CN-122004120-A - Distant hybridization cultivation method for hexaploid common wheat disease-resistant and stress-resistant variety

Abstract

The invention discloses a distant hybridization cultivation method of a hexaploid common wheat disease-resistant and stress-resistant variety, which comprises the following steps of parent screening and determination, hybridization pollination and seed setting promotion, hybrid embryo rescue and test tube seedling cultivation, molecular marker assisted screening, homozygous stabilization and comprehensive character identification, and relates to the technical field of agricultural crop breeding. The distant hybridization cultivation method of the hexaploid common wheat disease-resistant and stress-resistant variety reaches the clear and controllable parent screening standard, hybridization and embryo rescue parameters, molecular marker screening system and the like, can be popularized to other wheat distant hybridization breeding scenes, provides a standardized technical paradigm for improving wheat characters by using superior genes of related species such as rye and the like, and widens the genetic basis and resource utilization range of wheat breeding.

Inventors

• LIU JIANJUN
• LI FAJI
• LV YINGYING
• GONG WENPING
• ZHAI SHENGNAN
• LI HAOSHENG
• CAO XINYOU
• LIU CHENG
• SONG JIANMIN
• LIU AIFENG
• CHENG DUNGONG
• GUO JUN

Assignees

• 山东省农业科学院作物研究所

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20260211

Claims (5)

1. 1. A distant hybridization cultivation method of hexaploid common wheat disease-resistant and stress-resistant varieties is characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1, parent screening and determining, namely selecting hexaploid common wheat as a female parent, wherein the female parent volume weight is more than or equal to 780g/L, the wet gluten content is more than or equal to 32%, and the stabilization time is more than or equal to 10min; Step 2, hybridization pollination and fructification promotion, namely immediately bagging and isolating female parent after manual emasculation treatment, collecting fresh mature pollen of male parent for repeated artificial pollination when pistils enter a full bloom stage, spraying a mixed solution of auxin and gibberellin with mass concentration of 25-35mg/L to female parent wheat ears after pollination is completed, bagging again for moisturizing, controlling the temperature of pollination and subsequent culture environment at 19-23 ℃, and keeping the relative humidity at 65-75%; Step 3, the young hybrid embryo is saved and the test-tube plantlet is cultivated, namely, the young hybrid embryo is dissected from female parent wheat ears 15-17 days after pollination, the young hybrid embryo is screened, spherical to heart-shaped embryo is inoculated to an improved MS culture medium, the culture is firstly carried out in a dark environment at 22-24 ℃ for 12-15 days, then the culture is carried out in a constant temperature environment with the illumination intensity of 280-320 mu mol/m -2 *s -1 and the illumination duration of 13-15h/d for 12-14 days, and the test-tube plantlet of hybrid F 1 is obtained; The modified MS culture medium is added with 0.6-1.2mg/L of 6-benzylaminopurine, 0.52mg/L of naphthylacetic acid and 2.0g/L of activated carbon; And 4, carrying out 4-5-generation selfing homozygosity on the excellent single plants obtained by screening, carrying out single plant bagging selfing on each generation, recording agronomic characters, synchronously carrying out field disease resistance artificial inoculation identification, cold resistance stress resistance identification and quality detection, eliminating character separated plants and degraded plants, and finally obtaining the hexaploid common wheat variety with high quality, strong tendons, stable disease resistance and stress resistance and good high yield.
2. 2. The distant hybridization cultivation method of hexaploid common wheat disease-resistant and stress-resistant varieties is characterized in that in the step 2, the artificial emasculation adopts a glume-cutting emasculation method, pollination is completed within 24-36h after emasculation, and a sterile writing brush is adopted to smear pollen in the pollination process, so that heterologous pollen pollution is avoided.
3. 3. The method for distant hybridization cultivation of hexaploid common wheat disease-resistant and stress-resistant variety according to claim 1, wherein the sucrose concentration of the modified MS culture medium in the step 3 is 30-35g/L, the agar concentration is 6.5-7.5g/L, the pH value is adjusted to 5.7-6.0, and the temperature is kept at 23+ -1 ℃ in both the dark culture and the light culture stages.
4. 4. The distant hybridization cultivation method of hexaploid common wheat disease-resistant and stress-resistant varieties is characterized in that in the step 4, the field disease resistance is identified by adopting a gradient concentration pathogen inoculation method, the concentration of powdery mildew inoculated spores is 8 multiplied by 10 5 -1.2×10 6 spores/mL, stripe rust is by adopting a spray inoculation method, banded sclerotial blight is by adopting a sclerotial soil inoculation method, and the disease condition is investigated 25 days after inoculation.
5. 5. The distant hybridization cultivation method of hexaploid common wheat disease-resistant and stress-resistant varieties, which is characterized in that cold-resistant and stress-resistant identification in the step 4 adopts artificial simulation of low-temperature stress, simulation of-14 to-16 ℃ low-temperature treatment for 24-30h in the overwintering period, simulation of 0-2 ℃ low-temperature treatment for 48h in the cold-in-spring period, investigation of plant survival rate and fruiting rate after treatment, and single plants with the survival rate of more than or equal to 90% and fruiting rate of more than or equal to 85% are brought into subsequent screening.

