CN-122004097-A - Coastal region grading double-layer ecological water-retaining slope-fixing greening base material and spray seeding method

CN122004097ACN 122004097 ACN122004097 ACN 122004097ACN-122004097-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of slope re-greening engineering, and discloses a coastal region grading double-layer ecological water-retention slope-fixing re-greening base material and a spray seeding method, wherein the method comprises a bottom layer and a surface layer of double-layer spray seeding base material; the bottom substrate comprises a supporting interlocking network formed by coarse fibers and medium fibers, the coarse fibers are used as framework materials and are intertwined and interlocked with the medium fibers, and a communicated macroporous network is formed after spray seeding and solidification and is used for providing deep shearing resistance and plant root system penetration channels; the surface layer base material comprises a covering compact network formed by fine fibers, the fine fibers are filled in the gaps of the framework to form a micro-capillary hole network to form a fiber grading interlocking double-layer structure for improving the broken water content of capillary and reducing evaporation loss, the water retaining agents are arranged in the bottom layer base material and the surface layer base material, the water retaining agents form a gel state structure after water absorption expansion, and the water retaining agents cooperate with the fiber network to play roles of water storage, water release and spray layer scouring stripping reduction, so that the water retaining agent is suitable for secondary repair and spray repair of a coastal slope bald spot area.

Inventors

XU BOYU
CHEN HAILIN
She Ailun
LIU XIAOJING
CHEN GONG
Ai Shangjin
ZHAO BINGQIN
XIA DONG
GAO YANG
WANG SHAOWEI
LI XINGZHU
LIU DAXIANG
XU WENNIAN
LIU LIMING
WU BIN

Assignees

三峡大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260130

Claims (10)

1. The coastal region grading double-layer ecological water-retaining slope-fixing greening base material is characterized by comprising a bottom layer and a surface layer double-layer spray-seeding base material; The bottom substrate comprises a supporting interlocking network formed by coarse fibers and medium fibers, the coarse fibers are used as framework materials and are intertwined and interlocked with the medium fibers, and a communicated macroporous network with the equivalent aperture of 0.5 mm-2.0 mm is formed after spray seeding and solidification and is used for providing deep shearing resistance and plant root system penetrating channels; The surface layer substrate comprises a covering compact network formed by fine fibers, the fine fibers are filled in the gaps of the framework to form a micro capillary pore network with the equivalent pore diameter of 0.01 mm-0.1 mm, a fiber grading interlocking double-layer structure is formed, and a pore size gradient from the bottom layer to the surface layer is formed for improving capillary fracture water content and reducing evaporation loss; The water-retaining agent is arranged in the bottom substrate and the surface substrate, forms a gel state structure after water absorption and expansion, and the gel state structure is distributed in pores of the fiber grading interlocking network and fiber crossing parts, and plays roles of storing water, releasing water and reducing scouring and stripping of the spray seeding layer in cooperation with the fiber network.
2. The coastal region grading double-layer ecological water-retaining slope-fixing greening substrate is characterized by comprising, by weight, 20-30 parts of coconut fibers, 10-20 parts of flax fibers, 40-50 parts of natural soil, 2-4 parts of gypsum, 0.5-1 part of a water-retaining agent, 2-3 parts of fulvic acid, 1-2 parts of a binder, 10-15 parts of a fertilizer, 5-7 parts of polyacrylamide, 3-5 parts of zeolite, 3-5 parts of bentonite, 8-12 parts of seeds and 25-35 parts of water.
3. The coastal region grading double-layer ecological water-retaining slope-fixing greening base material is characterized in that the bottom fiber network is formed by constructing a main stressed skeleton by coconut fibers with the diameter of not less than 200 mu m and the length of not less than 10cm, carrying out secondary winding by flax fibers with the length of not less than 100 mu m, and forming a communicated macroporous network with the equivalent aperture of 0.5 mm-2.0 mm after spray seeding and solidification.
4. The coastal region grading double-layer ecological water-retaining slope-fixing greening substrate is characterized by comprising, by weight, 30-40 parts of wood fiber, 20-30 parts of bamboo fiber, 5-10 parts of alginate fiber, 40-50 parts of natural soil, 1-2 parts of gypsum, 0.5-1 part of a water-retaining agent, 2-3 parts of fulvic acid, 1-2 parts of a binder, 10-12 parts of a fertilizer, 8-12 parts of seeds and 20-25 parts of water.
5. The coastal region grading double-layer ecological water-retaining slope-fixing greening base material is characterized in that the surface layer fiber network is formed by compounding wood fibers with the diameter of not more than 50 mu m, bamboo fibers with the diameter of not more than 100 mu m and seaweed fibers with the diameter of 20-50 mu m, and the seaweed fibers are filled in micropores formed by overlapping the wood fibers and the bamboo fibers after absorbing water and swelling to form a micro capillary pore network with the equivalent pore diameter of 0.01-0.1 mm.
6. The coastal region grading double-layer ecological water-retaining slope-fixing greening substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the water-retaining agent is a polyacrylate high molecular polymer, and after water absorption, the water-retaining agent expands in volume and forms a continuous gel state structure, and is composed of a mixture of acrylic acid, nanocellulose crystal-g-polyacrylamide and a cross-linking agent according to a mass ratio of 1.02.0.00025, and the cross-linking agent is polyethyleneimine, so that the water-retaining capacity of the substrate is improved and the water evaporation is reduced.
7. The coastal region grading double-layer ecological water-retention slope-fixing and greening substrate according to any one of claims 2-5, wherein: The gypsum is used for neutralizing sodium ions in the salinized soil and enhancing the salinization resistance of the base material; The fulvic acid is humic acid derivative with higher mineralization degree, can reduce the plant stomata opening degree, inhibit water transpiration, has the ratio of the fulvic acid consumption to water of 1:25, and requires that the fulvic acid content of a solid product is more than or equal to 95%; the adhesive is polyvinyl alcohol and is used for improving the adhesiveness of the mixture and the stability on a side slope; the fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.4:1.3.
8. The coastal region grading double-layer ecological water-retention slope-fixing greening substrate according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the seeds in the substrate comprise one or more of bermuda grass, grass of common achyranthes and cogongrass.
9. A coastal region graded double-layer ecological water-retention slope-fixing and greening substrate according to any one of claims 2-3, wherein: the montmorillonite content in the bentonite is more than 90%.
10. A spray seeding method of a base material, characterized in that a coastal region grading double-layer ecological water-retaining slope-fixing greening base material according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used for carrying out secondary repair spray repair on a bald spot area formed by a coastal slope after typhoons, storm or artificial disturbance, and the method comprises the following steps: The pretreatment of the position of the slope bald spot comprises the steps of cleaning sundries, leveling slope and reinforcing unstable areas; Preparing a spray-seeding base material, namely preparing a bottom base material and a surface base material respectively, wherein the bottom base material comprises a supporting interlocking network formed by coarse fibers and medium fibers, the surface base material comprises a covering compact network formed by fine fibers, and water-retaining agents are added into the bottom base material and the surface base material; Spraying the bottom base material, namely uniformly spraying the bottom base material on the pretreated slope bald spot position by using spraying equipment, ensuring that the base material is fully contacted with the slope and forms preliminary fixation, wherein the spraying thickness is 3cm; spraying the surface layer substrate, namely after the primary solidification of the bottom layer substrate, uniformly spraying the surface layer substrate on the solidified bottom layer substrate by using spraying equipment to form a final vegetation growth medium, wherein the spraying thickness is 2cm; and (3) covering and protecting, namely covering and protecting the spraying area by using non-woven fabrics after the spraying is finished, reducing water evaporation and preventing seeds from being blown away by wind.

