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CN-122005018-A - Ultrasonic and electric stimulation double-positioning regional anesthesia puncture guiding method and device

CN122005018ACN 122005018 ACN122005018 ACN 122005018ACN-122005018-A

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultrasonic and electric stimulation double-positioning regional anesthesia puncture guiding method and device. The method comprises the steps of constructing a multi-mode space-time synchronous coordinate system, collecting acoustic wave echoes of an ultrasonic transducer array and electrophysiological impedance signals of a conductive tip of a puncture needle, mapping the acoustic wave echoes and the electrophysiological impedance signals into a data matrix and a response vector, executing pixel-level space-time registration, inverting and calculating functional effective distances by using a nerve excitability model, generating a virtual space constraint envelope containing a safety block and risk early warning area, projecting the envelope onto an ultrasonic imaging plane, displaying a visual boundary and a dynamic warning map in a superimposed mode to generate a fusion guide image, monitoring the relative positions of a needle tip track and the envelope in real time, automatically adjusting electric stimulation waveform parameters and synchronously updating a warning state when the needle tip track and the envelope invade the early warning area or the distance exceeds the difference. The method solves the technical problems of missing spatial-temporal registration of multi-mode data and poor visualization of functional safety boundaries in the regional anesthesia puncture guiding method in the prior art.

Inventors

  • CHANG JINGJING

Assignees

  • 中国人民解放军总医院第六医学中心

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260226

Claims (10)

