CN-122004100-A - Rice planting method and field structure thereof

CN122004100ACN 122004100 ACN122004100 ACN 122004100ACN-122004100-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, and discloses a rice planting method and a field structure thereof. The field structure comprises a ridge and a paddy field main body, wherein the paddy field main body is provided with a plurality of drainage ditches and a paddy rice planting groove for planting paddy rice, the paddy rice planting groove comprises a groove wall, a planting groove shoulder and a planting groove bottom surface for planting paddy rice, the planting groove bottom surface is lower than the field surface, the depth of the drainage ditches is larger than that of the paddy rice planting groove, and the drainage ditches are communicated with the paddy rice planting groove. The invention systematically solves the problems of lodging, shallow root system, fertilizer application loss, soil hypoxia and the like in rice cultivation by constructing a three-dimensional planting space with deep ditches, low ditches and high shoulders and combining with technologies such as a micro-ditch induction mechanism and the like.

Inventors

LI YINGJUN
LI ZUZHI
LI ZENING
CAI CAIMEI

Assignees

封开县龙泽农业科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260318

Claims (10)

1. A field structure for rice planting comprises a ridge and a rice field body, and is characterized in that the rice field body is provided with a plurality of rice planting grooves for planting rice, each rice planting groove comprises a groove wall, planting groove shoulders and a planting groove bottom surface for planting rice, and the planting groove bottom surface is lower than the field surface.
2. The field structure for rice planting according to claim 1, wherein the rice field body is provided with a plurality of drainage ditches and rice planting grooves for planting rice, the depth of the drainage ditches is larger than that of the rice planting grooves, and the drainage ditches are communicated with the rice planting grooves; preferably, the drainage ditch is arranged in the rice planting groove and/or arranged outside the shoulder of the planting groove, and preferably, the drainage ditch is a rut of a tractor.
3. The field structure for rice planting as defined in claim 2, wherein, The rice field main body is provided with a plurality of planting units which are formed by rice planting grooves, drainage ditches and wide row belts in parallel, wherein the wide row belts are arranged on the outer sides of the drainage ditches; Or the paddy field main body is provided with a plurality of planting units which are formed by arranging drainage ditches, wide-row belts and paddy planting grooves side by side, wherein the drainage ditches and the wide-row belts are arranged in the paddy planting grooves, and the wide-row belts are arranged between the drainage ditches and the paddy planting areas on the bottom surfaces of the planting grooves; The planting units are arranged side by side; Preferably, the surface of the wide row of belts is basically flush with the bottom surface of the planting groove, or the surface of the wide row of belts is basically flush with the surface of the field, or the surface of the wide row of belts is higher than the bottom surface of the planting groove, one side surface of the wide row of belts forms the side wall of the drainage ditch, and the other side surface of the wide row of belts forms the groove wall.
4. A field structure for paddy rice planting comprises a ridge and a paddy field main body, and is characterized in that, The paddy field main body is provided with a plurality of ridge-type wide-row belts, drainage ditches and a paddy planting groove for planting paddy, wherein the paddy planting groove comprises a groove wall and a planting groove bottom surface for planting paddy, the planting groove bottom surface is lower than a field surface, the ridge surface of the wide-row belts is basically flush with the field surface, the depth of the drainage ditches is larger than that of the paddy planting groove, the drainage ditches are communicated with the paddy planting groove, the paddy planting grooves and the wide-row belts are alternately arranged, the drainage ditches comprise agricultural vehicle ruts, and the drainage ditches are arranged between the paddy planting groove and the wide-row belts; Or the paddy field main body is provided with a plurality of ridge-type wide-row belts and a paddy rice planting groove for planting paddy rice, the paddy rice planting groove comprises a groove wall and a planting groove bottom surface for planting paddy rice, the planting groove bottom surface is lower than the field surface, the ridge surfaces of the wide-row belts are basically level with the field surface, and the paddy rice planting groove and the wide-row belts are alternately arranged.
5. The field structure for rice planting according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the bottom surface, the groove wall, the wide row zone and/or the planting groove shoulder are respectively provided with a plurality of grooves for storing fertilizer, ventilation, drainage and/or cracking after field sunning.
6. The field structure for rice planting according to claim 5, wherein the bottom surface of the planting groove is provided with fertilizer storage grooves, preferably, a rice planting area is formed between adjacent fertilizer storage grooves, the bottom surface of the planting groove is provided with ventilation and drainage grooves, and preferably, the ventilation and drainage grooves are arranged between the fertilizer storage grooves.
7. The field structure for rice planting as defined in claim 4, wherein the bottom of the trough wall, the shoulder of the planting trough and/or the wide row belt are provided with air-permeable drainage channels.
8. A method of rice planting wherein the rice is planted in a field structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The rice planting method according to claim 8, wherein the rice planting method comprises the steps of: Step 1, constructing a field structure, namely opening a rice planting groove for planting rice on a rice field main body to form the field structure according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the bottom of a drainage ditch is lower than the bottom surface of the planting groove; Step 2, planting in a groove, namely sowing rice seedlings or rice seeds on the bottom surface of the planting groove, and providing wind-shielding protection for the seedlings by utilizing the groove wall; Regulating and controlling the water level in the drainage ditch and the water level at the bottom of the planting tank, and realizing water management and tillering management at each stage of rice planting by regulating and controlling the water level of the drainage ditch and the water level of the rice planting tank; And 4, root breaking and tillering control, namely tillering or deep loosening soil including planting groove shoulders by using a plow, a rotary cultivator or a soil loosening cutter and/or digging a drainage ditch on a wide row belt, cutting off lateral roots of rice plants, blocking nutrition absorption in a proper amount for a short period to control ineffective tillers, strengthening the plants, preparing for the reportedly rooting of the later-stage rice, spraying nutrient solution for preventing diseases and/or enhancing the plants, and improving the yield.
10. The rice planting method of claim 9, wherein the rice planting method further comprises the steps of: In the step 4, soil including the shoulder of the planting groove is ploughed or deeply loosened by a plough, a rotary cultivator or a soil loosening cutter and/or a drainage ditch is excavated on the wide row belt, and the formed soil is pushed into the rice planting groove and covers the stem base of the rice plant.

