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CN-122004086-A - Flower promoting method of golden camellia

CN122004086ACN 122004086 ACN122004086 ACN 122004086ACN-122004086-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a flower promoting method of golden camellia, and belongs to the technical field of cultivation of horticultural plants. The method solves the technical problems that the natural flower quantity of the golden camellia is small, the old branches are difficult to bloom, and the plant is high and large and is not suitable for potted ornamental. The method comprises the steps of providing a golden camellia potted plant which is subjected to dwarfing germination promotion treatment and has formed a strong main stalk and secondary branches, and carrying out periodical flower promotion treatment on the plant in the period of 2 to 3 months per year, wherein the flower promotion treatment comprises the step of spraying a flower promotion liquid medicine which is formed by compounding 500 to 800 times of flower pan liquid and 800 to 1000 times of trace element water-soluble fertilizer on leaf surfaces, the spraying frequency is once every 7 to 10 days, and root irrigation and fertilization are synchronously carried out at least once per month, and the root irrigation liquid contains mineral source potassium fulvate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, amino acid water-soluble fertilizer and sodium nitrophenolate, so that dormant buds or adventitious buds on the main stalk and the wooden old branches of the plant are induced and promoted to differentiate into flower buds and are opened. The method is mainly used for promoting the golden camellia potted plants to bloom and open old flowers, and obviously improving the ornamental value and the economic value of the golden camellia potted plants.

Inventors

  • LIU YUJUN
  • LIU FANG
  • CHEN BIZHEN
  • LI TING
  • LIANG XIAOCHUN
  • LIU LI
  • LI MEI

Assignees

  • 广西壮族自治区南宁良凤江国家森林公园

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260407

Claims (9)

