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CN-122004083-A - Dwarf seedling and field planting cultivation method for red jujube tree

CN122004083ACN 122004083 ACN122004083 ACN 122004083ACN-122004083-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a dwarf seedling and field planting integrated cultivation method for red jujube trees, which comprises the following steps of S1, field planting land pretreatment, field planting zone division of proper land according to preset specifications, laying of a drip irrigation system after deep ploughing and fertilization, S2, directional dwarf seedling cultivation, fine seed bud grafting seedling raising, covering of a special integrated matrix, construction of a sunshade, first dwarf treatment after grafting survival, S3, seedling raising and field planting connection regulation, maintenance of proper matrix humidity, timely topdressing, cutting off of redundant root systems after reaching standards to complete field planting connection without seedling lifting and transplanting, S4, later dwarf maintenance and high yield regulation, adoption of dwarf tree pruning, periodic picking of core and branch thinning, spraying of fruit promoting and high yield liquid and precise regulation of water fertilizer. The invention realizes the integration of seedling growing and field planting and the whole-course dwarfing, effectively improves the survival rate, the acre yield and the optimal fruit rate of the seedlings, and has high efficiency and stable effect.

Inventors

  • Zhang Nugui
  • ZHANG JING

Assignees

  • 吕梁淼森农牧林生态发展有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260224

Claims (8)

  1. 1. The dwarf seedling and field planting integrated cultivation method for the red jujube tree is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1, field planting land preparation, namely selecting a land with flat land form and good drainage, dividing field planting belts according to the specifications of 80-100 cm wide rows, 40-50 cm narrow rows and 25-30 cm plant distances, deep ploughing for 30-40 cm, fertilizing, and paving a drip irrigation system after leveling; S2, directional dwarfing seedling raising, namely grafting and raising fine red jujube seeds in a fixed planting zone according to a preset plant distance, covering a special integrated matrix after grafting, wherein the thickness of the matrix is 5-8 cm, building a sunshade, and carrying out first dwarfing treatment after grafting survival; s3, seedling raising and field planting connection regulation, namely, the seedling raising period is 4-6 months, the humidity of a matrix is kept to be 60-70%, fertilizer is applied timely, when the ground diameter of the seedlings reaches 0.8-1.0 cm and the plant height is 60-80 cm, a sunshade is removed, redundant root systems among the seedlings are cut off, the length of main roots is kept to be 15-20 cm, field planting connection is completed, and seedling lifting and transplanting are not needed; S4, after the post dwarf maintenance and high yield regulation, the fixed planting is connected, the hedge wall shape or the cluster dwarf tree shape is adopted for pruning, the core is picked and the branches are thinned every year for 2-3 times, the fruit promoting and high yield liquid is sprayed in the full bloom stage, and the drip irrigation and the topdressing are regulated and controlled at regular intervals in the growing period, so that the dwarf high yield is realized.
  2. 2. The method for dwarf seedling and field planting integrated cultivation of the red jujube tree according to claim 1, wherein 2000-3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50-60 kg of compound fertilizer are applied to each mu of the red jujube tree after deep cultivation in S1.
  3. 3. The method for dwarf seedling and field planting integrated cultivation of the red jujube tree according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the improved red jujube seed grafting adopts a bud grafting mode, the grafting time is 3-4 months in spring, the binding is released 15-20 days after grafting, and meanwhile bud picking treatment is carried out.
  4. 4. The method for dwarf seedling and field planting integrated cultivation of the jujube tree according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, special integrated matrixes are prepared by mixing leaf rot soil, vermiculite, decomposed sheep manure and a water-retaining agent according to a mass ratio of 3:1:2:0.5 to obtain a total matrix, and then rooting powder accounting for 0.1-0.2% of the mass of the total matrix is added.
  5. 5. The method for dwarfing and planting integrated cultivation of jujube trees according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the first dwarfing treatment comprises pinching when the height of the seedlings is 30-35 cm, and spraying paclobutrazol solution with the concentration of 500-800 mg/L for 1 time.
  6. 6. The method for dwarf seedling and field planting integrated cultivation of the jujube trees according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the fertilizer is obtained by mixing urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the fertilizer is applied 1 time per mu after 30 days, 60 days and 90 days after emergence of seedlings.
  7. 7. The method for dwarfing and planting integrated cultivation of jujube trees according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the fruit promoting and high yield liquid is obtained by mixing gibberellin solution with the concentration of 20mg/L and borax solution with the mass concentration of 0.2% according to the volume ratio of 1:1.
  8. 8. The method for integrated cultivation of dwarf seedlings and field planting of jujube trees according to claim 1, wherein in S4: The regular regulation and control drip irrigation specifically comprises the steps of keeping the humidity of soil at 60-65% in a germination period, watering once every 7-10 days, keeping the humidity at 55-60% in a pre-flowering period, watering once every 5-7 days, keeping the humidity at 65-70% in a young fruit period and a fruit swelling period, watering once every 5-7 days, keeping the humidity at 60-65% in a post-harvest period, watering once every 10-15 days, and watering anti-freezing water once every 15-20 days or as required in a winter dormancy period; The periodic topdressing is carried out for 5 times per year in the growing period, namely, the topdressing is carried out in the germination period, the pre-flowering period, the young fruit period, the fruit swelling period and the post-harvest period respectively, wherein the germination period is 10kg of compound fertilizer applied per mu, the pre-flowering period is 8kg of potash fertilizer applied per mu, the young fruit period is 12kg of compound fertilizer applied per mu, the fruit swelling period is 10kg of potash fertilizer applied per mu, and the post-harvest period is 1000kg of organic fertilizer applied per mu.

