CN-122004089-A - Method for interplanting pleurotus citrinopileatus under macadimia nut forests

CN122004089ACN 122004089 ACN122004089 ACN 122004089ACN-122004089-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for interplanting pleurotus citrinopileatus under a macadimia nut forest, which comprises the following steps of constructing a standardized cultivation-management circulation unit, taking waste of the macadimia nut industry as a core raw material, preparing a cultivation matrix according to dry weight volume, paving the cultivation matrix into cultivation beds, inoculating pleurotus citrinopileatus cultivars in a layer sowing or mixed sowing mode, starting an orchard drip irrigation system for humidity management, supplementing nutrition in a fungus culturing period after harvesting of each tide mushroom, timely harvesting when a mushroom cap of the entity of the pleurotus citrinopileatus is bright golden yellow by adopting a rotary pulling method, and burying fungus chaff which is rich in hypha protein and fully decomposed in the cultivation beds together with covering soil in a field after harvesting of 2-3 tide mushrooms. The invention adopts a forest-fungus interplanting mode, integrates and utilizes the space ecological niche under the forest and solid wastes such as shells, branches and the like generated by the space ecological niche under the forest to carry out large-scale wild-like cultivation of pleurotus citrinopileatus, and realizes the synergistic symbiosis and cyclic development of 'cultivating fungus in the forest and promoting the forest by the fungus'.

Inventors

WU XINGXING
ZHANG PUXIAN
TAI LIMEI
CHEN WEI
LI WEN
HE YIRONG
Han Chengcao
HE HONGYUN

Assignees

云南林业职业技术学院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260402

Claims (8)

