate of watermelons can be effectively improved through foliar spraying before flowering to the early flowering stage. The effect of rhizosphere soil microorganisms on the growth of watermelons is all-round and decisive, watermelon is continuously planted, root secretions (including some autotoxic substances) of the watermelon are directionally screened to reduce beneficial microorganisms (such as actinomycetes, pseudomonas and trichoderma), and obligate pathogenic bacteria (fusarium oxysporum) are greatly proliferated, and unbalanced microbial communities cannot provide ecological services such as sufficient nutrient conversion, disease inhibition and the like, become a warm bed of diseases, and finally are manifested as continuous cropping obstacles of weak plant growth, disease weight and reduced yield quality. Therefore, a key measure to overcome the continuous cropping obstacle is to regulate the rhizosphere microbial community so that the rhizosphere microbial community is restored to healthy balance. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a full-growth-period fertilization method for relieving continuous cropping obstacle of facility watermelon, which aims at solving the problems in the prior art by observing and comparing the morbidity, yield and quality of watermelon fusarium wilt and exploring the influence of different fertilization modes on watermelon and screening out the test treatment combination with optimal control effect and optimal yield and quality improvement on watermelon fusarium wilt. The invention solves the technical problem of a full-growth period fertilization method for relieving continuous cropping obstacle of facility watermelons, and comprises the following steps: (1) Applying base fertilizer, namely applying 25-35 kg of compound fertilizer, 400-600 g of humic acid fertilizer, 10-20 kg of biochar and 1.5-2 kg of biocontrol trichoderma per mu; (2) In the transplanting rooting period, 1-1.5 kg of bacillus aqua per mu is irrigated with rooting water; (3) The flowering period of the vine is that 400-600 times of liquid is sprayed every 7-10 days of bacillus aqua; (4) Before pollination, 1.5-2.5 kg of water-soluble borax per mu is drip-irrigat