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CN-122006293-A - Emergency oil-water separation device and method

CN122006293ACN 122006293 ACN122006293 ACN 122006293ACN-122006293-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of filter devices, and relates to an emergency oil-water separation device and an emergency oil-water separation method, wherein the device comprises a barrel, a cover body, a first filter assembly and a second filter assembly, a transition plate is arranged in the barrel, the interior of the barrel is divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity by the transition plate, and the first filter assembly is rotationally connected in the lower cavity; the emergency oil-water separation device provided by the invention effectively solves the problems of difficult deployment and strong energy dependence in an emergency scene in the prior art, and realizes rapid deployment, high-efficiency separation and energy self-supply in the emergency scene.

Inventors

  • YANG YALAN
  • CHEN YAN
  • ZHAO XIANG
  • Hua Weixing
  • GUO YANG
  • CHEN SHIMING
  • CHEN HAN

Assignees

  • 中国人民解放军联勤保障部队工程大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260105

Claims (10)

  1. 1. An emergency oil-water separation device, characterized by comprising: the filter comprises a barrel (2), a cover body (1), a first filter assembly and a second filter assembly, wherein a transition plate (203) is arranged in the barrel (2), the transition plate (203) divides the interior of the barrel (2) into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, and the first filter assembly is rotationally connected in the lower cavity; The first filtering component comprises a rotating shaft, an impeller (8) and a multistage conical rotor, the rotating shaft is rotationally connected to the bottom of the cylinder body (2), the impeller (8) and the multistage conical rotor are connected with the rotating shaft, the multistage conical rotors are arranged at the top of the impeller (8) at intervals, the second filtering component comprises a corrugated plate group and a connecting shaft (15), the corrugated plate group is detachably connected with the connecting shaft (15), and the connecting shaft (15) and the transition plate (203) are arranged at intervals.
  2. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the connecting shaft (15) is provided with external threads, the corrugated plate group comprises at least three corrugated plates which are coaxially arranged, the corrugated plates are detachably connected with the external threads of the connecting shaft (15) through threaded holes formed in the center of the plate surfaces, the corrugated plates are provided with a plurality of filtering holes, the plate surfaces are coated with super-hydrophobic coating, the inclination angles of the corrugated plates in the direction away from the transition plate (203) are sequentially reduced, the inclination angles are acute angle included angles between the plate surfaces of the corrugated plates and the plate surfaces of the transition plate (203), and the corrugated shapes of the corrugated plates are one of sine shapes, trapezoid shapes and triangle shapes.
  3. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the cover body (1) is provided with a first observation window (101), the side wall of the barrel body (2) is provided with a second observation window (201), the inner wall of the barrel body (2) is provided with an annular supporting table (202), corrugated plates close to the transition plate (203) are placed and positioned on the annular supporting table (202), and the bottom of the barrel body (2) is further connected with telescopic supporting feet (4).
  4. 4.A device according to claim 3, characterized in that the transition plate (203) is provided with a central through hole, the bottom of the transition plate (203) is connected with a hydrophobic pore layer (204), the hydrophobic pore layer (204) is provided with a through hole, the upper opening of the through hole is communicated with the central through hole, and the lower part is in a flaring shape and communicated with the lower cavity.
  5. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the multi-stage conical rotor is coated with a superhydrophobic coating, the multi-stage conical rotor comprises a primary rotor (9), a secondary rotor (10) and a tertiary rotor (11) which are coaxially connected in series, the outer diameters of the primary rotor (9), the secondary rotor (10) and the tertiary rotor (11) are sequentially reduced, the secondary rotor (10) is arranged at the top of the primary rotor (9) at intervals, and the tertiary rotor (11) is arranged at the top of the secondary rotor (10) at intervals.
  6. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein an oil outlet (7) is formed in the top of the cover body (1), a liquid inlet (3) is formed in the bottom of the outer wall of the barrel body (2), a water outlet (6) is formed in the bottom of the barrel body (2), a liquid inlet valve is arranged on the liquid inlet (3), a water outlet valve is arranged on the water outlet (6), the oil outlet (7) is provided with an oil outlet valve, and the liquid inlet (3), the water outlet (6) and the oil outlet (7) are all detachably connected with a filter cartridge.
