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CN-122006810-A - Application of zinc complex in preparation of synthetic ester lubricating oil, synthetic ester lubricating oil and preparation method of synthetic ester lubricating oil

CN122006810ACN 122006810 ACN122006810 ACN 122006810ACN-122006810-A

Abstract

The invention provides an application of a zinc complex in preparing synthetic ester lubricating oil, the synthetic ester lubricating oil and a preparation method thereof. In the invention, the zinc complex can be used as a catalyst for synthesizing the synthetic ester lubricating oil, the dissociated ligand and the central part of the residual metal can play the role of a lubricating oil additive after the reaction is completed, separation is not needed after the reaction of catalyzing the synthetic ester lubricating oil is completed, the remarkable improvement of the antioxidant performance of the ester lubricating oil is facilitated, the scientific and technical problems of the negative influence of the residual catalyst on the synthetic ester base oil widely existing at present can be solved, the catalyst separation step is omitted, the synthetic ester preparation procedure is shortened, the industrial batch production is facilitated, and the wide application of the synthetic ester lubricating oil is promoted.

Inventors

  • MA HAIYAN
  • ZHANG GUANGMIAO
  • LI SIHAO
  • YIN ZHENGQUAN

Assignees

  • 上海明可途新材料科技有限公司
  • 华东理工大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20241112

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The application of a zinc complex in synthesizing ester lubricating oil is characterized in that the zinc complex has a structure shown in a formula (I): in the formula (I): R 1 ～R 4 independently represents hydrogen, C 1 ～C 20 straight-chain, branched-chain or cyclic alkyl, C 7 ～C 30 mono-or polyaryl substituted alkyl, halogen; R 5 represents a methylene group or an ethylene group; X 1 ～X 2 represents an alkoxy group of C 1 ～C 12 linear, branched or cyclic structure, an alkyl-substituted amine group of C 1 ～C 12 linear, branched or cyclic structure; X 3 represents halogen.
  2. 2. The use of zinc complexes according to claim 1 in the synthesis of lubricating oils of esters, wherein in formula (I), R 1 ～R 4 is hydrogen, alkyl of C 1 ～C 8 linear, branched or cyclic structure, mono-or poly-aryl substituted alkyl of C 7 ～C 20 , halogen, R 5 represents ethylene, X 1 ～X 2 represents alkoxy of C 1 ～C 6 linear, branched or cyclic structure, alkyl substituted amino of C 1 ～C 6 linear, branched or cyclic structure, X 3 represents chlorine, bromine, iodine, respectively.
  3. 3. The use of zinc complexes according to claim 1 in synthetic ester lubricants, wherein in formula (I), R 1 ～R 4 is independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, t-butyl, cumyl, trityl, chlorine, X 1 ～X 2 is independently selected from methoxy, dimethylamino, diethylamino, and X 3 is chlorine.
  4. 4. A synthetic ester lubricating oil is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials by esterification, wherein the raw materials comprise an organic alcohol substance, an organic acid substance and a catalyst, and the catalyst is an optional zinc complex shown in a general formula (1) in any one of claims 1-3.
  5. 5. The synthetic ester lubricant according to claim 4, wherein the organic alcohol is one, two or three selected from the group consisting of trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol, and the organic acid is one, two or more selected from the group consisting of C 4 ～C 12 monocarboxylic acid and C 6 ～C 12 dicarboxylic acid.
  6. 6. The synthetic ester lubricant according to claim 4, wherein the organic alcohol is pentaerythritol, and the organic acid is one, two or more selected from n-valeric acid, n-caproic acid, n-heptanoic acid, n-caprylic acid, n-nonanoic acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 3, 5-trimethylhexanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, oxalic acid.
  7. 7. The synthetic ester lubricating oil according to claim 4-6, wherein the molar ratio of hydroxyl groups in the organic alcohol substances to carboxyl groups in the organic acid substances is 1:1.0-1.3, and the molar ratio of hydroxyl groups in the organic alcohol substances to the catalyst is 100-5000:1.
  8. 8. The method for preparing the synthetic ester lubricating oil according to any one of claims 4 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the step of mixing an organic alcohol substance, an organic acid substance and a catalyst for esterification reaction to obtain the synthetic ester lubricating oil.
  9. 9. The method for preparing synthetic ester lubricating oil according to claim 8, wherein the esterification reaction is carried out at a temperature of 140-220 ℃ for 2-10 hours.
  10. 10. The method for preparing the synthetic ester lubricating oil according to claim 8-9, wherein catalyst separation is not required after the esterification reaction is completed, and the synthetic ester lubricating oil is obtained.

