CN-122004110-A - Crop growth optimization method for soil-atmosphere water cooperative regulation in arid region

Abstract

The invention discloses a crop growth optimization method for soil-atmosphere water cooperative regulation in arid regions, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural growth regulation. The method comprises five steps of early monitoring and threshold setting, soil moisture-salinity cooperative regulation and control, atmosphere moisture-temperature cooperative regulation and control, rhizosphere microorganism-nutrient cooperative activation, real-time feedback and dynamic adjustment, and realizes the coupling operation of moisture replenishment, salinity leaching, high-temperature cooling and microorganism activation by constructing a multidimensional cooperative regulation and control system of a soil-atmosphere-rhizosphere microenvironment. The method solves the problems of salt surface aggregation, high-temperature burn, insufficient microbial activity and the like caused by single regulation and control of water in the prior art, improves the soil water utilization rate and crop stress resistance, realizes the synchronous improvement of crop yield and quality in arid regions, improves the soil ecological environment, and is suitable for field crop planting in arid and semiarid regions.

Inventors

• JIN XIAOHUI
• CHEN WEIWEI
• JING MING
• SONG CHANGJI
• SONG JINGRU
• YANG RUI
• Huo Liqi
• Fan Yumiao
• WANG HUIHUI
• ZHANG MINGQI
• YANG LEI
• JIA QIAN
• XU XUEJIE
• ZHANG HUIMIN
• HU YAWEI

Assignees

• 黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20260128

Claims (8)

1. 1. The crop growth optimization method for the soil-atmosphere water cooperative regulation in arid areas is characterized by comprising the following steps of: Step S1, early-stage monitoring and threshold setting, namely arranging a multi-parameter monitoring network in a crop planting area, wherein the monitoring network comprises a soil moisture content sensor, a soil salinity sensor, an atmospheric temperature humidity sensor, a crop transpiration rate sensor and a rhizosphere microorganism activity monitoring device; step S2, soil moisture-salinity cooperative regulation and control, namely switching a leaching type drip irrigation mode or a soil moisture conservation type drip irrigation mode according to soil moisture content and salinity data; step S3, atmosphere moisture-temperature cooperative regulation and control, namely switching a sun-shading-atomizing cooperative cooling mode, a low-frequency atomizing mode or closing a cooling device according to the atmosphere temperature and crop transpiration rate data; Step S4, rhizosphere microorganism-nutrient synergistic activation, namely applying a microorganism-slow release fertilizer composite preparation to root areas of crops, wherein the composite preparation is formed by mixing a phosphate and potassium dissolving microbial agent, a nitrogen fixing microbial agent and humic acid slow release fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 1:1:3, and the application time is linked with a soil drip irrigation mode; and S5, feeding back and dynamically adjusting in real time, namely acquiring monitoring data every 2 hours, comparing the regulation and control threshold value and dynamically adjusting the regulation and control mode.
2. 2. The method for optimizing crop growth by soil-atmosphere water cooperative regulation in arid regions according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, a regulation threshold is set based on the growth characteristics of target crops, wherein the soil moisture content threshold is 60% -75% of the field water holding capacity, the soil salinity threshold is EC value less than or equal to 3.0dS/m, the atmosphere temperature threshold is 25-32 ℃, and the crop transpiration rate threshold is 3-5 mmol/(m 2, S).
3. 3. The method for optimizing crop growth under the synergistic regulation of soil and atmospheric moisture in arid regions according to claim 1, wherein the drip irrigation mode in step S2 is specifically implemented by drip irrigation in a staged manner, wherein the drip irrigation in the first stage is carried out for 2-3 hours at a flow rate of 0.8-1.0L/(m 2, h), and after an interval of 4-6 hours, the drip irrigation in the second stage is started, and the drip irrigation in the first stage is carried out for 1-2 hours at a flow rate of 0.3-0.5L/(m 2, h).
4. 4. The method for optimizing crop growth under the synergistic regulation of soil and atmospheric moisture in arid regions according to claim 1, wherein the soil moisture conservation drip irrigation mode in the step S2 is specifically implemented by drip irrigation for 2-3 hours at a flow rate of 0.4-0.6L/(m 2, h), and simultaneously adding 0.1% -0.2% of a potassium polyacrylate-humic acid composite water-retaining agent into the drip irrigation water.
5. 5. The crop growth optimization method for the soil-atmosphere water cooperative regulation and control in arid regions is characterized by comprising the specific operation of building a telescopic sunshade net above a crop canopy in the step S3, wherein the sunshade rate is adjusted to 40% -50%, a canopy atomizing device is started, the particle size of atomized water drops is controlled to be 50-100 mu m, and the atomizing frequency is linked with the soil drip irrigation rhythm.
6. 6. The method for optimizing crop growth under synergistic regulation of soil-atmospheric moisture in arid regions according to claim 1, wherein the application amount of the microorganism-slow release fertilizer composite preparation in step S4 is 20-30 kg/mu, and the application is repeated every 15-20 days.
7. 7. The crop growth optimization method for soil-atmosphere water cooperative regulation in arid regions according to claim 1, wherein the specific rule of the dynamic regulation in the step S5 is that when the EC value of soil salinity is lower than a critical threshold value for 3 days continuously, the drip irrigation mode is switched to a soil moisture conservation drip irrigation mode, when the atmospheric temperature is lower than a lower limit of a proper threshold value for 5 days continuously, the sun-shading-atomizing cooperative cooling mode is stopped, and when the transpiration rate of a crop is stabilized within a proper threshold value range and the soil moisture content is sufficient, the drip irrigation frequency is reduced to once every 3-5 days.
8. 8. The method for optimizing crop growth by soil-atmosphere water cooperative regulation in arid regions according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, when soil moisture content is within a proper threshold, after stopping drip irrigation, a mulching film is covered on the soil surface layer, and the mulching film is a perforated biodegradable mulching film with 60% -70% of light transmittance.

