CN-122006424-A - Carbon capturing system and capturing method of composite high-temperature heat pump of supergravity machine

CN122006424ACN 122006424 ACN122006424 ACN 122006424ACN-122006424-A

Abstract

The application discloses a carbon capturing system and a capturing method of a high-temperature heat pump compounded by a hypergravity machine, wherein the absorption unit and the desorption unit are both hypergravity machines, the absorption unit is used for fully absorbing CO2 in a hypergravity field by flue gas and an absorbent to form CO 2-rich absorption liquid, the heat exchange unit is electrically connected with the desorption unit, the condenser is connected with the desorption unit and provides a heat source for a desorption process, the evaporator is connected with the heat exchange unit and recovers system waste heat, the heat exchange unit is used for realizing heat exchange of the CO 2-rich absorption liquid and the CO 2-poor absorption liquid and providing a waste heat source for the heat exchange unit, the desorption unit is used for heating and desorbing the CO 2-rich absorption liquid in the hypergravity field to release high-purity CO2 gas, the heat requirement of the desorption unit is provided by the condenser of the high-temperature heat pump unit, and the absorbent circulation unit is used for conveying the CO 2-poor absorption liquid generated by the desorption unit to the absorption unit for recycling the absorbent.

Inventors

DAI ZHENGGANG
LI BO
QI GUOQIANG
LIU JIE
LIU JIAHUA
DAI SHIYAO
SUN YUHAN
WU QING
ZHAO HUI
QI TENGFEI
XUE QIAO
LIU JIANWEI
LI PEIYU
LI SHUHUI

Assignees

山西碳联新锐科技有限公司
怀柔实验室山西研究院

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260214

Claims (10)

