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CN-122004154-A - Mixed culture system for high-yield carp crayfish in cold region pond

CN122004154ACN 122004154 ACN122004154 ACN 122004154ACN-122004154-A

Abstract

A cold region pond high-yield carp and crayfish polyculture system relates to a cold region pond high-yield carp and crayfish polyculture system, and belongs to the technical fields of biological behavior ecology and aquaculture. The invention aims to break through ecological constraint of special habitat in cold regions on crayfish and solve the problem of economic benefit bottleneck of the main culture pond for the carp in the cold regions. The system comprises a carp feeding area, an annular submerged plant zone and a crayfish main culture area, wherein the area ratio of the carp feeding area to the annular submerged plant zone to the crayfish main culture area is (1-1.5): (0.5-1.0): (10.5-9.5). The invention not only solves the economic benefit bottleneck of the main carp raising pond, but also breaks through the survival dilemma of crayfish, and also is used for domesticating ecological constraints caused by special habitat in cold areas.

Inventors

  • JIA ZHIYING
  • LI CHITAO
  • ZHAO XINYU
  • HU XUESONG
  • JIANG XIAONA
  • GE YANLONG
  • SHI XIAODAN
  • Di Yaxin

Assignees

  • 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260305

Claims (9)

  1. 1. The high-yield carp and crayfish polyculture system in the cold region pond is characterized by comprising a carp feeding area, an annular submerged plant zone and a crayfish main culture area, wherein the area ratio of the carp feeding area to the annular submerged plant zone to the crayfish main culture area is (1-1.5): (0.5-1.0): (10.5-9.5); the carp feeding area is a circular water area with the diameter of 8.4+/-0.3 m, a gentle slope area, a steep slope area and a crayfish main culture area are sequentially arranged in the outward extending direction of the carp feeding area, and an annular submerged plant belt is positioned at the junction of the gentle slope area and the steep slope area; The average depth of the carp feeding zone is 1.8m, the gradient ratio of the gentle slope zone is 1:10-1:20, the average depth of the annular submerged plant zone is 1.2m, the gradient ratio of the abrupt slope zone is 1:1.2-1:5, and the depth of the crayfish main culture zone is 0.8m; A 3-meter square corrugated net is arranged at the bottom of the carp bait casting area, and the corrugated net has a sine wave crest and trough structure with the wave height of 15+/-1 cm and the wave length of 50 cm; The annular submerged plant zone accounts for dynamic increase along with the number of cultivation days, and the increasing rate meets the following conditions that when the number of cultivation days is less than or equal to 30 days, the occupied area is 5.0% of a standard value, the daily increase is 0.04-0.06% within 30-90 days, and the increase after 90 days is less than or equal to 0.03%; The thickness of the flat-bottom silt layer at the bottom of the crayfish main culture area is 20cm, and palm slice crayfish nests with the aperture of 3cm are arranged on the flat-bottom silt layer.
  2. 2. The high-yield carp crayfish polyculture system in a cold region pond according to claim 1, wherein the area ratio of the carp feeding area, the submerged plant zone and the crayfish main culture area is 1:1:10.
  3. 3. The cold region pond high yield carp crayfish polyculture system of claim 1, wherein said palm sheet craps are put in 100 per mu.
  4. 4. The cold region pond high-yield carp and crayfish polyculture system is characterized in that the annular submerged plant is composed of 60% of core water purification functional seeds and 40% of auxiliary ecological seeds, the row spacing is 40cm, the core water purification functional seeds are one or two of gynura divaricata, gynura divaricata and gynura divaricata, and the auxiliary ecological seeds are one or two of gynura divaricata, goldfish algae and foxtail with ear flower; transplanting the annular submerged plant with plant bud rootstock at the water temperature of 4-6 ℃ in the initial stage of ice melting, and periodically trimming to maintain the plant coverage of 60-70%.
  5. 5. The cold pond high-yield carp and crayfish polyculture system is characterized in that the annular submerged plant zone plant adopts a three-dimensional configuration mode of taking 60% of the submerged plant zone plant of the gynura bicolor and the gynura bicolor as main skeletons, taking 30% of the submerged plant zone plant of the black algae of the wheel blade and taking 10% of the submerged plant zone plant of the goldfish algae to dynamically supplement, and the submerged plant zone plant row spacing is 40cm; transplanting the annular submerged plant with plant bud rootstock at the water temperature of 4-6 ℃ in the initial stage of ice melting, and periodically trimming to maintain the plant coverage of 60-70%.
  6. 6. The system for polyculture of high-yield carp crayfish in a pond in cold region according to claim 1, wherein the annular submerged plant zone plant is composed of potamogeton crispus and black algae on the leaf blade, and the row spacing is 40cm.
  7. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the water caltrop is selected from the group consisting of Eichhornia crassipes, eichhornia crassipes and Eichhornia crassipes.
  8. 8. The cold region pond high yield carp crayfish polyculture system of claim 1, wherein the density of the annular submerged plants is 5 clusters/m 2, and the plant height is less than or equal to 50cm.
  9. 9. The cold pond high yield carp crayfish polyculture system of claim 1, wherein the annular submerged plant zone is provided with a PE net adjacent to the carp feeding region side.