Description

Application of zinc complex in preparation of synthetic ester lubricating oil, synthetic ester lubricating oil and preparation method of synthetic ester lubricating oil Technical Field The invention relates to the technical fields of complex catalysts, synthetic ester lubricating oil synthesis, lubricating oil additives and lubricating oil modification, in particular to application of a zinc complex in preparation of synthetic ester lubricating oil, synthetic ester lubricating oil and a preparation method thereof. Background The lubricating oil has multiple functions of reducing friction and abrasion, protecting the machine, sealing, prolonging the service life of the machine and the like in the operation of the machine, and is an indispensable part for ensuring the normal operation of the machine. The lubricating oil inevitably enters the natural environment through the ways of volatilization, leakage, overflow and the like in use, so that the environment is harmed, and the development of environment-friendly lubricating oil becomes a necessary development trend. The synthetic ester lubricating oil represented by pentaerythritol fatty acid ester is renewable and biodegradable, has superior properties compared with or even exceeding those of traditional mineral oil lubricating oil, such as excellent viscosity-temperature property, good thermal stability, low volatility, miscibility with mineral oil and most of synthetic oil thereof, good abrasion resistance and friction resistance, and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aircraft turbine engine lubricating oil, precision instrument oil, synthetic compressor oil, refrigerating machine oil and the like. At present, pentaerythritol fatty acid ester is mainly synthesized by esterification reaction of pentaerythritol and fatty acid with a certain chain length. In order to completely esterify reaction and reduce hydroxyl value and acid value, a catalyst is generally added in an esterification reaction system, and conventionally, strong acid such as concentrated sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like is mostly adopted as the catalyst, so that the esterification efficiency is remarkably improved, but products are refined in the modes of catalyst removal, reduced pressure distillation deacidification, alkali washing, water washing, dehydration, adsorption decoloration and the like after the reaction, so that environmental pollution is caused, and the obtained pentaerythritol ester has poor color and luster and poor compression resistance and cannot meet the harsh use requirements under special working conditions. In addition, neutral and basic compounds such as calcium formate, calcium stearate, calcium acetate, lewis acids such as stannous oxide, stannous oxalate, amphoteric compounds such as titanate esters, solid superacids, ionic liquids, and the like are also used to catalyze the esterification of pentaerythritol with fatty acids. Patent application CN201910525496.7 discloses a method for synthesizing neopentyl polyol ester by catalyzing polyol and methyl oleate to esterify with sodium formate as a catalyst, and after the reaction, diethyl ether is added for dilution and cleaning to be neutral. Patent application CN202310619124.7 discloses that stannous oxalate is used as a catalyst to catalyze esterification reaction of pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane and mixed acid, and the steps of alkali washing, water washing, filtering and the like are needed after the reaction to obtain a base oil refined product. Patent application CN202310268904.1 discloses a method for synthesizing lubricating oil base oil by catalyzing pentaerythritol and mixed acid to esterify with tetrabutyl titanate, and adding activated carbon to decolorize after the reaction, and filtering. Patent application CN201910926763.1 utilizes SO 42-/TiO2 type solid superacid to catalyze esterification of pentaerythritol, n-valeric acid, n-heptanoic acid and the like to synthesize lubricating oil base oil, and the catalyst is not stable enough and is easy to deactivate although the catalyst is easy to separate. Patent application CN202011267460.2 utilizes bifunctional ionic liquid to catalyze esterification of pentaerythritol and n-caproic acid, and the catalyst is not required to be separated after the reaction, but the catalytic efficiency is not high enough on the whole, and only synthesis of ten-gram-scale lubricating oil base oil is realized. In addition, the research shows that the pentaerythritol branched acid ester has more excellent low-temperature performance, the low-temperature performance of the lubricating oil base oil can be obviously improved by mixing the pentaerythritol branched acid ester with the linear acid ester, and the high-temperature resistance (CN 202310268904.1) can be obviously improved by introducing rigid alicyclic diacid into the esterification system of pentaerythritol and mixed acid. The branched chain acid, the rigid alicyclic diacid and the like h