  1. 1. The flower promoting method of the golden camellia is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step 1, providing a golden camellia potted plant which is subjected to dwarf germination promotion treatment and has formed a strong main stalk and secondary branches; step 2, starting periodic flower-promoting treatment on plants during the period of 2 to 3 months per year, wherein the flower-promoting treatment comprises: Step 21, spraying the foliage of the plant, namely spraying a flower-promoting liquid medicine which is formed by compounding 500-800 times of flower pan liquid and 800-1000 times of trace element water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the spraying frequency is once every 7-10 days; Step 22, synchronously root irrigation, namely, at least one root irrigation and fertilization are carried out once a month in the same period of spraying the liquid medicine, wherein the root irrigation liquid comprises 5g/L of mineral source potassium fulvate, 5g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 to 20 mL/L of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer and 0.5 g/L of compound sodium nitrophenolate; and 3, continuously performing the treatment in the step 2 for at least 3 months, thereby inducing and promoting the differentiation of dormant buds or adventitious buds on the main stalks and the biennial or above woodized old branches of the plants into flower buds, and finally opening the flowers.
  2. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 1, the dwarfing and germination promotion treatment comprises artificial topping of the plant trunk at a distance of 30cm from the planting surface.
  3. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step 1, the dwarfing and sprouting promotion treatment further comprises spraying chlormequat chloride solution with a concentration of 100 to 200mg/L, and paclobutrazol is not used in the dwarfing and sprouting promotion treatment.
  4. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein activating the target old branch 2 to 3 weeks before the initiation of the periodic flower forcing treatment of step 2 comprises: a) Preparing a mixed solution containing 10 to 15 mg/L of salicylic acid and 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L of methyl jasmonate, and spraying the foliage of the plant, wherein the spraying amount is based on that the foliage is wet but not dropped; b) 1 to 2 mature healthy leaves which are most likely to be directly connected with a target old branch vascular and have vigorous functions are selected as source leaves, 10 to 20 mu L of 0.5 to 1.0 percent of edible pigment carmine or amaranth water solution is slowly injected into the basal part of a leaf stalk of the source leaves to be used as a visible marker, and if red oozes or appears at or above an annular cutting wound of the target old branch within 24 to 48 hours after injection, a channel is initially indicated to be effective; c) Using a girdling knife to carry out annular incising with the width not more than 1 mm and the depth of 1.0 to 1.5mm at the position about 1 to 3 cm above the selected bud point on the target old branch so as to just cut off phloem without hurting xylem; d) Spraying the leaf backs of the source leaves on the 3 rd and 7 th days after the step c) is finished by using a sprayer, wherein the spraying liquid is mixed liquid of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5g/L and urea 1 g/L, and the spraying amount is the degree of wetting of the leaf backs; e) After the above steps are completed, the periodic flower promotion treatment of step 2 is restarted at intervals of 5 to 7 days.
  5. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein 2 to 3 weeks before the initiation of the periodic flower forcing process of step 2, further comprising an activation phase for the target old branch, the activation phase comprising: A) Cutting the water-soluble plant bandage into strips with the width of 10mm and the length capable of encircling the branches; b) Immersing the water-soluble plant bandage completely in a mixed solution composed of 10-15 mg/L salicylic acid and 0.5-1.0 mg/L methyl jasmonate for 5-10 min to fully absorb, and taking out to remove excessive liquid drops; C) The method comprises the steps of (1) carrying out annular incising on a target old branch at a position about 1 to 3 cm above a selected bud point by using a girdling knife, wherein the width is not more than 1 mm, and the depth is 1.0 to 1.5 mm so as to cut off phloem just without hurting xylem; D) Taking a centrifuge tube, puncturing the center of the tube cover by a hot needle to form micropores with the diameter of about 0.5mm, injecting a mixed solution of 0.3-0.5 mL salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate into the centrifuge tube, adding cellulose sponge to increase liquid retention, screwing the tube cover, horizontally fixing the centrifuge tube on the back and shade surface of a branch at the position 8-10 cm above a carved wound by a waterproof adhesive tape, enabling the micropores to face the surface of the branch, and E) supplementing the mixed solution of 0.1-0.2 mL salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate into the micropores of the tube cover of the centrifuge tube by a microinjector on the 3 rd day and the 7 th day after the completion of the step D) so as to maintain the liquid level in the tube.
  6. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant is planted in an under-forest environment having a canopy density of 50% or less and an illumination intensity of (20.3 to 27.2) x 1000Lx.
  7. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein in the flower promoting liquid medicine, the trypan is 500 to 800 times of diluent, the trace element water-soluble fertilizer is 800 to 1000 times of diluent, and the trace element water-soluble fertilizer comprises kowski brand trace element water-soluble fertilizer.
  8. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising, during the periodic flower forcing process of step2: S1, in the spring tip germination period, when the length of a new nutrition branch reaches 3-5 cm, performing first tip control treatment on plants, wherein the tip control treatment is to spray a calcium cyclamate solution with the concentration of 150-250 mg/L on the top growth point of the new nutrition branch, the spraying amount is based on wetting 3-5 young leaves at the top without dripping, and after 15-20 days after the first tip control treatment, performing second tip control treatment on spring tips germinated again, reducing the concentration of calcium cyclamate to 100-150 mg/L, and spot spraying the top of the new branches; S2, when the anther-promoting liquid is sprayed on the leaf surface of the step 21, 0.01-0.05% of alkyl polyglycoside is added into the liquid medicine as a synergistic agent so as to reduce the surface tension of the liquid medicine on the surface of the old branch rough bark, enhance the wetting and penetrating capacity of the liquid medicine, and enable the flower-promoting active ingredient to effectively enter the phloem of the old branch and be conveyed to dormant buds; S3, root irrigation and fertilization are carried out every interval in the root irrigation and fertilization step 22, a compound microbial agent with the concentration of 0.5-1.0 g/L is added into the root irrigation liquid, the compound microbial agent is formed by compounding bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus mucilaginosus according to the bacterial count ratio of 1:1, and the total number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 2 multiplied by 10 8 CFU/g.
  9. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises a low-temperature protection step during the periodical flower-promoting treatment in the step 2, wherein the low-temperature protection step is started when the minimum environmental temperature is lower than 10 ℃ in the future 48 hours of weather forecast, and specifically comprises the steps of spraying an antifreezing nutrient solution compounded by 0.2% of monopotassium phosphate and 0.05% of brassinolide on the leaf surfaces of plants in 12 hours before the low temperature comes, wherein the spraying amount is based on the wetting of the leaf surfaces but no dripping, using a non-woven fabric with the light transmittance of 70% to cover the whole plant in 2 hours after the spraying, compacting the periphery of the cover, and removing the non-woven fabric cover after the air temperature is stably raised to be higher than 12 ℃.

