Search

CN-122004349-A - Preparation process of cold region straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic double-order fermented cattle and sheep feed

CN122004349ACN 122004349 ACN122004349 ACN 122004349ACN-122004349-A

Abstract

A preparation process of straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic double-order fermented cattle and sheep feed in cold regions belongs to the field of feed production and comprises the following steps of firstly pretreating coarse feed, secondly preparing concentrated feed, thirdly preparing mixed feed, fourthly performing aerobic fermentation on the mixed feed, fifth performing aerobic fermentation-anaerobic fermentation on the mixed feed, and sixthly performing anaerobic fermentation on the mixed feed and subpackaging the mixed feed to obtain a finished feed product. The invention adopts an aerobic-anaerobic double-stage fermentation mode and combines the integrative synergistic effect of bacteria and enzymes, thereby remarkably improving the degradation rate and the nutrition conversion rate of straw fibers, improving the protein content of the finished feed by more than 15 percent, improving the starch digestion rate by 30-40 percent and improving the energy utilization rate by 25-30 percent.

Inventors

  • LIU QI

Assignees

  • 哈尔滨优哲菲农业科技开发有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260403
Priority Date
20260324

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The preparation process of the cold region straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic double-order fermented cattle and sheep feed is characterized by comprising the following steps of: Step one, preprocessing coarse materials; Step two, preparing a fine material; step three, preparing a mixture; Step four, carrying out aerobic fermentation on the mixture; step five, aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation of the mixture; and step six, carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the mixture, and subpackaging the finished feed.
  2. 2. The preparation process of the cold region straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic double-order fermented cattle and sheep feed is characterized in that the coarse feed pretreatment operation in the first step is to select any one or a mixture of any two or more than two of corn, rice, sorghum and wheat straws in any proportion, and the mixture is processed by a kneader until the length is 0.4-4 cm, and the moisture content of the straws is regulated to 55-65%.
  3. 3. The preparation process of the cold region straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic double-order fermented cattle and sheep feed is characterized in that the mass ratio of substances prepared by the secondary concentrated feed is 50-60 parts of corn meal, 15-30 parts of bean pulp, 5-10 parts of wheat bran and 5 parts of compound mineral premix, and the substances are weighed according to the proportion, and the water content of the concentrated feed is regulated to 12% -15%.
  4. 4. The preparation process of the cold region straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic double-order fermented cattle and sheep feed is characterized in that the compound mineral premix comprises, by weight, 100 parts of calcium carbonate, 150 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 5 parts of sodium chloride, 2.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.5 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.4 part of copper sulfate, 0.6 part of sodium selenite and 738 parts of zeolite powder.
  5. 5. The preparation process of the cold region straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic double-order fermented cattle and sheep feed is characterized in that in the third step, coarse feed straw obtained in the first step and concentrated feed obtained in the second step are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7-8:2-3, a TMR machine is adopted for premixing uniformly to obtain a mixed feed, and a composite bacterial enzyme preparation is added into the mixed feed, wherein the addition amount of the composite bacterial enzyme preparation is 0.1-0.5% of the mass ratio of the mixed feed.
  6. 6. The preparation process of the cold region straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic dual-order fermented cattle and sheep feed is characterized in that the composite bacterial enzyme preparation comprises an enzyme preparation and a bacterial preparation, wherein the mass ratio of the enzyme preparation is 10% -20%, the enzyme preparation is a mixture of any one or more than two of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase in any proportion, the mass ratio of the bacterial preparation is 80% -90%, the bacterial preparation is a mixture of any one or more than two of lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes in any proportion, and the total number of viable bacteria of the bacterial preparation is not less than 1×10 9 CFU/g.
  7. 7. The preparation process of the cold region straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic dual-order fermented cattle and sheep feed is characterized in that the aerobic fermentation in the fourth step is carried out at a fermentation environment temperature of 30-40 ℃ for 24-72 h, the first pile turning is carried out when the pile temperature reaches 38-40 ℃ in the fermentation process, the pile turning speed is 0.5-1 m 3 /min every time the pile is raised by 2-3 ℃ in the subsequent temperature, and the oxygen content of the mixture is kept at 8-12% in the pile turning process.
  8. 8. The preparation process of the cold region straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic double-order fermented cattle and sheep feed is characterized in that the mixture subjected to aerobic fermentation in the fifth step is transferred into a cold region winter warm house, the warm house is subjected to solar heat preservation or coal hot blast stove heat preservation, the thickness of a heat preservation layer of the warm house is not less than 5cm, the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the warm house is maintained at 20-30 ℃, sealing treatment is carried out when the temperature of the mixture is regulated to 20-25 ℃ after the mixture is transferred to the warm house, and vacuum pumping sealing is adopted for sealing, wherein the oxygen content in a sealing system is less than or equal to 0.5%.
  9. 9. The preparation process of the cold region straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic double-order fermented cattle and sheep feed is characterized in that the sealed mixture in the step six is subjected to anaerobic fermentation, the fermentation environment temperature is 10-20 ℃, the fermentation time period is 7-10 d, the pH value is monitored regularly in the fermentation process, and when the pH value is reduced to 5.5-6.5, the environment temperature can be reduced to 8-10 ℃ to maintain stability.
  10. 10. The preparation process of the cold region straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic double-order fermented cattle and sheep feed is characterized in that finished feed detection is carried out after anaerobic fermentation in the step six, wherein the finished feed detection standard is that the crude protein content is more than or equal to 12%, the acid washing fiber content is less than or equal to 30%, the neutral washing fiber content is less than or equal to 45%, the calcium content is 0.8% -1.2%, the phosphorus content is 0.4% -0.6%, the iron content is more than or equal to 50mg/kg, the zinc content is more than or equal to 40mg/kg, the corn starch digestibility is improved by 30% -40%, and the energy value is 10-12 MJ/kg.

