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CN-122006662-A - Carbon-based nanomaterial for adsorbing lead ions as well as preparation method and application thereof

CN122006662ACN 122006662 ACN122006662 ACN 122006662ACN-122006662-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a carbon-based nanomaterial for adsorbing lead ions, a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps of dissolving trimesic acid and ethylenediamine in deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic mixing, hydrothermal reaction and centrifugal purification to obtain the water-soluble carbon-based nanomaterial with the surface rich in oxygen-containing/nitrogen-containing functional groups. The average particle size of the material is 15-33 nm, the material has excellent adsorption performance and selectivity to Pb 2+ in aqueous solution under the condition of pH 4.0, the adsorption balance can be achieved within 30min, the saturated adsorption capacity is up to more than 550 mg/g, and the removal rate of Pb 2+ in an actual environmental water sample exceeds 93%. The method has the advantages of simple process, low cost of raw materials and environmental friendliness, and the prepared carbon-based nano adsorbent has good application prospect in the field of heavy metal polluted water body restoration.

Inventors

  • WANG ZHONGXIA
  • SUN ZEYU
  • ZHU JING
  • WANG WEI

Assignees

  • 盐城工学院

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260203

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A method for preparing a carbon-based nanomaterial for adsorbing lead ions, comprising the steps of: step 1), dissolving trimesic acid and ethylenediamine in deionized water, and performing ultrasonic treatment to form a uniform precursor solution; Step 2) carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the precursor solution, wherein the reaction temperature is 160 ℃, and the reaction time is 10 h; and 3) after the reaction is finished, centrifugally separating the obtained product, and collecting supernatant fluid to obtain the carbon-based nanomaterial dispersion liquid.
  2. 2. The preparation method of the carbon-based nanomaterial for adsorbing lead ions according to claim 1, wherein the usage amount of trimesic acid in the step 1) is 75-150 mg, the usage amount of ethylenediamine is 20-50 μl, and the usage amount of deionized water is 5-10 mL; The centrifugation conditions in step 3) are centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 20: 20 min.
  3. 3. A carbon-based nanomaterial for adsorbing lead ions, which is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface of the carbon-based nanomaterial is rich in oxygen-containing functional groups and nitrogen-containing functional groups, and the average particle size of the carbon-based nanomaterial is 15-33 nm.
  4. 4. A carbon-based nanomaterial for adsorbing lead ions as claimed in claim 3 wherein the oxygen-containing functional groups comprise-COOH and-OH and the nitrogen-containing functional groups comprise-NO 2 、-NH 2 and-NH-.
  5. 5. The use of the carbon-based nanomaterial of claim 3 or 4 for adsorption removal of Pb 2+ from a body of water.
  6. 6. The use according to claim 5, wherein the adsorption is performed in a buffer solution having a pH of 4.0 and the adsorption equilibrium is reached within 30 min.
  7. 7. The use according to claim 5, wherein the saturated adsorption capacity of the carbon-based nanomaterial for Pb 2+ is not less than 550 mg/g.
  8. 8. The use according to claim 5, wherein the water body is industrial wastewater or natural water body containing a plurality of coexisting metal ions, and the carbon-based nanomaterial has a higher adsorption selectivity for Pb 2+ than any one of the following metal ions ：Ba 2+ 、Al 3+ 、Ni 2+ 、Cs + 、Ca 2+ 、Cu 2+ 、Cr 3+ 、K + 、Ag + 、Mg 2+ 、Na + 、Zn 2+ 、Mn 2+ 、Cd 2+ 、Co 2+ 、Au 3+ 、Fe 2+ 、Fe 3+ 、Hg 2+ .
  9. 9. Use of the carbon-based nanomaterial of claim 3 or 4 in the preparation of a fluorescent sensing probe.
  10. 10. The use of a carbon-based nanomaterial as claimed in claim 3 or 4 as a functional additive in the preparation of a composite environmental repair material or functional film.

Description

Carbon-based nanomaterial for adsorbing lead ions as well as preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of heavy metal adsorption materials and environmental management, and particularly relates to a carbon-based nanomaterial for adsorbing lead ions, a preparation method and application thereof. Background With the continuous advancement of industrialization, the discharge of waste water containing heavy metal lead ions (Pb 2+) has become a serious environmental and public health problem. Pb 2+ has high toxicity, nondegradability and bioaccumulation, and forms a permanent threat to the ecosystem and human health. Therefore, developing a heavy metal ion adsorption and removal technology which is efficient, good in selectivity, environment-friendly and low in cost is always a research focus in the field of environmental treatment. In the prior art, various adsorption materials and related methods for removing Pb 2+ in water have been reported. For example, chinese patent application CN103861562a functionalizes carbon nanotubes using a metal ion imprinting technique to prepare a composite material having selective adsorption of Pb 2+, and the method forms an imprinted material having Pb 2+ recognition cavities by reacting aminated carbon nanotubes with lead nitrate. However, such methods typically involve elution and re-adsorption of the template ions, are relatively complex in process, and the adsorption capacity of the resulting material is limited (about 40-100 mg/g), with efficiency to be improved in practical wastewater treatment. Another category of research focuses on the development of composite nano-adsorbing materials, for example, chinese patent application CN109759007a loads nano-carbon hydroxyapatite on sepiolite to make composite materials, and uses carriers to prevent nanoparticle agglomeration and enhance stability. Although the material has better adsorption performance on Pb 2+, the preparation of the material involves the processes of multi-step chemical reaction, precise pH regulation, freeze drying and the like, the process is more complicated, the cost is higher, and the composition and the structure of the material are relatively complex, so that the material is not beneficial to large-scale preparation and application. In addition, the Chinese patent application CN114849660A constructs a cyclodextrin-based composite material with a three-dimensional porous structure through electrostatic spinning and in-situ polymerization technology, and realizes adsorption of Pb 2+ by utilizing the high specific surface area and rich functional groups. However, the method needs special equipment (an electrostatic spinning device), an organic solvent and photoinitiated polymerization, has multiple steps, strict condition control, higher raw material cost and insufficient environmental friendliness and economy. In summary, although the conventional Pb 2+ adsorbent has various characteristics, there are still general problems of (1) limited adsorption capacity, difficulty in coping with high concentration pollution, (2) complex preparation process involving multi-step reaction, template elution or special equipment, high cost, (3) expensive raw materials or insufficient environmental friendliness due to the use of organic solvents, (4) high interference of coexisting ions in actual complex water, and (5) complex material structure or insufficient stability, which is unfavorable for large-scale application and recovery. Therefore, development of a novel carbon-based nano adsorption material with simple process, low-cost raw materials, environmental friendliness, high adsorption capacity and excellent selectivity is urgently needed to realize efficient, rapid and low-cost removal of Pb 2+ in water, and the requirement of actual environment restoration is met. Disclosure of Invention Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the carbon-based nanomaterial for adsorbing lead ions, and the preparation method and application thereof, and the material has the advantages of simple process, low cost, environmental friendliness, high adsorption capacity, quick kinetics and excellent selectivity, and provides a technical solution with good application prospect for the efficient restoration of heavy metal lead polluted water. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: A method for preparing a carbon-based nanomaterial for adsorbing lead ions, comprising the steps of: step 1), dissolving trimesic acid and ethylenediamine in deionized water, and performing ultrasonic treatment to form a uniform precursor solution; Step 2) carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the precursor solution, wherein the reaction temperature is 160 ℃, and the reaction time is 10 h; and 3) after the reaction is finished, centrifugally separating the obtained product, and collecting supernatant fluid to obtain the carbon-based nanomaterial dispersio