1. A method for interplanting pleurotus citrinopileatus under a macadamia nut forest, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, constructing a circulation unit, namely selecting an adult high-yield Australian hard orchard with the tree age of more than or equal to 4 years, the row spacing of 4-6 meters, the plant spacing of 3-5 meters and the canopy closure degree of 0.6-0.7, and constructing a standardized cultivation-management circulation unit by alternately arranging cultivation beds and mechanized operation bands along the row-to-row direction of fruit trees in the area from 0.5-0.6 meters outside the drip line of the crown to the central line between rows; s2, preparing a cultivation substrate, namely preparing the cultivation substrate by taking waste of the macadimia nut industry as a core raw material and according to the dry weight volume, and then adopting aerobic stacking fermentation and normal pressure steam sterilization; Aerobic stacking fermentation, namely stacking the uniformly mixed culture substrates, controlling the central temperature of the stacking body to 65-70 ℃ and maintaining for 48-72 hours, turning the stacking for 2-3 times during the period to promote the uniform decomposition of materials, wherein the total fermentation period is 12-15 days, and the period promotes the decomposition of the raw materials, eliminates harmful substances and proliferates beneficial microorganisms; The cultivation matrix after fermentation is placed in a sterilization facility and maintained for 6-8 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃, and the materials are penetrated by utilizing damp and hot steam to thoroughly kill residual competitive mixed bacteria, pests and eggs thereof, so that the dominant planting of pleurotus citrinopileatus hyphae after inoculation is ensured; S3, inoculating and bionic earthing and bacteria growing, namely paving a culture medium into a culture furrow, paving the culture furrow with the thickness of 20-25 cm, controlling the dry material amount to be 15-20 kg/m <2 >, and then inoculating pleurotus citrinopileatus cultivars in a layer sowing or mixed sowing mode, wherein the inoculation amount is 10% -15% of the dry material weight; immediately covering a layer of moist fine garden soil with the thickness of 2-4 cm after inoculation, covering a breathable non-woven fabric on the furrow surface, keeping the temperature of the material at 20-28 ℃ by using a stable temperature and humidity environment under the forest, keeping the covered soil moist by intermittent spraying, enabling hypha to penetrate through the covered soil layer after about 25-35 days, and marking that the bacterial growth is completed; S4, precise bionic regulation and control of fruiting period environment: Removing non-woven fabrics, starting a low-pressure micro-spraying system modified based on an orchard drip irrigation system to perform humidity management, controlling the relative air humidity of fruiting areas to be 85% -95%, spraying a compound solution of 0.1% monopotassium phosphate and 0.05% urea through the low-pressure micro-spraying system in a fungus culturing period after harvesting of each tide mushroom, and supplementing nutrition; Light-temperature coupling, namely, by means of natural shade of a canopy, the scattered light intensity of a fruiting area is regulated and controlled to be 300-800Lux, and the main fruiting period is arranged in spring and autumn with the optimal temperature in combination with a climate rule, so that peak staggering is formed in the period of sprouting, flowering and fruit expanding of macadimia nuts, water, light and nutrient competition is reduced, natural ventilation among rows is relied during the period, weeds in the operation area are cleaned regularly, and the environment is kept clean; S5, harvesting and primary processing, namely timely harvesting by adopting a rotary pulling method when the solid fungus cover of the elm Huang Guzi is bright golden yellow and the edge is slightly rolled inwards and is not completely flat, or immediately marketing fresh mushrooms, or vacuum packaging after drying at 50-60 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 12%; S6, performing closed loop cultivation and systematic circulation on mushroom bran, namely harvesting 2-3 tide mushrooms, and then, using a small rotary cultivator to locally dig mushroom bran which is rich in hypha protein and is thoroughly decomposed into the soil of an orchard together with earthing, so as to finish closed loop circulation from 'waste of the orchard' to 'nutrient of the orchard'.
2. The method for interplanting pleurotus citrinopileatus under a macadamia nut forest according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, a flattening operation band with the width of 1.5-2.0 meters is reserved between two adjacent cultivation beds, wherein the width of each cultivation bed is 0.8-1.2 meters, the depth of each cultivation bed is 20-25 cm, and lime water with the width of 5% is sprayed for disinfection after the bottoms of the cultivation beds are flattened.
3. The method for interplanting pleurotus citrinopileatus under macadimia nut forest according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, a mixed layer of crushed tiles and coarse sand with the thickness of 3-5cm and the proportion of 1:1 is paved at the bottom of each cultivation furrow, so that drainage performance is enhanced.
4. The method for interplanting pleurotus citrinopileatus under a macadamia nut forest according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the cultivation medium is composed of, by weight, 15% -25% of macadamia nut hard shell broken materials, 30% -40% of macadamia nuts and fruit tree pruning branch scraps, 25% -35% of cotton seed hulls or corncobs, 8% -12% of wheat bran or rice bran, 1% -2% of gypsum powder and 1% -2% of lime powder.
5. The method for interplanting pleurotus citrinopileatus under a macadimia nut forest according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the cultivation medium is composed of the following raw materials, by weight, 23-28% of macadimia nut hard shell broken materials, 20-30% of bagasse, 30-40% of wood chips, 5-10% of wheat bran and 1-3% of lime powder.
6. The method for interplanting pleurotus citrinopileatus under the macadamia nut forest according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the fine garden soil is exposed to the sun for 3 days, and 0.1% carbendazim solution is sprayed for sterilization, and the pleurotus citrinopileatus is dried until the pleurotus citrinopileatus is agglomerated by hands and is released for dispersion.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in S4, the nozzle of the spraying system is 30-50 cm from the furrow surface and the droplet size is 50-150 μm.
8. The method for interplanting pleurotus citrinopileatus under the macadimia nut forest according to claim 1, wherein in the S4, a retractable sunshade net with the shading rate of 30-50% can be erected at a position 50-80 cm above a furrow in a high-temperature period in summer for assisting in cooling, and a small arch greenhouse with a transparent mulching film can be built for warming and preserving heat in a low-temperature period in winter.

