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CN-122006992-A - Directional frosting and self-shedding frosting prevention surface based on super-hydrophilic-super-hydrophobic patterning and preparation method and application thereof

CN122006992ACN 122006992 ACN122006992 ACN 122006992ACN-122006992-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a directional frosting and self-shedding frosting prevention surface based on super-hydrophilic-super-hydrophobic patterning and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the super-hydrophilic-super-hydrophobic patterned directional frost and self-shedding anti-frosting surface-based super-hydrophilic dot matrix region and super-hydrophobic background region, the shape, size and distance can be optimally designed according to specific environmental conditions, so that the optimal anti-frosting effect is achieved. The surface is not required to completely prevent frosting, but a random and harmful frosting process is changed into a controllable and harmless process through careful surface energy design, and self-shedding is realized by utilizing the physical characteristics of the frost layer, so that the high-efficiency anti-icing performance of the surface is maintained for a long time.

Inventors

  • LIN BINGFEN
  • YAN JUN

Assignees

  • 佛山市南伽科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20251231

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The directional frost and self-shedding frost prevention surface based on the superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic patterning is characterized by comprising a substrate, wherein a superhydrophilic lattice area and a superhydrophobic background area are arranged on the substrate, the superhydrophilic lattice area and the superhydrophobic background area are opposite in wettability, the superhydrophilic lattice area is discretely distributed on the surface of the substrate, and the superhydrophilic lattice area is in a regular geometric shape or a convex polygon structure derived from the regular geometric shape.
  2. 2. The superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic patterned oriented frost and self-shedding anti-frosting surface of claim 1, wherein the shape of the superhydrophilic lattice region is one of circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, triangular, star-shaped, or cross-shaped.
  3. 3. The directed frosting and self-shedding anti-frosting surface based on superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic patterning according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the superhydrophilic lattice region has photocatalytic activity derived from a photocatalytic nanomaterial doped or compounded therein, and the photocatalytic nanomaterial is at least one of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, graphite-like carbon nitride or bismuth tungstate.
  4. 4. A method of preparing a superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic patterned oriented frost and self-shedding anti-frosting surface according to any of claims 1-3, comprising the steps of: (A1) Constructing a micro-nano hierarchical coarse structure on the surface of a substrate, and carrying out full-surface energy modification on the micro-nano hierarchical coarse structure to form an initial superhydrophobic surface; (A2) Selectively patterning the initial superhydrophobic surface by a patterning technology to remove or degrade a surface energy modification layer in a preset pattern area, so that an unmodified micro-nano hierarchical coarse structure is exposed in the preset pattern area to form an area with opposite wettability to the initial superhydrophobic surface, namely a superhydrophilic lattice area, and the rest background area is a superhydrophobic background area; the super-hydrophilic dot matrix region and the super-hydrophobic background region are complementary in space and form a complete directional frosting and self-shedding frosting prevention surface based on super-hydrophilic-super-hydrophobic patterning.
  5. 5. The method for preparing the directional frost and self-shedding anti-frosting surface based on super-hydrophilic-super-hydrophobic patterning of claim 4, wherein the patterning technology in the step (A2) is mask-assisted plasma etching, laser direct writing etching or photocatalytic degradation.
  6. 6. A method of preparing a superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic patterned oriented frost and self-shedding anti-frosting surface according to any of claims 1-3, comprising the steps of: (B1) A first functional material with a hydrophilic and micro-nano rough structure is selectively deposited or grown on a first preset area through a first mask auxiliary or direct-writing coating technology on the surface of a substrate to form a super-hydrophilic lattice area; (B2) A second functional material with a hydrophobic and micro-nano rough structure is selectively deposited or grown in a second preset area through a second mask auxiliary or direct-writing coating technology to form a super-hydrophobic background area; The micro-nano rough structure of at least one of the first functional material and the second functional material is formed by stacking or in-situ growth of nano particles of the material; The super-hydrophilic dot matrix region and the super-hydrophobic background region are complementary in space, and complete directional frost and self-shedding anti-frosting surface based on super-hydrophilic-super-hydrophobic patterning is formed together.
  7. 7. The method for preparing a directional frost and self-shedding anti-frosting surface based on superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic patterning according to claim 6, wherein the first mask-assisted or direct-write coating technique and the second mask-assisted or direct-write coating technique are independently selected from mask-assisted spray, inkjet printing or aerosol spray direct-write techniques.
  8. 8. A method of preparing a superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic patterned oriented frost and self-shedding anti-frosting surface according to any of claims 1-3, comprising the steps of: (C1) Preprocessing a substrate to construct a micro-nano coarse structure; (C2) Carrying out surface modification technology treatment on a first preset area of the substrate to obtain hydrophilicity and form a super-hydrophilic lattice area; (C3) Carrying out surface modification technology treatment on a second preset area of the substrate to obtain hydrophobicity and form a super-hydrophobic background area; The processing sequences of the step (C2) and the step (C3) are interchangeable, and the super-hydrophilic dot matrix area and the super-hydrophobic background area jointly form the required directional frost and self-shedding anti-frosting surface based on super-hydrophilic-super-hydrophobic patterning.
  9. 9. The method for preparing a directional frost and self-shedding anti-frosting surface based on superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic patterning according to claim 8, wherein the surface modification technique treatment of the first preset area and the surface modification technique treatment of the second preset area are independently selected from micro-contact printing, local electrochemical deposition or scanning probe induced chemical reaction.
  10. 10. Use of the superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic patterned oriented frost and self-shedding anti-frosting surface according to any of claims 1-3 in the fields of refrigeration system evaporators, aircraft wings, wind turbine blades, solar photovoltaic panels, outdoor sensor devices, power transmission devices, etc.