Description

Mixed culture system for high-yield carp crayfish in cold region pond Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a high-yield carp and crayfish polyculture system in a cold region pond. Background In the cold region of China, carps serve as traditional main fish culture to support the pond culture industry for a long time, but the severe ecological benefit bottleneck is faced for many years, wherein the feed cost is more than 60% of the total investment of breakthrough culture, and the mu average profit is continuously loitered for many years under 2000 yuan due to price fluctuation. Meanwhile, the crayfish cultivation in cold regions is used as a new direction for local industry upgrading and is in a rough exploration stage, namely, a farmer generally adopts a southern mode of 'high feeding-close stocking' for resisting insufficient accumulated temperature, and double crisis is caused, namely, on one hand, after the overfed fermentation materials are submerged (the microbial activity of the water body in the cold regions is only 1/4 of that in the south), a pollution layer is formed, metabolic loss is greatly increased, the shrimp body quality is reduced, and on the other hand, the special cold region pond habitat is greatly improved, and on the other hand, the cost of the baits is far higher than the normal value of 30% -40% in the south due to overreliance on manual feeding. How to construct a polyculture mode by utilizing the complementary characteristics of the ecological niches of the carps and the crayfish is an effective way for realizing the efficient utilization of the carp culture pond in the cold region. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to break through ecological constraints of special habitats in cold regions on crayfish, solve the technical problem of economic benefit bottleneck of a main culture pond for the carp in the cold regions, and provide a high-yield crayfish polyculture system for the carp in the cold regions. The high-yield carp and crayfish polyculture system in the cold region pond comprises a carp feeding area, an annular submerged plant zone and a crayfish main culture area, wherein the area ratio of the carp feeding area to the annular submerged plant zone to the crayfish main culture area is (1-1.5): (0.5-1.0): (10.5-9.5); the carp feeding area is a circular water area with the diameter of 8.4+/-0.3 m, a gentle slope area, a steep slope area and a crayfish main culture area are sequentially arranged in the outward extending direction of the carp feeding area, and an annular submerged plant belt is positioned at the junction of the gentle slope area and the steep slope area; The average depth of the carp feeding zone is 1.8m, the gradient ratio of the gentle slope zone is 1:10-1:20, the average depth of the annular submerged plant zone is 1.2m, the gradient ratio of the abrupt slope zone is 1:1.2-1:5, and the depth of the crayfish main culture zone is 0.8m; A 3-meter square corrugated net is arranged at the bottom of the carp bait casting area, and the corrugated net has a sine wave crest and trough structure with the wave height of 15+/-1 cm and the wave length of 50 cm; the ratio of the submerged plant belt is dynamically increased along with the number of cultivation days, and the increasing rate meets the following conditions that when the number of cultivation days is less than or equal to 30 days, the ratio of the submerged plant belt is 5.0% of a reference value of the ratio area, the submerged plant belt is increased by 0.04-0.06% every day within 30-90 days, and the increasing rate after 90 days is less than or equal to 0.03%; The thickness of the flat-bottom silt layer at the bottom of the crayfish main culture area is 20cm, and palm slice shrimp nests (imitating natural shrimp cavities) with the aperture of 3cm are arranged on the flat-bottom silt layer. Further, the area ratio of the carp feeding area to the submerged plant area to the crayfish main culture area is 1:1:10. Further, 100 palm slice shrimp nests are put in per mu. Further, the annular submerged plant is composed of 60% of core water purification functional seeds and 40% of auxiliary ecological seeds, the row spacing is 40cm, the core water purification functional seeds are one or two of gynura divaricata, gynura divaricata and gynura divaricata, and the auxiliary ecological seeds are one or two of gynura divaricata, goldfish and Alternaria sui; Further, transplanting the annular submerged plant with the plant bud rhizome under the condition that the water temperature is 4-6 ℃ in the initial stage of ice melting, and periodically trimming to maintain the plant coverage of 60-70%. Further, the annular submerged plant belt plant adopts a three-dimensional configuration mode of taking the gynura bicolor and the gynura bicolor accounting for 60% of the submerged plant belt plant as main frameworks, taking the black algae of the wheel blades accou