CN-122004025-A - Intelligent water and fertilizer type tree rejuvenation ditch system for sensing and monitoring and application method

CN122004025ACN 122004025 ACN122004025 ACN 122004025ACN-122004025-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent water and fertilizer type tree rejuvenation ditch system for sensing and monitoring and an application method thereof, and relates to the technical field of garden plant maintenance, wherein a rejuvenation ditch body is arranged along the outer side of a tree crown, a stepped layered structure is adopted, ditch walls are built by ecological water permeable materials, and mounting holes and conveying channels are reserved; the sensing monitoring module comprises soil environment, tree physiology and environment meteorological sensors, the intelligent water and fertilizer supply module comprises a storage tank, a booster pump and the like, the data processing and control module is integrated with the controller and the edge computing unit, the data processing and control module is used for analyzing data and generating control instructions, the water draining and ventilation module is used for guaranteeing soil ventilation and water draining, the nutrition slow-release module is used for adjusting the slow-release fertilizer release rate to supplement long-acting nutrition, and the remote communication and monitoring module is used for establishing two-way communication. The invention improves the soil environment through a layered structure, improves the resource utilization rate through intelligent sensing and accurate water and fertilizer regulation, and self-adaptively enhances the adaptability of the environment to adapt to the rejuvenation requirements of different trees.

Inventors

ZHANG ZHITAO
CHEN ZHENGLIANG
HUANG MI
PAN JIANFENG
YE JUNLIN
CHEN WENKE
Min Yuanzhi
LIN FENGLING
OU JIAYU
LI YAN

Assignees

广州建筑园林股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260128

Claims (10)