  1. 1. An ultrasonic and electric stimulation double-positioning regional anesthesia puncture guiding method is characterized by comprising the following steps: Constructing a multi-mode space-time synchronous coordinate system, acquiring acoustic echo signals of an ultrasonic transducer array and electrophysiological impedance signals of a puncture needle conductive tip through a main control unit, mapping the acoustic echo signals into an anatomical morphology data matrix, mapping the electrophysiological impedance signals into a functional electrical stimulation response vector, and executing pixel-level space-time registration on the anatomical morphology data matrix and the functional electrical stimulation response vector under a three-dimensional space reference; based on the current intensity change rate and the evoked latency characteristics in the functional electric stimulation response vector, inverting and calculating the functional effective distance between the tip of the puncture needle and the target nerve by using a nerve excitability model, and generating a virtual space constraint envelope comprising a safety blocking area and a risk early warning area according to the functional effective distance; Projecting the virtual space constraint envelope to a two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging plane corresponding to the anatomical morphology data matrix, and superposing and displaying a visual boundary mark representing the safety blocking area and a dynamic warning map representing the risk early warning area on a pixel layer of a real-time ultrasonic image through an image synthesis algorithm to generate a fusion guide image; And monitoring the relative position relation between the motion trail of the puncture needle tip and the virtual space constraint envelope in the fusion guide image, and when the puncture needle tip is detected to invade the risk early warning area or the functional effective distance exceeds the safety tolerance range, adjusting waveform parameters of electric stimulation output pulses and synchronously updating the dynamic warning map state in the fusion guide image.
  2. 2. The method of ultrasound and electrical stimulation dual location regional anesthesia puncture guidance according to claim 1, further comprising: extracting a beam forming central axis of the ultrasonic transducer array as a space reference datum, and collecting a phase delay characteristic of the puncture needle conductive tip in the electrophysiological impedance signal to determine a space coordinate; Mapping the functional electrical stimulation response vector from an electrical coordinate system to an acoustic imaging coordinate system using a coordinate transformation matrix; And executing a time stamp synchronization operation, and binding the anatomical morphology data matrix of each frame with the functional electric stimulation response vector acquired at the same time.
  3. 3. The method of ultrasound and electrical stimulation dual location regional anesthesia puncture guidance according to claim 1, further comprising: calculating an equipotential distribution field with the tip of the puncture needle as a sphere center according to the functional effective distance, and defining an equipotential surface corresponding to a minimum current threshold for inducing effective nerve block as an outer boundary of the safety block region; Defining an equipotential surface corresponding to a maximum current density threshold value causing nerve damage as an inner boundary of the risk early warning region, and constructing a gradient change transition region between an outer boundary of the safety blocking region and the inner boundary of the risk early warning region; the geometric shape and the spatial position of the virtual spatial constraint envelope are continuously updated with the displacement of the puncture needle tip.
  4. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein adjusting waveform parameters of the electrical stimulation output pulses comprises: When the puncture needle tip is detected to be positioned in the transition area, switching to a micro-current high-frequency detection mode, reducing the pulse width of an output pulse and improving the sampling frequency; and when the puncture needle tip is detected to enter the risk early warning area, a protective current cutting-off operation is executed, the high-voltage pulse output is suspended, and the low-impedance monitoring mode is switched.
  5. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the synchronously updating the dynamic alert profile state in the fused guidance image comprises: re-calculating the functional effective distance according to the adjusted waveform parameters, and refreshing the boundary position of the virtual space constraint envelope in real time; And if the functional effective distance is not converged to a safe range in a plurality of continuous sampling periods, generating a path correction guiding arrow on the fusion guiding image.
  6. 6. An ultrasonic and electrical stimulation dual-positioning regional anesthesia puncture guiding device, comprising: The construction unit is used for constructing a multi-mode space-time synchronous coordinate system, acquiring an acoustic wave echo signal of an ultrasonic transducer array and an electrophysiological impedance signal of a puncture needle conductive tip through the main control unit, mapping the acoustic wave echo signal into an anatomical morphology data matrix, mapping the electrophysiological impedance signal into a functional electrical stimulation response vector, and executing pixel-level space-time registration on the anatomical morphology data matrix and the functional electrical stimulation response vector under a three-dimensional space reference; The first generation unit is used for calculating the functional effective distance between the tip of the puncture needle and the target nerve by utilizing nerve excitability model inversion based on the current intensity change rate and the evoked latency characteristic in the functional electric stimulation response vector, and generating a virtual space constraint envelope comprising a safety blocking area and a risk early warning area according to the functional effective distance; The second generation unit is used for projecting the virtual space constraint envelope to a two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging plane corresponding to the anatomical morphology data matrix, and generating a fusion guide image by superposing and displaying a visual boundary mark representing the safety blocking area and a dynamic warning map representing the risk early warning area on a pixel layer of a real-time ultrasonic image through an image synthesis algorithm; The monitoring unit is used for monitoring the relative position relation between the motion trail of the puncture needle tip and the virtual space constraint envelope in the fusion guide image, and when the puncture needle tip is detected to invade the risk early-warning area or the functional effective distance exceeds the safety tolerance range, the waveform parameters of the electric stimulation output pulse are adjusted, and the state of the dynamic warning map in the fusion guide image is synchronously updated.
  7. 7. The ultrasonic and electrical stimulation dual location regional anesthesia puncture guiding device of claim 6, further comprising: The extraction unit is used for extracting the beam forming central axis of the ultrasonic transducer array as a space reference datum and collecting the phase delay characteristic of the puncture needle conductive tip in the electrophysiological impedance signal so as to determine a space coordinate; A mapping unit for mapping the functional electrical stimulation response vector from an electrical coordinate system to an acoustic imaging coordinate system using a coordinate transformation matrix; And the execution unit is used for executing time stamp synchronization operation and binding the anatomical morphology data matrix of each frame with the functional electric stimulation response vector acquired at the same time.
  8. 8. The ultrasonic and electrical stimulation dual location regional anesthesia puncture guiding device of claim 6, further comprising: The first processing unit is used for calculating an equipotential distribution field taking the tip of the puncture needle as a sphere center according to the functional effective distance, and defining an equipotential surface corresponding to a minimum current threshold for inducing effective nerve block as the outer boundary of the safety block area; the second processing unit is used for defining an equipotential surface corresponding to a maximum current density threshold value causing nerve damage as an inner boundary of the risk early-warning region and constructing a gradient change transition region between an outer boundary of the safety blocking region and the inner boundary of the risk early-warning region; and the updating unit is used for continuously updating the geometric shape and the space position of the virtual space constraint envelope along with the displacement of the tip of the puncture needle.
  9. 9. The ultrasonic and electrical stimulation dual location regional anesthesia puncture guiding device of claim 8, wherein the monitoring unit comprises: the first execution subunit is used for switching to a micro-current high-frequency detection mode when detecting that the puncture needle tip is positioned in the transition area, reducing the pulse width of an output pulse and improving the sampling frequency; and the second execution subunit is used for executing protective current cutting-off operation when detecting that the puncture needle tip enters the risk early warning area, suspending high-voltage pulse output and switching to a low-impedance monitoring mode.
  10. 10. The ultrasonic and electrical stimulation dual location regional anesthesia puncture guiding device of claim 6, wherein the monitoring unit further comprises: the refreshing subunit is used for re-calculating the functional effective distance according to the adjusted waveform parameters and refreshing the boundary position of the virtual space constraint envelope in real time; And the correction subunit is used for generating a path correction guiding arrow on the fusion guiding image if the functional effective distance is not converged to a safe range in a plurality of continuous sampling periods.