Description

Dwarf seedling and field planting cultivation method for red jujube tree Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a dwarf seedling and field planting integrated cultivation method for a red jujube tree. Background The red dates are important dried fruit tree species in China, and have extremely high nutritional value and economic value. Along with the large-scale development of the red date industry, the traditional cultivation technology gradually exposes a plurality of defects, restricts the quality improvement and synergy of the industry, and for example, the traditional thin-planting large-crown cultivation mode is difficult to adapt to the requirements of the modern red date industry, and dwarf close-planting cultivation becomes the main stream direction of the industry development. In the prior art, a two-stage cultivation mode of 'first seedling raising and then transplanting' is commonly adopted. After nursery seedlings are cultivated for 1-2 years in a nursery, the seedlings are required to be subjected to links such as seedling lifting, transportation and field planting, in the process, root systems are seriously damaged, particularly fibrous roots and root hairs, so that a longer seedling recovery period (usually 30-45 days) is required after field planting, the survival rate is difficult to ensure, the nutritional growth of the first year is blocked, and the first year is delayed to enter a fruiting period. In addition, the red date dwarfing technology is mostly concentrated on pruning and shaping after field planting, dwarfing measures are single, dwarfing effects are unstable, adaptability of dwarfing tree forms and close planting cultivation is poor, and cooperation of high-density high-yield cultivation and mechanical management is difficult to achieve. The existing field planting technology requires complex operations such as digging big holes (60-80 cm square), layering fertilization, three-burying and three-stepping, and the like, and the field planting depth, the grafting opening direction, the root system stretching degree and the like depend on manual experience, so that standardized operation is difficult to realize, the growth of the tree body of the park is uneven, and the management difficulty is increased. The traditional seedling raising mostly adopts open field or conventional nutrition pot, the vertical root system is developed, the horizontal root system is relatively weak, the stabilization of dwarf tree and the absorption of surface soil nutrients are not facilitated, and the drought resistance and wind resistance are poor. Therefore, a method for realizing seamless connection of seedling and field planting, stable dwarfing effect, high yield and high efficiency integrated cultivation of dwarfing and field planting of red jujube trees is needed, and is an urgent need for the development of the current red jujube industry. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide an integrated cultivation method for dwarfing and planting red jujube trees, which can realize seamless connection of seedling and planting, has stable dwarfing effect and high yield and efficiency. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the dwarf seedling and field planting integrated cultivation method for the red jujube tree comprises the following steps: s1, field planting land preparation, namely selecting a land with flat land form and good drainage, dividing field planting belts according to the specifications of 80-100 cm wide rows, 40-50 cm narrow rows and 25-30 cm plant distances, deep ploughing for 30-40 cm, fertilizing, and paving a drip irrigation system after leveling; S2, directional dwarfing seedling raising, namely grafting and raising fine red jujube seeds in a fixed planting zone according to a preset plant distance, covering a special integrated matrix after grafting, wherein the thickness of the matrix is 5-8 cm, building a sunshade, and carrying out first dwarfing treatment after grafting survival; s3, seedling raising and field planting connection regulation, namely, the seedling raising period is 4-6 months, the humidity of a matrix is kept to be 60-70%, fertilizer is applied timely, when the ground diameter of the seedlings reaches 0.8-1.0 cm and the plant height is 60-80 cm, a sunshade is removed, redundant root systems among the seedlings are cut off, the length of main roots is kept to be 15-20 cm, field planting connection is completed, and seedling lifting and transplanting are not needed; S4, after the post dwarf maintenance and high yield regulation, the fixed planting is connected, the hedge wall shape or the cluster dwarf tree shape is adopted for pruning, the core is picked and the branches are thinned every year for 2-3 times, the fruit promoting and high yield liquid is sprayed in the full bloom stage, and the drip irrigation and the topdre