1. The carbon capturing system of the composite high-temperature heat pump of the hypergravity machine is characterized by comprising an absorption unit, a heat exchange unit, a desorption unit and an absorbent circulation unit which are sequentially connected in series to form an absorption-desorption cycle; The absorption units and the desorption units are all supergravity machines; The absorption unit is used for fully absorbing CO 2 in the super-gravity field by the flue gas and the absorbent to form CO 2 -rich absorption liquid; the heat exchange unit is electrically connected with the desorption unit, the high-temperature heat pump unit comprises a compressor, a condenser, a throttling element and an evaporator, the condenser is connected with the desorption unit and provides a heat source for the desorption process, and the evaporator is connected with the heat exchange unit and recovers system waste heat; The heat exchange unit is used for realizing heat exchange between the CO 2 -rich absorption liquid and the CO 2 -lean absorption liquid and providing a waste heat source for the high-temperature heat pump unit; The desorption unit is used for heating and desorbing the CO 2 -rich absorption liquid in a hypergravity field to release high-purity CO 2 gas, and the heat requirement of the desorption unit is provided by a condenser of the high-temperature heat pump unit; The absorbent circulation unit is used for conveying the lean CO 2 absorption liquid generated by the desorption unit to the absorption unit for absorbent circulation multiplexing.
2. The carbon capturing system of the composite high temperature heat pump of the hypergravity machine according to claim 1, wherein the hypergravity machine of the absorption unit is a hypergravity absorption machine, a spraying device and a rotary packed bed are arranged in the hypergravity absorption machine, the spraying device is connected with a lean liquid output end of the absorbent circulation unit, an air inlet of the hypergravity absorption machine is connected with a flue gas pretreatment device containing CO 2 , and a liquid outlet is connected with a rich liquid input end of the heat exchange unit.
3. The carbon capturing system of the composite high temperature heat pump of the hypergravity machine according to claim 2, wherein the hypergravity machine of the desorption unit is a hypergravity desorption machine, a heating cavity and a rotary separation structure are arranged in the hypergravity desorption machine, the heating cavity is connected with a condenser of the high temperature heat pump unit through a heat conducting medium pipeline, an air outlet of the hypergravity desorption machine is connected with a CO 2 purification treatment device, and a liquid outlet is connected with a lean liquid input end of the heat exchange unit.
4. The carbon capture system of the high-temperature heat pump of the hypergravity machine according to claim 3, wherein the heat exchange unit comprises a lean rich liquid heat exchanger and a waste heat recovery heat exchanger, a rich liquid channel of the lean rich liquid heat exchanger is connected with a liquid outlet of the absorption unit and a liquid inlet of the desorption unit, a lean liquid channel is connected with a liquid outlet of the desorption unit and a liquid inlet of the absorption unit, a heat source channel of the waste heat recovery heat exchanger is connected with a waste heat discharge end of the desorption unit, and a cold source channel is connected with an evaporator of the high-temperature heat pump unit for cascade recovery of system waste heat.
5. The carbon capture system of the composite high-temperature heat pump of the hypergravity machine according to claim 4, further comprising an intelligent control unit, wherein the intelligent control unit is electrically connected with the hypergravity machine, the high-temperature heat pump unit and the heat exchange unit respectively and is used for monitoring temperature, pressure and flow parameters of each unit in real time and adjusting the rotating speed of the hypergravity machine, the running power of the high-temperature heat pump unit and the medium flow of the heat exchange unit.
6. The carbon capture system of the high-temperature heat pump of the super gravity machine according to claim 1, wherein the absorbent is a two-phase absorbent, a lean CO 2 phase and a rich CO 2 phase are formed after absorbing CO 2 , a phase separator is further arranged between the absorption unit and the heat exchange unit, and is used for separating the lean CO 2 phase and the rich CO 2 phase, and only the rich CO 2 phase is conveyed to the desorption unit for desorption treatment.
7. The carbon capture system of the supergravity machine composite high-temperature heat pump according to claim 6, wherein the absorption unit and the desorption unit are both provided with a pressure balance valve and a safety valve, and when the internal pressure of the unit exceeds a set range, the pressure balance valve automatically opens and adjusts the pressure, and the safety valve is used for emergency protection of the internal pressure of the unit.
8. The carbon capture system of the composite high-temperature heat pump of the hypergravity machine according to claim 1, wherein the outer sides of the absorption unit and the desorption unit are respectively provided with an insulation layer, the insulation layers are made of rock wool, polyurethane or glass wool, and the thickness of the insulation layers is 50-150mm.
9. A carbon capturing method of a high-temperature heat pump compounded by a high-gravity machine, which is applied to the carbon capturing system of the high-temperature heat pump compounded by the high-gravity machine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, and is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, removing impurities from CO 2 -containing flue gas through pretreatment, introducing the flue gas into a supergravity absorber of an absorption unit, atomizing a lean CO 2 absorption liquid conveyed by an absorbent circulation unit through a spraying device, and then efficiently contacting the flue gas in a supergravity field, wherein the lean CO 2 absorption liquid absorbs CO 2 in the flue gas to form a rich CO 2 absorption liquid; S2, enabling the CO-rich 2 absorption liquid to enter a heat exchange unit, performing heat exchange with the high-temperature CO-lean 2 absorption liquid discharged by the desorption unit, heating the CO-rich 2 absorption liquid, and cooling the CO-lean 2 absorption liquid; S3, the warmed CO 2 -enriched absorption liquid enters a desorption unit and is compressed into high-temperature high-pressure gas, and the CO 2 -enriched absorption liquid is heated and decomposed in an ultra-gravitational field to release CO 2 gas; s4, purifying, collecting, storing or utilizing CO 2 gas generated by desorption, and carrying out heat exchange and cooling on the lean CO 2 absorption liquid formed by desorption and the rich CO 2 absorption liquid, and conveying the lean CO 2 absorption liquid back to the absorption unit through the absorbent circulation unit for absorbent circulation; S5, after the working medium of the high-temperature heat pump unit releases heat through the condenser, the working medium is throttled and depressurized into low-temperature low-pressure liquid, and the low-temperature low-pressure liquid enters the heat exchange unit to collect system waste heat, and the working medium returns after being evaporated.
10. The method for capturing carbon in the high-temperature heat pump compounded by the hypergravity machine according to claim 9, wherein in the step S1, the pretreatment of the flue gas containing CO 2 comprises dust removal, desulfurization and cooling treatment, the dust content of the flue gas after the pretreatment is less than or equal to 10mg/Nm3, the SO 2 content is less than or equal to 50mg/Nm3, and the temperature is reduced to be within +/-5 ℃ of the set absorption temperature difference of the absorption unit.