Description

Rice planting method and field structure thereof Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a rice planting method and a field structure thereof. Background Rice is one of the main grain crops in China. The existing rice cultivation technology has obvious defects, and is mainly characterized by large lodging risk and unstable yield. Research shows that the rice has shallower root system distribution, longer basal internodes and lower fullness, resulting in weaker lodging resistance. Once lodging occurs, not only is the canopy structure of the population destroyed, resulting in a sharp decrease in photosynthetic rate, but also diseases and sprouting of spikes are initiated, the quality and yield of rice are seriously affected, and mechanical harvesting is difficult. In order to solve the problems of paddy irrigation, ventilation and accurate guiding and rapid nutrient supply, a plurality of cultivation modes of ridging, grooves and armrests appear in the prior art. The existing ridge culture technology is dry land ridge culture or paddy field ridge culture, and most of the existing ridge culture technology adopts modes of planting on ridges and irrigating water in furrows. For example, the prior art discloses a rice planting method in a cold region, which is to plant rice on a ridge, irrigate and discharge the rice by utilizing furrows, another rice ridge-type wet-seed cultivation technology is to directly plant germinated rice on the ridge surface, and the technical scheme of the rice three-free cultivation method in the rice field is to plant rice at the ridge top and the side after ridging in the field. However, the prior art has the disadvantages that 1. The lodging risk is not eradicated, and although ridge culture can improve ventilation, the rice is planted on a higher ridge surface, so that the relative gravity center of the plant is actually raised, and if the root system is not deep pricked, the root system is more easily rooting or stem folding occurs when the root system encounters strong wind. 2. The water and fertilizer utilization rate is low, when the semi-dry type ridge culture is adopted in the prior art, the rice root system is mainly concentrated at the ridge top, and the applied fertilizer effective nutrients are easy to be leached and deposited along with rainwater or irrigation water at the bottom of a furrow far away from the root system, so that the root system is difficult to absorb, and the seedling turning green and tillering are restricted. 3. Soil hardening and hypoxia, which is that the traditional flooding mode is easy to cause soil hardening and poor in ventilation property, and the long-term flooding environment enables the soil to be in a strong reduction state, accumulates harmful reduction substances and inhibits root growth. 3. The traditional rice fertilization mode has the defects that the traditional rice fertilization mode adopts surface broadcast application, so that the fertilizer is easy to run off along with water runoff, serious in volatilization and low in utilization rate, root system growth (root floating) is easy to induce, the lodging risk is further increased, and the problem of deep ventilation and oxygen supply of soil is difficult to solve. 4. The existing rice field structure is characterized in that flatness or simple ditch matching (such as a deep ditch for fish culture) is emphasized, and a composite field structure capable of comprehensively solving the problems of lodging prevention, root directional induction fertilization and deep oxygenation of soil is lacked. In conclusion, how to innovate a field structure and a rice planting method effectively solves the problems of shallow and easy lodging of root systems, large fertilizer loss, deep anoxia of soil, hardening, solidification of minerals and the like in rice cultivation and improves rice yield, and is a technical problem to be solved urgently in the current rice planting field. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a field structure for rice planting in order to overcome the technical problems in the prior art; another object of the present invention is to provide a rice planting method. In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: A field structure for rice planting comprises a ridge and a rice field body, wherein the rice field body is provided with a plurality of rice planting grooves for planting rice, each rice planting groove comprises a groove wall, planting groove shoulders and a planting groove bottom surface for planting rice, and the planting groove bottom surface is lower than the field surface. A field structure of a rice planting method comprises a ridge and a rice field main body, wherein the rice field main body is provided with a plurality of drainage ditches and rice planting grooves for planting rice, each rice planting groove comprises a groove wall, a planting