Description

Flower promoting method of golden camellia Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of gardening plant cultivation. More particularly, the invention relates to a flower promoting method of golden camellia. Background Golden camellia (CAMELLIA CHRYSANTHA) is used as a precious ornamental and medicinal plant, and golden waxy flowers have high value. In the process of artificial cultivation, in particular potting application, a plurality of technical difficulties need to be solved. Firstly, the flowering quantity of a single camellia chrysantha is limited under the condition of natural growth or conventional cultivation, and the flower distribution is sparse, so that the ornamental fullness and visual effect of the camellia chrysantha as a potted plant are affected. The amount of flowers is comprehensively influenced by the physiological state, nutrient accumulation and environmental factors of plants, and how to stably and obviously improve the amount of flowers of potted golden camellia is a common cultivation target. Second, flower buds of camellia nitidissima are usually differentiated and opened on new branches of the current year or one year, while old woodized branches (main branches and secondary branches) of two or more years are mostly in a state of vegetative growth arrest or dormancy, and bud points (dormant buds or adventitious buds) on the old branches are difficult to convert into flower buds. The biological characteristic limits the number of the whole flowering sites of the plant, so that the old branch areas inside and below the crown cannot donate flowers, and the flowering level and the overall ornamental potential are reduced. Promoting flowering of old branches involves breaking the deep dormancy of their buds and directing their turn to reproductive development, which is often difficult in woody plants. In addition, the golden camellia has larger plants and wider plant types under the natural growth condition. If the method is directly applied to potting scenes such as balconies and courtyards with limited space, the problems of inconvenient arrangement and management caused by too high plants and too large crown width exist, and meanwhile, the method is difficult to meet the requirements of indoor and outdoor bonsai landscaping on compact and short plants. Therefore, proper regulation and control of the vegetative growth is required to realize potted plant type management. In response to the above problems, methods such as conventional pruning, applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, using a single plant growth regulator, and the like have been attempted in cultivation practice. For example, some growth inhibitors are applied to dwarf, but may bring about side effects such as excessive internode contraction, leaf malformation or excessive overall growth inhibition, affecting health and ornamental value, and some flowering-promoting hormones are tried to be sprayed, sometimes with a certain effect on promoting flowering of new branches, but the effect on activating the flowering of dormant buds of old branches is not stable or remarkable enough, and may interfere with normal physiological balance of plants. How to coordinate dwarf plant types, promote the increase of the whole flower quantity and specifically induce old branches to bloom, and a set of potted golden camellia flower-promoting cultivation method which is stable, effective and controllable in side effect is formed, and technical challenges still exist. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a method for systematically promoting golden camellia flowering, which aims to comprehensively solve the problems of insufficient flower quantity and inauguration in potted cultivation, and particularly solves the technical bottleneck that the mature branches of the wooden flowers are difficult to differentiate into flower buds more than two years. The method effectively guides the plant to transform from vegetative growth to reproductive growth while inhibiting excessive vegetative growth and promoting compact plant type by coordinating specific cultivation stage, key time window and periodical nutrition and regulator treatment, and finally achieves the purposes of remarkably increasing the flower quantity and inducing the flowering of trunks and old branches, thereby improving the ornamental value and economic output of the single plant. The flower promoting method of the golden camellia comprises the following steps of 1, providing golden camellia potted plants which are subjected to dwarf germination promoting treatment and have formed strong main stalks and secondary branches, 2, starting periodic flower promoting treatment on the plants in the period of 2 to 3 months each year, spraying a flower promoting liquid medicine which is formed by compounding 500 to 800 times of liquid of flower pan and 800 to 1000 times of trace element water-soluble fertilizer on leaf surfaces, and carrying out synchro