Description

Directional frosting and self-shedding frosting prevention surface based on super-hydrophilic-super-hydrophobic patterning and preparation method and application thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of surface engineering and anti-frosting, and particularly relates to a directional frosting and self-shedding anti-frosting surface based on super-hydrophilic-super-hydrophobic patterning, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background When key equipment such as an air source heat pump, refrigeration equipment, aerospace equipment and power transmission facilities are operated in a low-temperature high-humidity environment, frosting and icing phenomena are extremely easy to occur on the surfaces of a heat exchanger, a wing or an insulator. The formation of frost and ice layers can severely impede air circulation, add additional load, reduce heat transfer efficiency, and may cause equipment failure, safety hazards, and huge energy waste. Therefore, development of efficient, energy-saving and reliable anti-frosting technology is always a focus of attention in the related industrial fields and scientific research. The existing solutions are divided into active defrosting and passive defrosting technologies, the active defrosting comprises an electric heating defrosting technology, a photo-thermal defrosting technology and a chemical antifreeze doping technology, however, the electric heating defrosting has high energy consumption, the photo-thermal defrosting is limited by the environment, and the chemical antifreeze is added to possibly have long-term stability and environmental protection problems. The passive defrosting technology mainly uses the anti-frosting performance of the super-hydrophobic coating. But superhydrophobic coatings lose effectiveness under high humidity conditions due to capillary condensation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an active anti-frosting technology that does not depend on external energy, does not consume chemicals, and can stably operate for a long period of time. Disclosure of Invention In order to overcome the defects and the shortcomings of the prior art, the primary aim of the invention is to provide a directional frost and self-shedding anti-frosting surface based on super-hydrophilic-super-hydrophobic patterning. The surface is not required to completely prevent frosting, but a random and harmful frosting process is changed into a controllable and harmless process through careful surface energy design, and self-shedding is realized by utilizing the physical characteristics of the frost layer, so that the high-efficiency anti-icing performance of the surface is maintained for a long time. The second aim of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the directional frost and self-shedding anti-frosting surface based on super-hydrophilic-super-hydrophobic patterning. The third object of the invention is to provide an application of directional frost and self-shedding anti-frosting surface based on super-hydrophilic-super-hydrophobic patterning. The primary purpose of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme: the directional frost and self-shedding frost prevention surface based on the super-hydrophilic-super-hydrophobic patterning comprises a substrate, wherein a super-hydrophilic lattice area and a super-hydrophobic background area are arranged on the substrate, the super-hydrophilic lattice area and the super-hydrophobic background area are opposite in wettability, the super-hydrophilic lattice area is discretely distributed on the surface of the substrate, and the super-hydrophilic lattice area is in a regular geometric shape or a convex polygon structure derived from the regular geometric shape. Preferably, the shape of the super-hydrophilic lattice region is one of a circle, an ellipse, a square, a rectangle, a triangle, a star, or a cross. Preferably, the surface of the super-hydrophilic lattice region has photocatalytic activity, the photocatalytic activity is derived from a photocatalytic nanomaterial doped or compounded in the super-hydrophilic lattice region, and the photocatalytic nanomaterial is at least one of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, graphite-like carbon nitride or bismuth tungstate. Preferably, the size of the superhydrophilic lattice region is from 1 micron to 1000 microns. Preferably, the intermediate spacing between adjacent regions of the superhydrophilic lattice is from 10 microns to 5000 microns. Preferably, an intermediate region is further arranged on the substrate, and the intermediate region is a wettability gradient transition region between the super-hydrophilic lattice region and the super-hydrophobic background region. Preferably, the width of the intermediate region is from 1 micron to 5 microns. Preferably, the substrate is at least one of aluminum and its alloys, copper and its alloys, titanium and its alloys, magnesium and its alloys, stainless steel, car