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CN-122004175-A - Trichogramma gradient release method with diffusion and detention

CN122004175ACN 122004175 ACN122004175 ACN 122004175ACN-122004175-A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of biological control of agriculture and forestry, in particular to a trichogramma gradient release method taking both diffusion and detention into account, which solves the problems of uneven release, short detention time, low parasitic efficiency and the like of the existing trichogramma. The method comprises the steps of firstly preparing three degradable gradient slow release carriers with different slow release speeds, dividing a control area into a center area, a transition area and a peripheral area, configuring a composite auxiliary retention system containing pest sex pheromone and a micro-humidity control module, accurately matching the carriers with the areas, releasing the carriers in 2-3 stages according to the release amount of 5:3:2 in the egg period of the pests, adopting unmanned aerial vehicle for auxiliary release, and continuously controlling humidity and an attractant after release. The invention realizes the ordered gradient diffusion of trichogramma, prolongs the retention time of trichogramma in a target area to 5-7 days, greatly improves the parasitic rate of eggs, has degradable carrier, no residue, simple and convenient operation and wide applicability, and is suitable for green prevention and control of lepidoptera pests of various crops.

Inventors

  • WANG YU
  • ZHANG CHEN
  • CUI JUAN
  • SANG YONGSHENG
  • LIU YUE

Assignees

  • 吉林农业科技学院

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260327

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The trichogramma gradient release method with both diffusion and detention is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) Preparing a gradient slow release carrier, wherein the gradient slow release carrier comprises at least three degradable carriers with different slow release speeds, a containing cavity for containing trichogramma eggs or pupae is arranged in the degradable carriers, ventilation holes are formed in the surfaces of the carriers, the porosity of the ventilation holes is adjusted according to the slow release speed, the porosity of a high slow release speed carrier is lower than that of a medium slow release speed carrier, and the porosity of the medium slow release speed carrier is lower than that of the low slow release speed carrier; (2) Setting a gradient release area, dividing a target control area into a central area, a transition area and a peripheral area, wherein the central area is a pest high-density generation area, the transition area is a pest medium-density generation area, and the peripheral area is a pest low-density generation area or a potential generation area; (3) A composite auxiliary retention system is configured, a pest sex pheromone attractant is added into a containing cavity of the gradient slow-release carrier, a micro-humidity regulation module is arranged outside the carrier, and the micro-humidity regulation module is used for stably controlling the humidity of the surrounding environment of the carrier to 55-75%; (4) Determining the release time and release amount of the gradient, and according to the occurrence prediction of the target pests, releasing the gradient slow release carrier in the stage 2-3 from the early stage to the middle stage of the egg period of the pests, wherein the release amount of the central region is larger than that of the transition region, the release amount of the transition region is larger than that of the peripheral region, and the high slow release carrier corresponds to the central region, the medium slow release carrier corresponds to the transition region and the low slow release carrier corresponds to the peripheral region; (5) And after release, regulating and controlling, periodically checking the working state of the micro-humidity regulating and controlling module, and timely supplementing the attractant to ensure that the humidity around the carrier is stable until trichogrammatid fully eclosion and spread to all parts of the target area.
  2. 2. The method for gradient release of trichogramma with both diffusion and retention according to claim 1, wherein the degradable carrier is one or more selected from polylactic acid, starch-based degradable material and cellulose-based degradable material.
  3. 3. The method for gradient release of trichogramma with both diffusion and retention according to claim 1, wherein the slow release period of the carrier with high slow release speed is 7-10 days, the slow release period of the carrier with medium slow release speed is 4-6 days, and the slow release period of the carrier with low slow release speed is 1-3 days.
  4. 4. The method for gradient release of trichogramma with both diffusion and retention according to claim 1, wherein the insect sex pheromone attractant is one or more selected from the group consisting of prodenia litura sex pheromone, beet armyworm sex pheromone and corn borer sex pheromone, and the adding amount is 0.1-0.5 mg/g carrier.
  5. 5. The trichogramma gradient release method with both diffusion and retention according to claim 1, wherein the micro-humidity control module comprises moisturizing cotton and a slow-release moisturizing capsule, the moisturizing cotton is wrapped outside a carrier, and the slow-release moisturizing capsule is embedded inside the moisturizing cotton and is used for continuously releasing moisture.
  6. 6. The trichogramma gradient release method with both diffusion and retention according to claim 1, wherein the area ratio of the central area to the transition area to the peripheral area is 1:2-3:3-4, and the release amount ratio is 5:3:2.
  7. 7. The trichogramma gradient release method with both diffusion and retention according to claim 1, wherein the first stage of release timing is the initial stage of insect egg period, the second stage is the middle stage of egg period, the release amount is 30-35%, and the third stage is the later stage of egg period, the release amount is 15-20%.
  8. 8. The method for releasing trichogramma by gradient according to claim 1, wherein trichogramma emergence promoter is added in the holding cavity of the gradient slow-release carrier, and the emergence promoter is a mixture of vitamin B group and glucose, and the addition amount is 0.2-0.8 mg per gram of carrier.
  9. 9. The trichogramma gradient release method taking both diffusion and detention into consideration according to claim 1, wherein unmanned aerial vehicles are adopted for auxiliary release, the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicles is 5-15 meters higher than the top end of target crops, the flying speed is adjusted according to the region, and the flying speed of a central region is slower than that of a transition region and a peripheral region.
  10. 10. The method for gradient release of trichogramma with both diffusion and retention according to claim 1, wherein the micro-humidity control module is checked once a day after release, and when the humidity is lower than 55%, the slow-release water supplementing capsule is supplemented to ensure the humidity to be stable.