Description

Crop growth optimization method for soil-atmosphere water cooperative regulation in arid region Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural growth regulation and control, and particularly relates to a crop growth optimization method for soil-atmosphere water cooperative regulation and control in arid regions. Background In agricultural production, soil nutrient status and microbial community structure are core factors affecting crop growth and development and yield quality. Soil nutrients are used as a material basis for crop growth, the content and the proportion of the soil nutrients determine the nutrient supply of crops, and soil microorganisms indirectly influence the nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency of crops by participating in the processes of material circulation, nutrient conversion, disease inhibition and the like. The synergistic effect of the two is the key for maintaining the soil health and the high and stable yield of crops, but the soil regulation and control method in the prior art has more limitations. The agricultural stress in arid areas is not a single water shortage, but a synergistic superposition of abiotic stresses such as drought, high temperature, salinization and the like, but the prior art only focuses on water regulation and control, and completely ignores the coupling requirement of the stress superposition on the compound damage and regulation measures of crops. Firstly, the coupling effect of soil salt along with water migration is that water-saving irrigation such as drip irrigation is easy to cause surface salt precipitation and surface aggregation of soil surface layer, and the toxic action of salt ions on crop root systems is aggravated by high temperature of the atmosphere, the salt leaching requirement is not synchronously considered in the water regulation and control of the prior art, and the superposition effect of high temperature radiation and water stress is that the high temperature of the atmosphere accelerates the transpiration and water loss of crops, and simultaneously the chlorophyll structure is destroyed, and the sun-shading and cooling measures in the prior art are not cooperated with the water supplementing rhythm of the soil, so that the problem of low efficiency of cooling but water shortage or water supplementing but high temperature burn is solved. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the basic conception of the technical scheme that: a crop growth optimization method for soil-atmosphere water cooperative regulation in arid areas comprises the following steps: Step S1, early-stage monitoring and threshold setting, namely arranging a multi-parameter monitoring network in a crop planting area, wherein the monitoring network comprises a soil moisture content sensor, a soil salinity sensor, an atmospheric temperature humidity sensor, a crop transpiration rate sensor and a rhizosphere microorganism activity monitoring device; step S2, soil moisture-salinity cooperative regulation and control, namely switching a leaching type drip irrigation mode or a soil moisture conservation type drip irrigation mode according to soil moisture content and salinity data; step S3, atmosphere moisture-temperature cooperative regulation and control, namely switching a sun-shading-atomizing cooperative cooling mode, a low-frequency atomizing mode or closing a cooling device according to the atmosphere temperature and crop transpiration rate data; Step S4, rhizosphere microorganism-nutrient synergistic activation, namely applying a microorganism-slow release fertilizer composite preparation to root areas of crops, wherein the composite preparation is formed by mixing a phosphate and potassium dissolving microbial agent, a nitrogen fixing microbial agent and humic acid slow release fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 1:1:3, and the application time is linked with a soil drip irrigation mode; and S5, feeding back and dynamically adjusting in real time, namely acquiring monitoring data every 2 hours, comparing the regulation and control threshold value and dynamically adjusting the regulation and control mode. In the step S1, a regulation threshold is set based on the growth characteristics of target crops, wherein the soil suitable soil moisture content threshold is 60% -75% of the field water holding capacity, the soil salinity critical threshold is EC value less than or equal to 3.0dS/m, the atmospheric suitable temperature threshold is 25-32 ℃, and the crop transpiration rate suitable threshold is 3-5 mmol/(m 2, S). As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drip irrigation mode in the step S2 is specifically implemented by drip irrigation in a staged manner, wherein the first stage is drip-irrigated at a flow rate of 0.8-1.0L/(m2, seed h) for 2-3h, and after an interval of 4-6h, the second stage is started to drip-irrigate at a flow rate of 0.3-0.5L/(m2, seed h