CN-122004081-A - Apple green anvil high-standard garden building production management method

CN122004081ACN 122004081 ACN122004081 ACN 122004081ACN-122004081-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-standard apple green stock orchard establishment production management method, which relates to the technical field of intelligent cultivation of fruit trees and comprises the following steps of micro-ridging shallow planting, collecting key parameters of a garden establishment area, generating a GPS (global positioning system) lofting chart based on the parameters, dynamically setting wide rows and narrow plants, determining row spacing by adopting a dynamic row spacing calculation formula, carrying out row spacing and plant spacing collocation, carrying out unilateral alternate ditching and fertilization according to a monitoring value, carrying out fruit tree unilateral alternate ditching and fertilization, carrying out flower and fruit management time sequence control, carrying out real-time accumulation on the growth days of the fruit trees and monitoring the branch tip length stop rate, and tracing a garden establishment data block chain, namely carrying out full-flow garden establishment data and generating a mark. According to the invention, through a setting mode of matching micro-ridging shallow planting with wide-row narrow-plant dynamic setting, the accurate and controllable garden building conditions are ensured, the real-time data monitoring and automatic control of the whole process of ridging, planting, fertilizing and irrigation are realized, a dynamic row spacing calculation formula based on latitude is introduced, and the reasonable proportion of the crown width and the row spacing of the adult fruit tree is ensured.

Inventors

MENG TONGGEN
ZHANG JINBEN
GAO FENG
HAN AIMIN
CHEN RONGXIN
LI JING

Assignees

陕西照金咸恒农业科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260127

Claims (10)