Description

Trichogramma gradient release method with diffusion and detention Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of biological control of agriculture and forestry, in particular to a trichogramma gradient release method with both diffusion and detention. Background Trichogramma is a parasitic natural enemy insect, is specially parasitic in eggs of lepidoptera pests, can inhibit the population growth of the pests from root by blocking the incubation of the eggs, has the advantages of no pollution, no residue, safety to natural enemies, obvious control effect and the like, and has been widely applied to green control of agricultural and forestry pests. Along with popularization of green agriculture concepts, the application range of trichogramma biological control technology is continuously expanded, but the existing trichogramma release method still has a plurality of defects, so that the control effect is unstable, the parasitic efficiency is to be improved, and the requirements of large-scale and accurate control are difficult to meet. At present, the existing trichogramma releasing method mainly comprises modes of manual spreading, unmanned plane submerged releasing, egg card hanging releasing and the like. The unmanned aerial vehicle submerged release is high in efficiency, belongs to a uniform release mode, does not consider the distribution difference of pests in fields, causes insufficient quantity of trichogrammars in high-density areas of the pests and excessive waste of trichogrammars in low-density areas, and meanwhile, lacks effective detention means after the trichogrammars are released, is easily influenced by factors such as wind power, environmental humidity and the like, quickly diffuses and runs away, cannot continuously exert parasitic effects in target areas, and obviously reduces the prevention and control effects. In the prior art, improvement related to trichogramma release carriers also appears, for example, a cardboard is folded to prepare a bee card carrier, or a water hyacinth is combined to serve as a support carrier, but most of the carriers are of a single structure, have no gradient slow release function, still realize one-time eclosion release, cannot realize staged and gradient diffusion, and cannot realize the combination of a diffusion range and a retention time. Meanwhile, the auxiliary detention means in the existing release method is single, the simple carrier shielding is adopted, the biological attracting and environment regulating technology is not combined, the detention time of trichogramma is short, and a large amount of trichogramma can diffuse out of a target control area 1-2 days after eclosion, so that the pest egg hatching peak period cannot be matched with the trichogramma parasitic peak period accurately, and the parasitic efficiency is further reduced. In addition, the existing trichogramma is released at one time in a fixed time, dynamic changes of pest occurrence periods are not combined for phased regulation, the pest egg period usually lasts for a plurality of days, parasitic targets cannot be found due to the fact that pest eggs are not hatched in a large quantity after the trichogramma released at one time are eclosion, trichogramma resource waste is caused, and parasitic effects cannot be timely exerted due to the fact that the eclosion time of the trichogramma is delayed from the pest egg hatching peak period, and control effects are affected. Meanwhile, the existing release method does not regulate the released environmental conditions, the emergence rate and the survival rate of trichogramma are greatly influenced by the environmental humidity, and when the environmental humidity is too low, the emergence rate of trichogramma is obviously reduced, and the control effect is further influenced. Therefore, the trichogramma release method capable of realizing gradient diffusion of trichogramma, prolonging retention time of a target area, accurately matching pest occurrence period and improving parasitic efficiency is developed, the problems of uneven diffusion, short retention time and unstable control effect in the prior art are solved, and the trichogramma release method becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently in the technical field of current trichogramma biological control. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the defects of uneven diffusion, short retention time of a target area, low parasitic efficiency, unstable control effect, wastage of trichogramma resources and the like in the trichogramma release method in the prior art, and provides the trichogramma gradient release method which combines diffusion and retention, and the ordered gradient diffusion and continuous stable retention of trichogramma in the target control area are realized through the synergistic effect of gradient slow-release carriers, gradient area division, compound auxiliary retention systems and staged release regulation and contro