Description

Method for interplanting pleurotus citrinopileatus under macadimia nut forests Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural recycling economy, in particular to a method for interplanting pleurotus citrinopileatus under a macadimia nut forest. Background Macadamia nut is used as an important economic forest with high added value, is widely planted in tropical and subtropical areas of China, the row spacing of an adult orchard is wide (4-6 meters), the crown is closed, a stable and unique woody micro-area environment is formed, the illumination intensity is moderate (200-1000 Lux), the air humidity is high, the day-and-night temperature difference is stable, ventilation is good, at present, most of the woody space of the orchard is idle or is only used for low-benefit grass coverage, the land resource is not efficiently utilized, so that space waste is formed, and meanwhile, a large number of hard shells generated by nut processing and a large number of branches generated by annual trimming of the orchard become troublesome agricultural solid waste, and the conventional treatment mode (stacking and burning) not only causes resource waste, but also can bring environmental pollution and fire hazard. The pleurotus citrinopileatus is a rare edible fungus with dual purposes of food and medicine and wide market prospect, the growth requirement (light scattering, shady, moist and ventilation) of the pleurotus citrinopileatus is highly matched with the environment under the macadimia nut forest, however, the current pleurotus citrinopileatus industry is dependent on facility cultivation, the problems of large investment, high energy consumption, difference between the product flavor and wild type and the like exist, although the related exploration of the cultivation under the forest exists, the related exploration is concentrated on the traditional forest land, the system scheme aiming at the specific commercialized garden of the macadimia nut is lacking, and especially, the 'processing of wastes of the garden' and the 'efficient utilization of the space under the forest' cannot be innovatively integrated, and a reproducible and sustainable circulating agricultural mode cannot be formed. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a method for interplanting pleurotus citrinopileatus under a macadimia nut forest, which adopts a forest-fungus interplanting mode, integrates and utilizes space ecological niches under the forest and solid wastes such as shells, branches and the like generated by the space ecological niches under the forest, and carries out large-scale wild-like cultivation of the pleurotus citrinopileatus, so as to realize the synergistic symbiosis and cyclic development of' in forest cultivation and in fungus promotion. The technical aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for interplanting pleurotus citrinopileatus under a macadamia nut forest, comprising the following steps: S1, constructing a circulation unit, namely selecting an adult high-yield Australian hard orchard with the tree age of more than or equal to 4 years, the row spacing of 4-6 meters, the plant spacing of 3-5 meters and the canopy closure degree of 0.6-0.7, and constructing a standardized cultivation-management circulation unit by alternately arranging cultivation beds and mechanized operation bands along the row-to-row direction of fruit trees in the area from 0.5-0.6 meters outside the drip line of the crown to the central line between rows; s2, preparing a cultivation substrate, namely preparing the cultivation substrate by taking waste of the macadimia nut industry as a core raw material and according to the dry weight volume, and then adopting aerobic stacking fermentation and normal pressure steam sterilization; Aerobic stacking fermentation, namely stacking the uniformly mixed culture substrates, controlling the central temperature of the stacking body to 65-70 ℃ and maintaining for 48-72 hours, turning the stacking for 2-3 times during the period to promote the uniform decomposition of materials, wherein the total fermentation period is 12-15 days, and the period promotes the decomposition of the raw materials, eliminates harmful substances and proliferates beneficial microorganisms; The cultivation matrix after fermentation is placed in a sterilization facility and maintained for 6-8 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃, and the materials are penetrated by utilizing damp and hot steam to thoroughly kill residual competitive mixed bacteria, pests and eggs thereof, so that the dominant planting of pleurotus citrinopileatus hyphae after inoculation is ensured; S3, inoculating and bionic earthing and bacteria growing, namely paving a culture medium into a culture furrow, paving the culture furrow with the thickness of 20-25 cm, controlling the dry material amount to be 15-20 kg/m <2 >, and then inoculating pleurotus citrinopileatus cultivars in a layer s