1. A high-standard apple green stock garden building production management method is characterized by comprising the following steps: Firstly, micro-ridging shallow planting, namely collecting key parameters of root bark rate, soil volume weight and underground water level of a garden building area, and generating a GPS lofting chart based on the parameters; Step two, dynamically setting wide row and narrow plant, namely determining row spacing by adopting a dynamic row spacing calculation formula, and collocating row spacing and plant spacing; Step three, unilateral alternate ditching and fertilizing, namely arranging an EC sensor in the soil of the orchard, monitoring the EC value of the soil layer in real time, and switching ditching and fertilizing on the unilateral alternate sides of the fruit tree according to the monitored value; step four, flower and fruit management time sequence control, namely constructing a flower and fruit management time sequence engine, accumulating the growth days of the orchard in real time and monitoring the length stop rate of the branch tips; And fifthly, tracing a block chain of the garden building data, namely carrying out full-flow garden building data of micro-ridging shallow planting, wide row narrow plant dynamic setting, unilateral alternate ditching and fertilization and flower and fruit management, and generating a mark.
2. The method for managing high-standard apple green stock garden construction production according to claim 1, wherein the parameters collected in the first step are in the range of not less than 72% of root bark rate, 1.3-1.4g/cm < 3 > of soil volume weight and 1.5-2.0m of groundwater level, the GPS lofting diagram limits ridge height to 8-12cm, the height of exposed surface of an interface of apple green stock H1358 nursery stock is 2-3cm, the generation of the GPS lofting diagram is also related to soil pH value parameters, when the soil pH value is 6.0-7.5, the ridge height is 8-10cm, and when the soil pH value is 5.5-6.0 or 7.5-8.0, the ridge height is 10-12cm.
3. The method for managing high-standard apple green anvil orchard establishment production according to claim 1, wherein a ridging machine used in micro-ridging shallow planting in the first step is provided with an RTK-GPS receiver, the ridging machine is further provided with a soil compaction degree sensor, the soil compaction degree of a ridge body is detected in real time after ridging, the apple green anvil high-standard orchard establishment production management method is judged to be qualified when the compaction degree is 1.1-1.2g/cm < 3 >, and if the compaction degree is more than 1.2g/cm < 3 >, a scarifier of the machine is started to scarify soil on the surface layer of the ridge body, and the scarification depth is 3-5cm.
4. The method for managing high-standard garden building production of apple green stock according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic row spacing calculation formula in the second step is as follows: Wherein the row spacing unit is m, and the plant spacing is fixed to be 1.5m.
5. The method for managing apple green stock high-standard garden construction production according to claim 4, wherein in the step two, wide-row narrow-plant dynamic setting, the latitude value range is 35-42 ℃, when the latitude is greater than 38 ℃, the row spacing calculation formula takes +0.2m correction value, when the latitude is less than 38 ℃, the row spacing calculation formula takes-0.2m correction value, and when the latitude is 38 ℃, the row spacing is executed according to 3.5+0.1× (38-35) =3.8 m.
6. The method for managing high-standard apple green stock orchard establishment production according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, EC sensors are used for monitoring EC values of soil layers of 0-20cm in real time, the arrangement density of the EC sensors is 1 sensor corresponding to every 5 fruit trees, the depth of sensor probes inserted into soil is 10cm, the data acquisition frequency is 1 time every 2 hours, acquired data are synchronized to a fertilization control terminal in real time through a wireless transmission module, and ditching and fertilization are automatically switched to the other side of the fruit trees when the EC values of the soil layers are monitored to be more than 1.6 mS/cm.
7. The method for managing high-standard orchard establishment production of apple green-stock is characterized in that in the step three, ditching depth is 15-18cm, ditching width is 12cm, single fertilization amount is 8-10 kg/plant, the ratio of N: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O of used fertilizers is 18:10:17, and ditching direction of single-side alternate ditching fertilization forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the row direction of fruit trees.
8. The method for managing the high-standard garden construction production of the apple green stock according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, when the growth degree day reaches 450 ℃ and the branch tip length stop rate is more than or equal to 80%, a prompt is automatically triggered, the prompt is to apply + -2 d window period to the hair growth regulator, the flower and fruit management time sequence engine further comprises a flowering phase temperature early warning function, when the GDD reaches 300 ℃ and d to 450 ℃ and the average day temperature is more than 28 ℃ and lasts for more than 3 days, the application window period of the hair growth regulator is automatically prolonged to + -3 d, and the purpose of supplementing leaf calcium fertilizer is prompted.
9. The method for managing apple green stock high-standard garden building production according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, a unique identifier UID is generated by writing the identifier into a blockchain, the UID is used as a 0 th node for post product tracing, and garden building data contained in the blockchain UID specifically comprises GPS lofting coordinate data, a soil physicochemical parameter detection report, a ridging construction record, a seedling variety purity detection result, a fertilization time and consumption record, an EC value monitoring log, GDD accumulated data and branch tip growth state image data.
10. The method for managing apple green anvil high-standard garden building production according to claim 1, wherein the data block chain tracing flow in the step five is as follows: The data acquisition and uplink, namely micro-ridging shallow planting, wide row and narrow plant dynamic setting, unilateral alternate ditching and fertilization and flower and fruit management are carried out through Internet of things equipment, sensors and manpower, and the data are packed into a data block after being generated; The collected data blocks are broadcast to a alliance block chain network consisting of a plurality of nodes authorized by an orchard manager, an agricultural resource provider, a certification authority and a supervision department, the nodes in the network verify and confirm the validity of the data through a predefined consensus mechanism, and once the consensus is achieved, the data blocks are permanently added to the block chain; Generating a unique identifier UID based on a blockchain for each orchard or each batch of seedlings by a system, wherein the UID is used as a root key of the digital identity of the orchard and is a 0 th node of all subsequent data, a building data expansion list of the blockchain is specifically written into the system, the system also comprises geographic information data, soil background data, construction and plant protection records, precise farm work records, environment monitoring logs, growth model data and multimedia evidence, the geographic information data comprise GPS lofting coordinate data, ridge three-dimensional model data, the soil background data are all detection reports of physical and chemical parameters of the soil, the construction and plant protection records comprise ridging construction records, seedling variety purity DNA detection results and quarantine certificates, the precise farm work records are all historical data monitored by an EC sensor, underground water level fluctuation records, the growth model data are accumulated process data of growth days, monitoring records and analysis of a shoot stop length rate, triggered farm work operation reminding and execution records, and the construction and plant protection records comprise the time of each fertilization, the GPS position, the ditching depth and angle, fertilizer formula and accurate consumption records, the environment monitoring logs are all historical data monitored by an EC sensor, the underground water level fluctuation records, the growth model data are the accumulated process data of growth stage data, the shoot stop length rate monitoring records and the medium and the growth state data are the key image data of the growth stage, and the high-quality image data of the seedlings; The tracing and value is realized in that a consumer or a supervision organization can access the blockchain system by scanning the two-dimensional code on the fruit package, and can transparently inquire all key data from the beginning of garden establishment after inputting the UID of a product or an orchard.