Description

Ultrasonic and electric stimulation double-positioning regional anesthesia puncture guiding method and device Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of regional anesthesia, in particular to a regional anesthesia puncture guiding method and device with double positioning by ultrasonic and electric stimulation. Background Accurate implementation of regional anesthesia relies on precise localization of the target nerve. Currently, ultrasound imaging and neuro-electrical stimulation are two dominant localization means in the clinic, the former providing real-time anatomical morphology information and the latter providing functional feedback based on neuroexcitability. However, in the prior art, the ultrasound device and the electro-stimulator are mostly independent hardware, and the output anatomical morphology data and the functional electro-stimulator data are respectively in an acoustic imaging coordinate system and an electrical coordinate system, so that natural isomerism exists. Due to the lack of a unified space-time reference and registration algorithm, the prior art cannot map the functional position of the electrical stimulation feedback to a specific pixel point of an ultrasonic image accurately in real time, so that anatomical imaging and functional verification are not synchronous in space mismatch and time. The operator can only rely on experience to perform subjective space reconstruction between two independent display terminals, so that the cognitive load is increased, and positioning deviation is easily caused in a complex anatomic environment. In addition, existing systems are unable to invert the electrophysiological parameters into quantized "functional effective distances" based on the neuroexcitability model, and thus are unable to dynamically generate virtual safety constraint envelopes (e.g., safety stagnation zones and risk early warning zones) that vary with tip displacement on ultrasound images. Meanwhile, most of the existing electrical stimulation output is static fixed parameters, and the closed loop self-adaptive regulation and control capability of automatically regulating waveform parameters (such as microcurrent detection or protective cutoff) according to the relative position relation between the needle tip and the nerve is lacking, so that active safety protection and path correction cannot be realized. In summary, the regional anesthesia puncture guiding method in the prior art has the technical problems of missing spatial-temporal registration of multi-modal data and poor visualization of functional safety boundaries. In view of the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed at present. Disclosure of Invention The embodiment of the invention provides an ultrasonic and electric stimulation dual-positioning regional anesthesia puncture guiding method and device, which at least solve the technical problems of missing spatial-temporal registration of multi-mode data and poor visualization of functional safety boundaries in the regional anesthesia puncture guiding method in the prior art. According to one aspect of the embodiment of the invention, a regional anesthesia puncture guiding method with double positioning of ultrasound and electric stimulation is provided, and the method comprises the steps of constructing a multi-mode space-time synchronous coordinate system, collecting acoustic echo signals of an ultrasonic transducer array and electrophysiological impedance signals of a puncture needle conductive tip through a main control unit, mapping the acoustic echo signals into an anatomical morphology data matrix, mapping the electrophysiological impedance signals into a functional electric stimulation response vector, and executing pixel-level space-time registration on the anatomical morphology data matrix and the functional electric stimulation response vector under a three-dimensional space reference; based on the current intensity change rate and the evoked latency characteristics in the functional electric stimulation response vector, inverting and calculating the functional effective distance between the tip of the puncture needle and the target nerve by utilizing a nerve excitability model, generating a virtual space constraint envelope comprising a safety blocking area and a risk early warning area according to the functional effective distance, projecting the virtual space constraint envelope to a two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging plane corresponding to the anatomical morphology data matrix, superposing and displaying a visual boundary mark representing the safety blocking area and a dynamic warning map representing the risk early warning area on a pixel layer of a real-time ultrasonic image by an image synthesis algorithm to generate a fusion guide image, monitoring the relative position relation between the motion track of the tip of the puncture needle and the virtual space constraint envelope in the fusion guide image, and