1. An intelligent water and fertilizer type tree rejuvenation ditch system for sensing and monitoring is characterized by comprising the following modules: The rejuvenation ditch body is symmetrically distributed along the outer side of the projection of the tree crown in a ring shape or a single side, adopts a stepped layered structure, and sequentially comprises a surface soil covering layer, a nutrition slow-release layer, a water and fertilizer permeable layer and a water and fertilizer conveying channel from top to bottom, wherein sensor mounting holes and water and fertilizer conveying channels are reserved; The sensing monitoring module comprises soil environment, tree physiology and environment meteorological sensors, wherein the soil environment sensors are embedded into different soil layers of the rejuvenation ditch, the tree physiology sensors are arranged on the branches and the blades, and the environment meteorological sensors are deployed at the periphery; The intelligent water and fertilizer supply module consists of a water and fertilizer storage tank, a variable-frequency booster pump, a proportioning mixer, a shunt control valve and a drip irrigation pipe network, wherein the storage tank is used for storing clear water, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and microelement nutrient solution in a partitioned mode, the variable-frequency booster pump is used for adjusting water supply pressure, the mixer is used for mixing the water and fertilizer according to preset proportion and real-time sensing data, and the drip irrigation pipe network is paved on a nutrition slow-release layer; The data processing and control module integrates the industrial controller, the data collector and the edge computing unit, receives the sensing monitoring data, removes abnormal values through a filtering algorithm, analyzes the fertilizer and water requirement rules of the trees by using a fuzzy control and PID (proportion integration differentiation) regulation algorithm, and generates a supply instruction and a parameter regulation scheme; The drainage and ventilation module consists of a permeable gravel layer, a porous drainage pipeline and ventilation ducts, wherein the gravel layer is paved at the bottom of a ditch, the drainage pipeline is paved along the gradient, and the ventilation ducts are vertically inserted into each soil layer; The nutrition slow release module comprises a slow release fertilizer carrier and an intelligent slow release controller, wherein the carrier is prepared by mixing humus, bentonite and a slow release coating material, and a slow release channel is arranged in the carrier; And the remote communication and monitoring module adopts LoRa and 4G/5G dual-mode communication, establishes connection with a remote monitoring platform, uploads sensing data, equipment state and water and fertilizer records in real time, receives remote control instructions and parameter configuration, and supports remote start-stop equipment and parameter adjustment.
2. The intelligent water and fertilizer type tree rejuvenation ditch system based on sensing and monitoring according to claim 1, further comprising a water and fertilizer ratio optimizing unit, wherein a water and fertilizer ratio dynamic calculation model is established, and the calculation model is as follows: Wherein the method comprises the steps of In order to integrate the water and fertilizer supply quantity, Is the actual content of the nitrogen element in the soil, The nitrogen element demand coefficient is positively correlated with the growth stage of the tree, As an air humidity influence factor, Is the actual content of phosphorus element in the soil, The phosphorus element demand coefficient is positively correlated with the tree metabolic rate, As the soil temperature influencing factor, Is the actual content of the potassium element in the soil, The potassium element demand coefficient is positively correlated with the tree stress resistance demand, As the light intensity influencing factor, Is the basic supply quantity of the trace elements, The adjustment coefficient for microelements is related to the pH value of soil.
3. The intelligent water and fertilizer type tree rejuvenation ditch system based on sensing and monitoring according to claim 1, further comprising an irrigation control module, wherein the intelligent water and fertilizer type tree rejuvenation ditch system is characterized by further comprising an irrigation control module, a soil moisture threshold dynamic adjustment unit and a drip irrigation flow adaptive adjustment device are integrated, the soil moisture threshold dynamic adjustment unit sets optimal moisture intervals of different soil layers according to tree types, growth stages, soil types and meteorological data, the drip irrigation flow adaptive adjustment device adjusts the flow of drip heads of drip irrigation pipes according to soil air permeability data and water and fertilizer permeation rate, and a pulse drip irrigation mode is adopted, and time, flow and soil moisture change data of each irrigation are recorded.
4. The intelligent water and fertilizer type tree rejuvenation ditch system based on sensing and monitoring according to claim 1, further comprising a nutrition slow-release optimizing module, wherein the nutrition slow-release optimizing module comprises a slow-release fertilizer component customizing unit and a release rate closed-loop control device, the slow-release fertilizer component customizing unit adjusts the proportion of humus, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium slow-release fertilizers and microelements according to tree rejuvenation requirements, improves a soil structure aiming at the weak tree, increases the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium aiming at the weak tree, and the release rate closed-loop control device feeds back data in real time through a soil nutrient sensor to adjust the opening of a slow-release channel of a slow-release fertilizer carrier.
5. The intelligent water and fertilizer tree rejuvenation system based on sensing and monitoring according to claim 1, further comprising a fault diagnosis and early warning module, wherein the equipment state monitoring sensor and the intelligent diagnosis algorithm are integrated, the equipment state monitoring sensor collects operation parameters of a variable frequency pump, a control valve, a drip irrigation pipe and a sensor in real time, the intelligent diagnosis algorithm identifies equipment fault types by comparing a preset parameter threshold value with historical operation data, immediately triggers sound and light early warning when a fault is detected, pushes fault information to an operation and maintenance platform through a remote communication module, and simultaneously starts standby equipment or adjusts operation strategies.
6. The intelligent water and fertilizer type tree rejuvenation ditch system based on sensing and monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized by further comprising a remote operation and maintenance management module, wherein a Web end and mobile end integrated monitoring platform is constructed, management personnel view soil environment data, tree physiological states, water and fertilizer supply records and equipment operation states in real time through the platform, and the platform automatically generates daily reports, weekly reports and monthly reports.
7. The intelligent water and fertilizer type tree rejuvenation ditch system based on sensing and monitoring according to claim 1 is characterized by further comprising an environment self-adaptive adjusting module, an extreme weather coping unit and a soil improvement adapting unit are integrated, the extreme weather coping unit starts a water drainage and ventilation module to increase the water drainage rate according to weather sensor early warning data in heavy rain weather, irrigation frequency and air humidity adjustment are increased in high temperature drought weather, local microenvironment is improved through a drip irrigation pipe spraying function, the soil improvement adapting unit automatically adds an improver according to soil pH value and ventilation data, acidic soil is added with lime modifier to adjust pH value, alkaline soil is added with humic acid modifier to improve soil structure, and adhesive soil is added with permeable gravel layer thickness to improve ventilation.
8. An application method of an intelligent water and fertilizer type tree rejuvenation ditch system for sensing and monitoring, which is applicable to the application method of the intelligent water and fertilizer type tree rejuvenation ditch system for sensing and monitoring as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: laying and constructing foundation of rejuvenation ditches, determining the laying mode and the size according to the types, the breast diameters and the growth environment of trees, digging a ditching body along the outer side of the projection of the tree crowns by 1-2 meters, laying a water and gas permeable layer, a water and fertilizer permeable layer and a nutrition slow release layer according to the design, laying ecological water permeable ditch walls, reserving sensor mounting holes and water and fertilizer conveying channels, and laying drip irrigation pipe networks and drainage pipes; The sensor monitoring module is deployed and calibrated, the soil environment sensor is embedded into different soil layers of the rejuvenation ditch, the tree physiological sensor is fixed at the middle lower part of the trunk and the functional blade, and the sensor is calibrated by using standard solution and calibration equipment after the power supply is connected; initializing and configuring system parameters, inputting basic information through a remote platform or a local controller, automatically matching the parameters by the system, and combining with on-site soil detection data for fine adjustment; The intelligent water and fertilizer accurate supply operation, the sensing module collects soil, tree physiology and meteorological data according to frequency, the data processing module calculates optimal supply amount and ratio through an optimization model through filtering analysis; Monitoring and dynamically adjusting in real time, continuously monitoring soil nutrients, tree states and equipment operation, adjusting fertilizer supply and irrigation flow as required, adjusting strategies in extreme weather, periodically evaluating rejuvenation effects and optimizing parameters; the nutrition slow release and the soil improvement are synchronously carried out, the nutrition slow release module adjusts the release rate according to the soil nutrition and the growth stage, and the soil improvement unit adds an improver according to the pH value and the air permeability; and (3) system maintenance and rejuvenation effect evaluation, periodically checking rejuvenation ditches, cleaning pipeline blockage, calibrating sensors and replacing aging parts.
9. The application method of the intelligent water and fertilizer type tree rejuvenation ditch system based on sensing and monitoring as claimed in claim 8 is characterized by further comprising a water and fertilizer dynamic proportion adjustment step, wherein in the intelligent water and fertilizer accurate supply operation process, soil mixed samples and tree leaf samples are collected for laboratory detection, accurate content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil and nutrient element accumulation amount of trees are obtained, real-time data of a sensing and monitoring module are combined, demand coefficients and influencing factors in a water and fertilizer proportion model are corrected, proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and trace elements is adjusted, nitrogen element supply proportion is increased in growing season to promote branch and leaf growth, phosphorus and potassium element proportion is increased in flower bud differentiation period to promote nutrient accumulation, and integral water and fertilizer supply amount is reduced in dormancy period.
10. The application method of the intelligent water and fertilizer tree rejuvenation ditch system based on sensing and monitoring according to claim 8 is characterized by further comprising the steps of fault processing and system optimization, when a fault diagnosis and early warning module detects equipment faults, starting standby equipment immediately to replace fault components, switching to the standby pump when a variable frequency pump is in fault, pushing fault information to an operation and maintenance platform, enabling operation and maintenance personnel to arrive at a site within 24 hours after receiving early warning to troubleshoot reasons, maintaining or replacing components, performing system calibration and test operation after fault elimination, periodically analyzing system operation data, counting water and fertilizer utilization rate, equipment fault rate and rejuvenation effect improvement trend, and forming an individualized application scheme aiming at different tree types and growth environments.

