CN-122004153-A - Ecological mandarin fish culture method based on natural breeding of bait fish

Abstract

The invention relates to a mandarin fish ecological breeding method based on natural breeding of bait fish, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. The invention takes the crayfish culture pond or the river crab culture pond as the mandarin fish ecological culture pond, and plants waterweed with coverage rate more than 30 percent. The method skillfully utilizes the propagation and growth characteristics of the native crucian, puts the native crucian in 11 months of the previous year to 1 month of the next year, utilizes the residual feed and the excrement for culturing the crayfish or the river crab to provide food for the crucian, and provides perching and molting places for the crayfish or the river crab, provides spawning places for the crucian, simultaneously purifies water quality and forms a stable ecological system. And large-size mandarin fish fries are put in the middle and late 5 months of the next year, natural breeding of crucian is realized, continuous and palatable living bait fishes are provided for the mandarin fish, an efficient ecological circulation system is formed, and rapid growth of the mandarin fish is promoted. The water quality improver and the fishing medicine are used in zero amount, and mandarin fish, crayfish or river crab and crucian are harvested in autumn.

Inventors

• SU SHIPING
• LI JUNQING
• ZHAI GUANGHONG
• Fei Guangbing
• LI XILEI
• SONG CAIXIA
• SHU WEI
• XIE QIMING
• CHEN ZHEN
• Lei Peican

Assignees

• 安徽农业大学
• 安徽达维水产养殖有限公司

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20260210

Claims (3)

1. 1. The mandarin fish ecological breeding method based on native crucian natural breeding is characterized by comprising the following operation steps: (1) Native crucian delivery management Throwing native crucian into a pond planted with aquatic weeds from 11 months in the previous year to 1 month in the next year; The pond is a crayfish culture pond or a river crab culture pond without a loop; coverage rate of aquatic weed in the pond is more than 30%; the feeding density of the native crucian is 20-25 kg/mu, and the specification is less than 60 g/tail; feeding compound feed according to the growth requirement of main crayfish or the growth requirement of river crab, wherein the feeding amount does not comprise feeding native crucian, and the crucian ingests residual bait of crayfish or river crab and other aquatic organisms; Naturally breeding native crucian carp in the aquatic weed in the pond until the last 3-5 months of the year to generate crucian carp fries; (2) Mandarin fish fry throwing In the middle and late 5 months of the next year, mandarin fish fries are put into the pond, so that the crucian fries are used as main living baits of mandarin fish; the mandarin fish fries are put into the fish with the density of 120-150 tails/mu and the specification of 7-9 cm; (3) Cultivation management Feeding compound feed according to the growth requirement of main crayfish or the growth requirement of river crab, and synchronously harvesting the mandarin fish, crayfish or river crab and crucian in autumn without additionally feeding special bait fish or compound feed for mandarin fish.
2. 2. The method for ecologically culturing mandarin fish based on native crucian carp of claim 1, wherein in the step (3), oxygenation equipment is started in the morning and evening in a summer high-temperature season to keep the dissolved oxygen of water body at more than 6.0 mg/L.
3. 3. The method for ecologically breeding mandarin fish based on native crucian according to claim 2, wherein the oxygenation equipment is a waterwheel type aerator or a micropore aerator, and the power of the equipment is 1.0-1.5 kilowatts/mu.

Description

Ecological mandarin fish culture method based on natural breeding of bait fish Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a culture method for realizing efficient ecological co-culture of mandarin fish, crayfish and crucian by utilizing the advantages of aboard crucian, such as miscellaneous feeding, rapid gonad development, long spawning period and multi-batch spawning, and providing a sufficient amount of palatable living bait fish for mandarin fish. Background The mandarin fish is a rare freshwater carnivorous fish, the meat is delicious, and the market demand is large. Because mandarin fish has the preference of feeding live bait fish, traditional mandarin fish pond culture mainly relies on feeding live bait fish (such as dace, silver carp and the like), the bait fish needs to be cultured in a pond with a large proportion of area (bait fish pond: mandarin fish pond=4:1-5:1) or purchased from outside, the culture cost and the transportation cost are increased, the supply is unstable, the exteriorized bait fish possibly carries pathogens, the morbidity risk in mandarin fish culture is increased, and the labor intensity is high. Therefore, intercropping and mixed culture modes of various culture ponds appear. The density of the current crayfish or river crab pond intercropping mandarin fish is extremely low and generally not more than 10-15 fish/mu, mass production cannot be formed, and the economic effect is low, and the high-density pond polyculture mode of more than 100 fish/mu is achieved, and the growth of the cultured bait fish is unpalatable, so that the bait fish fries need to be manually fed in the later stage of culture. The native crucian has strong adaptability, omnivora, strong natural reproductive capacity, early gonad development, multi-batch spawning and long spawning period, and no natural enemies in the shrimp and crab ponds, and is extremely easy to form dominant species, thereby competing with shrimps and crabs for food and oxygen, affecting the growth and yield of the shrimps and crabs and increasing the shrimp and crab culture cost. The conventional treatment mode is to kill native crucian with the drug in the pond, but the water ecology is destroyed, the drug residue risk exists, and the potential safety hazard of the quality of the aquatic products exists. Disclosure of Invention In order to realize low-cost mass production of mandarin fish, and simple and convenient management, and ecology and environmental protection, the invention provides a mandarin fish ecological breeding method based on natural breeding of bait fish. The mandarin fish ecological breeding method of the invention skillfully utilizes the propagation and growth characteristics of the native crucian, and the native crucian is put in to be naturally propagated, thereby providing continuous and palatable living bait fish for the mandarin fish, forming a high-efficiency ecological circulation system and promoting the rapid growth of the mandarin fish. The mandarin fish ecological breeding operation steps based on native crucian natural breeding are as follows: (1) Native crucian delivery management Throwing native crucian into a pond planted with aquatic weeds from 11 months in the previous year to 1 month in the next year; The pond is a crayfish culture pond or a river crab culture pond; coverage rate of aquatic weed in the pond is more than 30%; the feeding density of the native crucian is 20-25 kg/mu, and the specification is less than 60 g/tail; feeding compound feed according to the growth requirement of main-cultured crayfish or river crab, wherein the feeding amount does not comprise feeding native crucian, and the crucian ingests residual bait of crayfish or river crab and other aquatic organisms; The native crucian is naturally bred in the aquatic grass in the pond until the last 3-5 months of the year, so that the crucian fries are produced, and the residual baits of the shrimps and crabs or the aquatic organisms rapidly bred in spring provide sufficient baits for the crucian fries, thereby realizing natural breeding of the crucian fries; (2) Mandarin fish fry throwing In the middle and late 5 months of the next year, mandarin fish fries are put into the pond, so that the crucian fries are used as main living baits of mandarin fish; the mandarin fish fries are put into the fish with the density of 120-150 tails/mu and the specification of 7-9 cm; (3) Cultivation management Feeding compound feed according to the growth requirement of main crayfish or the growth requirement of river crab, and synchronously harvesting the mandarin fish, crayfish or river crab and crucian in autumn without additionally feeding special bait fish or compound feed for mandarin fish. The further technical scheme is as follows: in the step (3), the oxygenation equipment is started in the morning and evening in the high-temperature season in summer to keep the dissolved ox