Description

Apple green anvil high-standard garden building production management method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent cultivation of fruit trees, in particular to a high-standard apple green stock garden building production management method. Background The efficient and sustainable development of the apple industry depends on a scientific garden building mode and a precise production management technology, however, when a high-standard garden building is performed by adopting a green stock such as H1358, the mode of a traditional cultivation method such as M9-T337 stock which is commonly referred to currently severely restricts the realization of early high yield, efficient fertilizer utilization and cost control targets of the orchard. The prior art fails to fully consider the unique characters of the green stock H1358, in the seedling planting link, M9-T337 mode is carried as usual, the problem of too deep planting depth exists, the soil burying depth of the stock ear interface is more than 5 cm, the H1358 has a root system with strong water guiding property, the root system is in a deep anoxic environment of soil due to too deep planting, the respiration and normal physiological activities of the root system are seriously hindered, the early growth of the tree body is restrained, and the hidden danger is caused for the subsequent high-yield stable-yield burying. In addition, the prior art adopts fixed row spacing configuration, and is lack of coupling between crown width prediction and a growth model matched with the latitude of a planting place, the one-cut planting mode neglects the dynamic influence of photo-thermal resources on crown development under different latitudes, so that the crown is rapidly expanded in the initial stage of fruit tree entering results, the ratio of the crown width to the row spacing easily exceeds a critical point of 0.7, the orchard is caused to be closed prematurely, the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the orchard are rapidly deteriorated, the flower bud differentiation and the fruit quality are influenced, the risk of plant diseases and insect pests is increased, and the expected high-yield target is difficult to realize. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a high-standard apple green stock garden building production management method for solving the problems in the background technology. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme that the apple green anvil high-standard garden building production management method comprises the following steps: Firstly, micro-ridging shallow planting, namely collecting key parameters of root bark rate, soil volume weight and underground water level of a garden building area, and generating a GPS lofting chart based on the parameters; Step two, dynamically setting wide row and narrow plant, namely determining row spacing by adopting a dynamic row spacing calculation formula, and collocating row spacing and plant spacing; Step three, unilateral alternate ditching and fertilizing, namely arranging an EC sensor in the soil of the orchard, monitoring the EC value of the soil layer in real time, and switching ditching and fertilizing on the unilateral alternate sides of the fruit tree according to the monitored value; step four, flower and fruit management time sequence control, namely constructing a flower and fruit management time sequence engine, accumulating the growth days of the orchard in real time and monitoring the length stop rate of the branch tips; And fifthly, tracing a block chain of the garden building data, namely carrying out full-flow garden building data of micro-ridging shallow planting, wide row narrow plant dynamic setting, unilateral alternate ditching and fertilization and flower and fruit management, and generating a mark. Preferably, the parameters collected in the first step are in the range of more than or equal to 72% of root bark rate, 1.3-1.4g/cm < 3 > of soil volume weight and 1.5-2.0m of ground water level, the GPS lofting diagram limits the height of a ridge to 8-12cm, the height of an exposed ground of an interface of an apple green stock H1358 seedling to 2-3cm, the generation of the GPS lofting diagram is also related to the soil pH value parameter, the ridge height is 8-10cm when the soil pH value is 6.0-7.5, and the ridge height is 10-12cm when the soil pH value is 5.5-6.0 or 7.5-8.0. Preferably, a ridging machine used in the micro-ridging shallow planting in the first step is provided with an RTK-GPS receiver, the ridging machine is also provided with a soil compaction degree sensor, the soil compaction degree of the ridge body is detected in real time after ridging, the ridge body is judged to be qualified when the compaction degree is 1.1-1.2g/cm < 3 >, and if the compaction degree is more than 1.2g/cm < 3 >, a soil loosening device of the machine is started to perform soil loosening treat