Description

Coastal region grading double-layer ecological water-retaining slope-fixing greening base material and spray seeding method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of slope re-greening engineering, in particular to a coastal region grading double-layer ecological water-retaining slope-fixing re-greening base material and a spray seeding method. Background With the acceleration of coastal region infrastructure construction, exposed slopes formed by projects such as ports, highways, dykes and the like face serious ecological problems. The factors of special high salt fog, strong typhoon, seasonal heavy rain, water flooding of underground salinized water and the like in coastal environment lead to the aggravation of salinization of side slope soil, nutrient loss and loose structure. The traditional spray-seeding base material has obvious defects of firstly inhibiting plant seed germination by high salinity and damaging the water absorption performance of the water-retaining agent, secondly, easily flushing the base material by strong rainfall and typhoon to cause peeling of a fiber layer and failure of vegetation coverage, and thirdly, causing soil hardening by sodium ion enrichment in saline soil to further prevent plant root system development. These problems cause the phenomenon of 'short-term re-greening and long-term degradation' after the coastal side slope is re-greened, and even secondary water and soil loss is caused. The existing spray seeding technology is applied to common slope restoration, but has insufficient suitability for coastal environments. In the vegetation concrete spraying process, the condition that the base material is not uniformly stirred possibly exists, so that the cement content of the slope surface part area is higher after the spraying is finished, and the plant growth is seriously influenced. The sunlight time in partial areas is too long, the water evaporation capacity is large, the plants are seriously lack of water, and the water is the cause of baldness on the side slope. The patent CN103664325A discloses a preparation method of a flexible molecular film spray-seeding greening substrate and spray-seeding, and the polyvinyl alcohol added by the invention is transversely and longitudinally arranged in the substrate to form a plurality of layers of uniformly dispersed molecular films after short dehydration, so that the moisture of the substrate can be effectively locked, the rain wash resistance of the substrate is enhanced, the strength of the substrate is increased, and the substrate is effectively prevented from falling off. However, the spraying and seeding of the base material is divided into dry spraying and wet spraying, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol is required to be independently conveyed at a spray head, the spraying mode is complicated, the water absorption of the water-retaining agent is reduced by more than 50% when the salinity is higher than 0.3%, and the problem of improvement of the saline soil is not solved; The patent CN102986418B discloses a spray-seeding base material for a south side slope and a preparation method thereof, and the spray-seeding base material has the advantages of wide application range, erosion resistance, water and soil loss resistance, fast revegetation of the slope protection, high construction speed, high efficiency and low construction cost. But the substrate cannot substantially reduce evaporation and loss of substrate moisture. Some base materials have poor structural stability and are easy to run off under the action of rain wash or wind power, so that the fixation of plant root systems is affected; The patent CN120794423A discloses a composite base material for ecological slope protection, a preparation method thereof and a slope protection method, wherein the water-absorbing polymer material is introduced into a soil system by the spray-seeding base material to improve the water holding capacity, and the material generally forms a continuous phase on the surface of soil particles after absorbing water, thereby playing a certain role in cementing or solidifying soil. However, the above-mentioned cemented structure taking soil particles as the main material is easy to cause the rigidification of the whole spray-seeding layer and the decrease of the connectivity of the pores under the condition of strong rainfall or salt fog, thereby affecting the slow-release regulation of moisture and the normal growth of plant root systems, and the risk of local stripping or whole instability of the spray-seeding layer under the condition of strong wind and heavy rain flushing in coastal areas is still present. Aiming at the defects of the prior art, a hierarchical double-layer ecological water-retaining slope-fixing greening base material in coastal areas and a spray seeding method are needed. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a coastal region grading double-layer ecological water-retaining slope-fixing green