  7. 7. The device according to claim 6, further comprising an auxiliary drive assembly (5) for assisting the rotation of the impeller (8), the auxiliary drive assembly (5) comprising a motor, a generator, a battery and a flow sensor, the motor, the generator and the battery being all connected to the bottom of the outer wall of the cylinder (2), and the motor and the generator being all connected to the rotating shaft, the flow sensor being connected in the liquid inlet (3), and the motor, the generator and the flow sensor being all electrically connected to the battery.
  8. 8. An emergency oil-water separation method, characterized in that the emergency oil-water separation device of claim 7 is used, comprising the following steps: S1, device deployment and pretreatment, namely adjusting a telescopic supporting leg (4) and using a second observation window (201) to observe and calibrate, so that the horizontal deviation of a cylinder body (2) is not more than 2 cm, opening a liquid inlet valve, closing after the second observation window (201) sees oil-water mixed liquid, standing for 5-10 minutes after the oil-water mixed liquid intercepts impurities through a filter cylinder at a liquid inlet (3), judging that the particle size of oil drops is small, medium or large based on the layered volume ratio after standing, and configuring the initial flux of a corrugated plate group and the liquid inlet valve based on the particle size type of the oil drops; s2, rough separation and regulation, namely after a corrugated plate group is configured, opening a liquid inlet valve, carrying out vortex rough separation on the oil-water mixed liquid in a lower cavity through a first filter assembly, monitoring through a second observation window (201), judging that the rough separation is unqualified if the rising height of an oil layer does not reach 2/3 of the visible height of an upper cavity within 5 minutes, starting an auxiliary driving assembly (5) according to the particle size type of oil drops, and regulating the flux of the liquid inlet valve; S3, finely separating and recycling, namely enabling liquid meeting the rough separation qualification condition to enter an upper cavity, enabling the liquid to flow through a corrugated plate group for finely separating, sampling an oil phase of an oil outlet (7), judging that the oil phase is finely separated and qualified when no visible suspended water drops exist in the oil sample and the oil phase content is more than or equal to 95%, recycling the oil phase, otherwise judging that the oil phase is disqualified, neutralizing an aqueous phase of a water outlet (6) until the pH value is 6.0-7.5, then discharging the oil phase, monitoring the oil phase of the essential oil sample, sequentially cleaning all corrugated plates in the corrugated plate group if the oil phase of the oil outlet (7) is continuously disqualified for 10 times, sequentially replacing all corrugated plates in the corrugated plate group until no visible suspended water drops exist in the oil phase of the oil outlet (7) and the oil phase content is more than or equal to 95%, and sequentially replacing all corrugated plates in the corrugated plate group if the oil phase content of the oil phase of the oil outlet (7) is less than 80% after single sampling, until the visible suspended water drops in the oil phase of the oil phase (7) is not less than 95%.
  9. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the judging of the type of the oil-water mixture in S1 is specifically as follows: Standing for 5 min, wherein the layering thickness is more than 30% of the total liquid layer thickness, and judging that the mixed liquid is large-particle-diameter oil drop mixed liquid; standing for 5-10 min, wherein the layering thickness is 5% -30% of the total liquid layer thickness, and judging to be the medium-particle-diameter oil drop mixed liquid; after standing for 10 minutes, the layer thickness was <5% of the total liquid layer thickness, and the mixture was determined to be a small-particle-diameter oil droplet mixture.
  10. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the configuration of the corrugated plate set and the initial flux of the feed liquor valve is specifically: For the small-particle-diameter oil drop mixed solution, the inclination angle of each corrugated plate in the configured corrugated plate group is within the range of 0-5 degrees, the corrugated shape is sine, and the flux of the liquid inlet valve is set to be 20-40% of the rated maximum flux; for the medium-particle-diameter oil drop mixed solution, the inclination angle of each corrugated plate in the configured corrugated plate group is within the range of 5-10 degrees, the corrugated shape is trapezoid, and the flux of the liquid inlet valve is set to be 45-55% of the rated maximum flux; For the large-particle-diameter oil drop mixed solution, the inclination angle of each corrugated plate in the configured corrugated plate group is within the range of 10-15 degrees, the corrugated shape is triangular, and the flux of the liquid inlet valve is set to be 60-70% of the rated maximum flux.