Description

Distant hybridization cultivation method for hexaploid common wheat disease-resistant and stress-resistant variety Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural crop breeding, in particular to a distant hybridization cultivation method of a hexaploid common wheat disease-resistant and stress-resistant variety. Background Wheat is one of the important grain crops in China, and occupies a key position in guaranteeing grain safety, promoting agricultural production and supporting national economic development. Along with the upgrading of flour processing industry and the diversification of market demands, high-quality strong gluten wheat is an important direction of wheat breeding due to the fact that the high-quality strong gluten wheat is suitable for the processing demands of high-end products such as bread, stretched noodles and the like. At present, developed countries mainly use high-quality bread wheat breeding as a core, and the competitive advantage of the wheat is consolidated in international high-quality wheat trade by continuously improving the quality of varieties. However, the breeding of high-quality strong-gluten wheat in China faces a plurality of bottlenecks, the existing bred varieties generally have the problem of weak disease resistance and stress resistance, disasters such as freezing injury, cold in winter, and the like, diseases such as powdery mildew, stripe rust, banded sclerotial blight and the like frequently occur, the high yield and stable yield of the varieties are seriously influenced, and meanwhile, the high-quality strong-gluten wheat is deficient in resources and narrow in genetic foundation of the bred varieties, the breakthrough progress of breeding work is further restricted, and the three core targets of high quality, multiple resistance and high yield are difficult to consider. Distant hybridization is an effective breeding way for widening the genetic basis of wheat and introducing excellent genes of related species, rye is an important crop of gramineous wheat family, and a chromosome set of rye carries abundant excellent genes of disease resistance, cold resistance, stress resistance and the like, so that the wheat is a precious resource for improving the stress resistance character of common wheat. However, the conventional distant hybridization breeding technology of wheat and rye has various limitations, such as low hybridization setting rate, easy abortion of hybrid immature embryos, unstable chromosome doubling success rate and the like, which leads to long breeding period, and meanwhile, the lack of accurate target gene screening means is difficult to efficiently track excellent genes of rye sources, and the phenomenon of character separation or excellent character loss is easy to occur, so that the difficulty of cultivating new varieties of wheat with high-quality strong tendons and multiple resistances through distant hybridization is extremely high, and a breeding technology system needs to be optimized to break through the bottleneck. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme that the distant hybridization cultivation method of the hexaploid common wheat disease-resistant and stress-resistant variety comprises the following steps: Selecting high-quality strong-gluten, stable-agronomic-character and clear-genetic-background hexaploid common wheat as a female parent, wherein the female parent has the volume weight of 780g/L or more, the wet gluten content of 32% or more and the stabilizing time of 10min or more, is suitable for planting in winter wheat areas in north, and selecting diploid rye with a chromosome group of RR as a male parent, wherein the male parent has high powdery mildew resistance, stripe rust resistance and banded sclerotial blight resistance, has cold resistance of more than 2 levels and has strong capability of resisting cold in spring and cold; Step 2, hybridization pollination and fructification promotion, namely immediately bagging and isolating female parent after manual emasculation treatment, collecting fresh mature pollen of male parent for uniform artificial pollination when pistils enter a full bloom stage, spraying a mixed solution of auxin and gibberellin with mass concentration of 25-35mg/L to female parent wheat ears after pollination is completed, bagging again for moisturizing, controlling the temperature of pollination and subsequent culture environment at 19-23 ℃, and keeping the relative humidity at 65-75%; Step 3, the young hybrid embryo is saved and the test-tube plantlet is cultivated, namely, the young hybrid embryo is dissected from female parent wheat ears 15-17 days after pollination, spherical to heart-shaped embryo which is strong in development is screened and inoculated to an improved MS culture medium, the culture medium is firstly placed in a dark environment at 22-24 ℃ for 12-15 days, then the