Description

Intelligent water and fertilizer type tree rejuvenation ditch system for sensing and monitoring and application method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of garden plant maintenance, in particular to an intelligent water and fertilizer type tree rejuvenation ditch system for sensing and monitoring and an application method. Background Along with the acceleration of the urban process, the trees in the urban green space face multiple stresses such as soil hardening, nutrient deficiency, unsmooth drainage, environmental pollution and the like, so that the phenomena of weak growth of the trees, frequent diseases and insect pests, reduced landscape effect and even death occur, and the urban ecological environment and the life quality of residents are seriously influenced. Especially, the trees with ecological and cultural values such as ancient trees, famous trees, street trees and the like have more severe growth environment, limited root system activity space and deteriorated physical and chemical properties of soil, and the rejuvenation requirements of the traditional maintenance mode are difficult to meet. The tree rejuvenation is a key technology for improving the growth state of the tree and prolonging the growth life, and is widely paid attention to by the garden industry, and a rejuvenation ditch is used as a core facility for tree rejuvenation, so that the structural design and the function of the tree rejuvenation directly determine the rejuvenation effect. The traditional tree rejuvenation ditch adopts a single ditch body structure, is only simply filled with organic fertilizer and broken stone, lacks scientific layered design, leads to limited improvement effect of soil air permeability and drainage property, easily runs off water and fertilizer, and cannot provide stable growth environment for tree root systems. In the aspect of water and fertilizer supply, the traditional mode adopts manual watering and fertilization more, relies on experience to judge, has the problems of unbalanced supply quantity, unreasonable proportion, inaccurate opportunity and the like, not only causes the waste of water and fertilizer resources, but also can cause soil salinization due to excessive fertilization, and further damages the root systems of trees. Although the irrigation pipeline is additionally arranged in part of the improved rejuvenation ditch, the real-time monitoring of the soil environment and the physiological state of the tree is still lacking, the water and fertilizer supply cannot be dynamically regulated according to the actual demand of the tree, the accurate maintenance is difficult to realize, the rejuvenation period is long, and the effect is unstable. The existing rejuvenation ditch system has the defects of single function, low intelligent level, inconvenient maintenance and the like. The system lacks a nutrition slow release mechanism, can not realize long-acting nutrition supplementation, needs frequent manual fertilizer supplementation and increases maintenance cost, does not provide perfect fault diagnosis and early warning functions, can not be found in time when equipment is in fault, is easy to interrupt the rejuvenation process, needs field operation and monitoring, can not remotely master the running state of the system and the growth condition of the tree, and is difficult to deal with the management requirement of large-scale tree rejuvenation. In addition, the traditional rejuvenation ditch has poor environmental adaptability, and in extreme weather such as heavy rain, high temperature drought and the like, the operation strategy cannot be adjusted in time, so that the problems of water accumulation, root rot, drought, water shortage and the like are easy to occur, and the rejuvenation effect is influenced. These technical bottlenecks lead to the existing rejuvenation ditch system to be difficult to meet the requirements of modern ornamental trees and shrubs on refinement and intelligent rejuvenation, and development of a tree rejuvenation ditch system with optimized structure, comprehensive functions, intelligence and high efficiency is needed. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides an intelligent water and fertilizer type tree rejuvenation ditch system for sensing and monitoring and an application method thereof, which aim to solve the problems in the prior art. In order to achieve the purpose, the intelligent water and fertilizer type tree rejuvenation ditch system adopting the following technical scheme comprises the following modules: The rejuvenation ditch body is symmetrically distributed along the outer side of the projection of the tree crown in a ring shape or a single side, adopts a stepped layered structure, and sequentially comprises a surface soil covering layer, a nutrition slow-release layer, a water and fertilizer permeable layer and a water and fertilizer conveying channel from top to bottom, wherein sensor mounting holes and water