Description

Carbon capturing system and capturing method of composite high-temperature heat pump of supergravity machine Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of carbon capture, in particular to a carbon capture system and a carbon capture method of a composite high-temperature heat pump of a supergravity machine. Background Under the promotion of a global carbon neutralization target, the CO 2 is captured, utilized and sequestered (CCUS) technology becomes a core means of emission reduction, and the absorption method is one of the most mature schemes of industrial large-scale application due to high efficiency and strong adaptability, and the CO 2 capturing and absorbent regeneration are realized through absorption-desorption circulation. The existing absorption method system has obvious short plates, namely the energy consumption of desorption regeneration is high, the energy consumption of the traditional steam heating mode is generally higher than 3GJ/tCO 2, the operation cost is high, the mass transfer efficiency is limited, the gas-liquid contact area of equipment such as a fixed bed, a spray tower and the like is small, and the trapping efficiency and the compactness of the equipment are restricted. In the industry, although energy consumption is optimized through waste heat recovery and heat pump auxiliary heat supply or mass transfer is enhanced by adopting a supergravity technology, the problems of low integration level, poor assembly suitability and the like exist in the existing scheme, the supergravity equipment and an energy recovery system are insufficient in cooperation, the heat pump and a desorption unit are weak in coupling, waste heat cascade utilization efficiency is low, and efficient mass transfer and deep energy conservation are difficult to achieve. In addition, partial systems are imperfect in design in terms of equipment corrosion prevention, absorbent regeneration and intelligent regulation, and further limit the reliability and economy of industrial large-scale application. On one hand, the integration level of the supergravity equipment and the energy recovery system is low, the heat demand of the supergravity desorption unit still depends on external energy source supplement, the self waste heat of the system and the heat pump technology are not fully combined to realize energy closed loop, and on the other hand, the existing composite system has the problem of insufficient assembly suitability, such as mismatching of mass transfer characteristics of the supergravity equipment and heat supply parameters of a heat pump and poor synergy of waste heat recovery and lean-rich liquid heat exchange, so that the overall system has poor running stability and limited energy consumption optimizing effect. In addition, the design of part of the system in the aspects of equipment corrosion protection, absorbent regeneration efficiency, intelligent regulation and control precision and the like is imperfect, and the reliability and the economy of the industrial large-scale application of the system are further restricted. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a carbon capturing system and a capturing method of a high-temperature heat pump compounded by a supergravity machine, which are used for solving the problems in the background technology. In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the first technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the carbon capture system of the composite high-temperature heat pump of the hypergravity machine comprises an absorption unit, a heat exchange unit, a desorption unit and an absorbent circulation unit which are sequentially connected in series to form an absorption-desorption cycle; The absorption units and the desorption units are all supergravity machines; The absorption unit is used for fully absorbing CO 2 in the super-gravity field by the flue gas and the absorbent to form CO 2 -rich absorption liquid; the heat exchange unit is electrically connected with the desorption unit, the high-temperature heat pump unit comprises a compressor, a condenser, a throttling element and an evaporator, the condenser is connected with the desorption unit and provides a heat source for the desorption process, and the evaporator is connected with the heat exchange unit and recovers system waste heat; The heat exchange unit is used for realizing heat exchange between the CO 2 -rich absorption liquid and the CO 2 -lean absorption liquid and providing a waste heat source for the high-temperature heat pump unit; The desorption unit is used for heating and desorbing the CO 2 -rich absorption liquid in a hypergravity field to release high-purity CO 2 gas, and the heat requirement of the desorption unit is provided by a condenser of the high-temperature heat pump unit; The absorbent circulation unit is used for conveying the lean CO 2 absorption liquid generated by the desorption unit to the absorption unit for absorbent circulation multipl