Description

Emergency oil-water separation device and method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of filtering devices, in particular to an emergency oil-water separation device and an emergency oil-water separation method. Background The oil depot is used as a key facility for storing and distributing fuel, and the leakage accident has the characteristics of strong burst, easy initiation of secondary disasters and the like, and seriously threatens personnel safety, ecological environment and economic operation. At present, emergency recovery is carried out by relying on simple equipment such as a hand pump and the like to recover an oil-water mixture, and then the oil-water mixture is transported to a refinery for centralized treatment. In the aspect of dirty oil treatment technology, the oil-water separation is widely carried out by adopting a centrifugal method in industry, but the separation efficiency of the oil-water separation on the micron-sized oil-water emulsion is limited, while the super-hydrophobic membrane separation technology has good selective separation capability in theory, and in practical application, performance degradation is often caused by instability of an interface wetting state. In addition, the existing separation process depends on fixed equipment and external energy, is difficult to rapidly deploy in special terrains such as the wild and mountain land, and greatly limits the applicability of the separation process in a leakage emergency scene. In summary, the prior art relies on fixed equipment and external energy sources, and in emergency situations, it is difficult to meet the requirements of rapid deployment and efficient separation. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide an emergency oil-water separation device and an emergency oil-water separation method, which are used for solving the problem that the prior art is difficult to meet the requirements of rapid deployment and high-efficiency separation in an emergency scene. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an emergency oil-water separation device comprising: The filter comprises a cylinder body, a cover body, a first filter assembly and a second filter assembly, wherein a transition plate is arranged in the cylinder body, the transition plate divides the inside of the cylinder body into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, and the first filter assembly is rotationally connected in the lower cavity; The first filtering component comprises a rotating shaft, an impeller and a multistage conical rotor, the rotating shaft is rotationally connected to the bottom of the cylinder body, the impeller and the multistage conical rotor are connected with the rotating shaft, the multistage conical rotors are arranged at the top of the impeller at intervals, the second filtering component comprises a corrugated plate group and a connecting shaft, the corrugated plate group is detachably connected with the connecting shaft, and the connecting shaft is arranged at intervals with the transition plate. Further, the connecting shaft is provided with external threads, the corrugated plate group comprises at least three corrugated plates which are coaxially arranged, the corrugated plates are detachably connected with the external threads of the connecting shaft through threaded holes formed in the center of the plate surfaces, the corrugated plates are provided with a plurality of filtering holes, the plate surfaces are coated with super-hydrophobic paint, the inclination angles of the corrugated plates in the direction away from the transition plate are sequentially reduced, the inclination angles are acute angle included angles between the plate surfaces of the corrugated plates and the plate surfaces of the transition plate, and the corrugated shapes of the corrugated plates are one of sine shapes, trapezoid shapes and triangles. Further, the first observation window has been seted up to the lid, the second observation window has been seted up to the lateral wall of barrel, annular supporting bench has been seted up to the inner wall of barrel, is close to the buckled plate of transition board is taken and is put and is located annular supporting bench is last, the bottom of barrel still is connected with flexible supporting legs. Further, the transition plate is provided with a central through hole, the bottom of the transition plate is connected with a hydrophobic pore layer, the hydrophobic pore layer is provided with a through hole, an upper opening of the through hole is communicated with the central through hole, and the lower part of the through hole is in a flaring shape and is communicated with the lower cavity. Further, the super-hydrophobic coating is coated on the surface of the multistage conical rotor, the multistage conical rotor comprises a primary rotor, a secondary rotor and a tertiary rotor which are coaxially