Description

Preparation process of cold region straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic double-order fermented cattle and sheep feed Technical Field The invention belongs to the field of feed production, and in particular relates to a preparation process of cold region straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic double-stage fermented cattle and sheep feed. Background The feed is a key material foundation for cattle and sheep cultivation in cold regions in cold seasons, and is directly related to healthy growth, production performance and cultivation economic benefit of cattle and sheep. The cold region is long in winter at low temperature, crop straws are accumulated in a large quantity, the problems of low fiber degradation rate, poor feeding rate of cattle and sheep, unbalanced nutrition and the like exist in direct feeding, and meanwhile, the traditional feed fermentation process needs additional heating and heat preservation, has high cost, and is difficult to adapt to the large-scale production requirement of the cold region. At present, the existing fermentation feed technology focuses on a single fermentation mode, the bacterial-enzymatic synergistic effect is poor, and temperature control nodes in winter in cold regions are not designed in a targeted manner, so that the feed has long fermentation period and serious nutrition loss, and the comprehensive demands of cattle and sheep on energy, protein and mineral substances cannot be met. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a preparation process of cold region straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic double-order fermented cattle and sheep feed, which is used for solving the defects in the prior art. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the preparation process of the cold region straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic double-order fermented cattle and sheep feed comprises the following steps: Step one, preprocessing coarse materials; Step two, preparing a fine material; step three, preparing a mixture; Step four, carrying out aerobic fermentation on the mixture; step five, aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation of the mixture; and step six, carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the mixture, and subpackaging the finished feed. The preparation process of the cold region straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic double-order fermented cattle and sheep feed comprises the following steps of selecting any one or a mixture of more than two of corn, rice, sorghum and wheat straw according to any proportion, treating the mixture by a kneader until the length is 0.4-4 cm, and regulating the moisture content of the straw to 55-65%. 3. The preparation process of the cold region straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic double-order fermented cattle and sheep feed is characterized in that the mass ratio of substances prepared by the secondary concentrated feed is 50-60 parts of corn meal, 15-30 parts of bean pulp, 5-10 parts of wheat bran and 5 parts of compound mineral premix, and the substances are weighed according to the proportion, and the water content of the concentrated feed is regulated to 12% -15%. The preparation process of the cold region straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic double-order fermented cattle and sheep feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of calcium carbonate, 150 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 5 parts of sodium chloride, 2.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.5 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.4 part of copper sulfate, 0.6 part of sodium selenite and 738 parts of zeolite powder. According to the preparation process of the cold region straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic double-order fermented cattle and sheep feed, the coarse feed straw obtained in the first step and the concentrated feed obtained in the second step are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7-8:2-3, a TMR machine is adopted for premixing uniformly, a mixed feed is obtained, a composite bacterial enzyme preparation is added into the mixed feed, and the addition amount of the composite bacterial enzyme preparation is 0.1-0.5% of the mass ratio of the mixed feed. The preparation process of the straw-concentrated feed bacterial enzyme synergistic dual-order fermented cattle and sheep feed in the cold region comprises the steps of preparing an enzyme preparation and a bacterial preparation, wherein the mass ratio of the enzyme preparation is 10% -20%, the enzyme preparation is a mixture of any one or more than two of cellulase, hemicellulase and pectase in any proportion, the mass ratio of the bacterial preparation is 80% -90%, the bacterial preparation is any one or more than two of lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes in any proportion, and the total viable count of the bacterial preparation is not less than 1X 10 9 CFU/g. According to the preparation process of the cold region str