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CN-122004363-A - Fattening feed for yaks in Tibetan high-cold high-altitude areas

CN122004363ACN 122004363 ACN122004363 ACN 122004363ACN-122004363-A

Abstract

The application discloses a fattening feed for yaks in a Tibet alpine high-altitude area, which consists of, by mass, 25% -30% of modified forage grass, 15% -20% of hybrid forage grass, 10% -15% of Sudan grass, 15% -20% of corn stalks, 10% -15% of hybrid sorghum grass, 5% -10% of black oat, 30% -40% of concentrated feed components, by mass, 50% -55% of corn, 20% -25% of soybean meal, 8% -10% of wheat bran, 5% -8% of yellow meal worm, 3% -5% of special premix for yaks, and 0.3% -0.6% of baking soda. The application has the advantages of low-21 ℃ low temperature resistance, 0.8 percent of saline alkali resistance, slight cold resistance and drought resistance, and fresh grass yield per mu of 7-25 tons through the adaptability verification of the high-altitude, high-cold and salinization environment of the Tibet, solves the problems of low yield and weak stress resistance of the traditional forage grass in the high-altitude area of the Tibet, ensures the stable supply of the forage grass, and covers high protein, high fiber and high energy types through diversified collocation of coarse fodder.

Inventors

  • ZHAO SHUAI
  • ZHANG YONGKUI
  • ZHANG HUIZHI
  • QI XIAN
  • SHEN ZHIQIANG
  • CAO XUEZHONG
  • ZHANG JINYU
  • SONG GAOPENG

Assignees

  • 国家电投集团西藏能源有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260211

Claims (8)

  1. 1. A fattening feed for yaks in Tibetan high-cold high-altitude areas is characterized by comprising a coarse feed component, a concentrated feed component and an additive component; wherein the coarse fodder component accounts for 60-70% of the daily ration dry matter, and comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 25-30% of improved forage grass, 15-20% of hybrid forage grass, 10-15% of sudan grass, 15-20% of corn straw, 10-15% of hybrid sorghum grass for feeding and 5-10% of black oat; The concentrated feed comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 50% -55% of corn, 20% -25% of soybean meal, 8% -10% of wheat bran, 5% -8% of yellow meal worm and 3% -5% of special premix for yaks, wherein the raw materials comprise, by mass, the dry matter of the daily ration; the additive component is baking soda, which accounts for 0.3% -0.6% of the daily ration dry matter.
  2. 2. The fattening feed for yaks in high-cold and high-altitude areas of Tibetan according to claim 1, wherein the improved forage grass is artificial breeding varieties of arundo donax, the crude protein content is 18-22%, the lignin content is 13-20%, the reducing sugar content is 6.34-7.29% on the basis of dry matters in the vegetative growth period, and the hydrocyanic acid content in the whole growth period is less than or equal to 12mg/kg.
  3. 3. The fattening feed for yaks in high-cold and high-altitude areas of Tibetan according to claim 1, wherein the hybrid forage grass is annual gramineous forage grass obtained by artificial distant hybridization of sorghum and sudan grass and continuous breeding, and the crude protein content is 10.2% -13.05% on a dry matter basis.
  4. 4. The fattening feed for yaks in high-cold and high-altitude areas of Tibet according to claim 1, wherein the corn stalks are crushed to a grain size of 2-3cm or are subjected to ammoniation modification treatment; The coarse fodder component is prepared by silage and mixing improved forage grass, hybrid forage grass and hybrid sorghum halepense for feeding, and then uniformly mixing with hay corn stalk, sudan grass and black oat.
  5. 5. The fattening feed for yaks in high-cold and high-altitude areas of claim 1, wherein the special premix for yaks comprises a calcium source, a phosphorus source, salt, and fat-soluble vitamins of iron, zinc, copper and vitamins A, D, E, wherein the mass fraction of calcium is 1.5% -2%, the mass fraction of phosphorus is 0.8% -1%, and the mass fraction of salt is 0.5% -1%.
  6. 6. The fattening feed for yaks in high-cold and high-altitude areas of claim 1, wherein the concentrated feed component is processed into granular feed with a grain size of 3-5mm by a granulating process, and the grain density is 1.2-1.4g/cm < 3 >.
  7. 7. The fattening feed for yaks in high-cold and high-altitude areas of claim 1, wherein, when applied in the early stage of fattening, the coarse feed component accounts for 70% -75% of daily ration dry matter, and the concentrated feed component accounts for 25% -30% of daily ration dry matter; when the feed is applied in the later fattening period, the coarse feed component accounts for 60-65% of the daily ration dry matter, and the concentrated feed component accounts for 35-40% of the daily ration dry matter.
  8. 8. The fattening feed for yaks in high-cold and high-altitude areas of claim 7, wherein the early fattening period is 1-30 days and the later fattening period is 60-120 days.

Description

Fattening feed for yaks in Tibetan high-cold high-altitude areas Technical Field The application relates to the technical field of yak breeding, in particular to a fattening feed for yaks in Tibetan high-cold high-altitude areas. Background The yak is used as a special dominant livestock species in the high-cold high-altitude areas of the Tibet, is a core pillar of the local animal husbandry economy, and has the meat quality rich in protein, unsaturated fatty acid and other nutritional ingredients, and has the dual values of ecological protection and civil security. The high-altitude areas of the Tibet are mostly special ecological environments of high altitude (3000-4500 m), high cold, drought or salinization, the climatic conditions are severe, the frost free period is short, natural grassland resources are limited, seasonal distribution is uneven, the forage shortage problem in winter is particularly remarkable, and the large-scale development of the yak fattening industry is severely restricted. Traditional yak fattening mainly relies on natural grazing and single coarse fodder supplementary feeding, and has a plurality of technical bottlenecks: The forage grass resource utilization rate is low, the traditional coarse fodder is mostly natural forage grass, corn stalks and the like which are not optimally matched, the nutrition is unbalanced, the coarse protein content is insufficient (generally lower than 10 percent), the fiber lignification degree is high, the feed intake of yaks is low, the digestion and absorption are poor, the fattening period is as long as 18-24 months, and the slaughtering efficiency is low; The adaptability of forage grass varieties is insufficient, the existing forage grass in the high-altitude areas of the Tibetan alpine region is lack of stress resistance, the yield is unstable, and the forage grass supply requirement of large-scale fattening is difficult to meet; The concentrated coarse fodder is unreasonable in collocation, the concentrated fodder is added at will in the traditional fattening process, and the concentrated fodder lacks of a specific formula design, is easy to cause digestive system diseases such as yak rumen acid-base unbalance, acidosis and the like, and simultaneously causes the waste of nutritional ingredients such as protein, energy and the like; the requirements of special environments in the Tibetan high-cold high-altitude areas on the feed are ignored, the existing feed formula is not fully combined with the physiological characteristics of the rumen of the yaks and the endowment of forage grass resources in the Tibetan high-cold high-altitude areas, and the requirements of nutrition supply and environmental adaptability are difficult to realize. Along with the promotion of the regulation of the industrial structure and the ecological protection policy of the livestock industry in the high-cold high-altitude areas of the Tibet, the industrialized fattening mode of the cooperation and the planting and breeding combination of the grass and the livestock becomes the main development flow, and the special fattening feed which is efficient, high-quality and suitable for the environment in the high-cold high-altitude areas of the Tibet is increasingly urgent in demand. Therefore, a fattening feed for yaks in the Tibetan high-cold high-altitude areas is provided. Disclosure of Invention The present application aims to solve at least to some extent one of the technical problems in the above-described technology. In order to achieve the aim, the first aspect of the application provides a fattening feed for yaks in high-altitude areas of Tibet alpine, which consists of a coarse feed component, a concentrated feed component and an additive component; wherein the coarse fodder component accounts for 60-70% of the daily ration dry matter, and comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 25-30% of improved forage grass, 15-20% of hybrid forage grass, 10-15% of sudan grass, 15-20% of corn straw, 10-15% of hybrid sorghum grass for feeding and 5-10% of black oat; The concentrated feed comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 50% -55% of corn, 20% -25% of soybean meal, 8% -10% of wheat bran, 5% -8% of yellow meal worm and 3% -5% of special premix for yaks, wherein the raw materials comprise, by mass, the dry matter of the daily ration; the additive component is baking soda, which accounts for 0.3% -0.6% of the daily ration dry matter. In addition, the fattening feed for yaks in the Tibetan alpine high-altitude areas, provided by the application, can also have the following additional technical characteristics: As a further description of the above technical solution: The improved forage grass is artificial breeding variety of arundo donax, and has coarse protein content of 18-22%, lignin content of 13-20%, reducing sugar content of 6.34-7.29% and hydrocyanic acid content of less than or equal to 12mg/kg in whole growth period. As a further descrip