CN-122007125-A - Recovery processing method of scrapped battery

CN122007125ACN 122007125 ACN122007125 ACN 122007125ACN-122007125-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a recovery processing method of a scrapped battery, which comprises the steps of S1, crushing the battery into fragments under a nitrogen circulation state, S2, cracking the crushed battery fragments in a cracking furnace body, S3, filtering particles in a physical filtering device by a front exhaust pipe of a front exhaust assembly, S4, discharging the filtered tail gas in a cracking gas combustion furnace through a flame-retardant container for combustion by the physical filtering device, S5, conveying a mixture of positive and negative fragments, metal particles and black powder in a cracked product to a feeding fan of a front end processing structure, crushing the positive and negative fragments by the feeding fan, S6, carrying out twice sorting and twice color sorting on the crushed material, S7, carrying out drum screening and cyclone separation again on the components after color sorting, and screening the separated particles again by different reselecters to obtain different products respectively.

Inventors

Xiao Kaige
DAI YUANSHEN
Yao Lingke
ZHANG YUE
HU ZHANYI
Xiang Renyong

Assignees

福建常青新能源科技有限公司
巴斯夫（中国）有限公司
成都祐健科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260313

Claims (10)

1. The recovery processing method of the scrapped battery is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, a battery is input into a high-speed shredder of a battery crushing structure through a climbing conveyor belt to be crushed into battery fragments, nitrogen after pressurization in the crushing process is guided by a pressurization guide piece and rapidly circulates in a nitrogen circulating structure and the high-speed shredder, and tail gas generated by the high-speed shredder is precipitated in a precipitation separation structure through an upper tail gas conduit and is connected to a combustor; s2, crushed battery fragments enter a cracking furnace body through a feeding device under the transmission of an external material lifting mechanism, and materials are conveyed to one side of a discharging end through a feeding end of the cracking furnace body so as to be subjected to high-temperature anaerobic cracking, and then are collected and discharged through the cracking furnace body; s3, enabling the tail gas generated by high-temperature pyrolysis to enter a physical filtering device through a front exhaust pipe of a front exhaust assembly for filtering particles; S4, discharging the tail gas filtered by the physical filter device into a pyrolysis gas combustion furnace for combustion after passing through the flame-retardant container, and when the combustion flame of the pyrolysis gas combustion furnace reversely extends into the flame-retardant container, burning out the traction component, and sealing the air inlet end of the flame-retardant container by the closure plate under the driving of the elastic force of the elastic piece; s5, transmitting the mixture of the positive and negative fragments, the metal particles and the black powder in the cracked product to a feeding fan of a front-end processing structure, and crushing the positive and negative fragments through the feeding fan; s6, inputting the crushed materials into a first rotary screen for separation, screening out a part of black powder to obtain a residual first product, inputting the first product into a first screening unit for first air separation, vibrating and separating light components obtained after air separation, then performing first color separation, inputting heavy components obtained after color separation into a second screening unit, performing second air separation in the second screening unit, vibrating and separating light components obtained after air separation, and then performing second color separation; And S7, inputting the heavy components after color selection into a second rotary screen through a rear end treatment structure, screening black powder with smaller particle size through the second rotary screen, grading the second product through a third cyclone separator to obtain the rest second product, enabling the second product to orderly fall into a swing screen for separation, and screening the separated particles again through different resellers to respectively obtain different products.
2. The recovery processing method of the scrapped battery according to claim 1, wherein the discharging end of the climbing conveyor belt is connected with a battery crushing structure, a tail gas processing device is arranged at the top of the battery crushing structure, an inlet and outlet sealing structure is arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the battery crushing structure, the battery crushing structure comprises a high-speed shredder and a nitrogen circulating structure arranged at the lateral direction of the high-speed shredder, a pressurizing guide piece is arranged at the upper end and the lower end inside the high-speed shredder, pressurized nitrogen is guided by the pressurizing guide piece and then rapidly circulates in the nitrogen circulating structure and the high-speed shredder, the tail gas processing device comprises an upper tail gas guide pipe arranged at the upper end of an upper connecting cylinder and a precipitation separation structure, and tail gas generated by the high-speed shredder is precipitated in the precipitation separation structure through the upper tail gas guide pipe and is connected to a combustor.
3. The recycling method of the scrapped batteries according to claim 1, further comprising a pyrolysis kiln, wherein the pyrolysis kiln comprises a pyrolysis furnace body with a feeding channel, a collection container connected to the discharging end of the pyrolysis furnace body, a front exhaust assembly, wherein the front exhaust assembly comprises an exhaust pipe connected to an exhaust port of the feeding channel, the exhaust pipe is connected to an air inlet end of a corresponding physical filtering device, an air outlet end of the physical filtering device is connected to an air inlet end of a corresponding flame-retardant container, the air outlet end of the flame-retardant container is connected to an air inlet end of a corresponding pyrolysis gas combustion furnace, a corresponding closing plate is arranged outside the air inlet end of the flame-retardant container through a corresponding elastic piece, and one side of the closing plate, which is not connected with the elastic piece, is pulled and connected to the air outlet end of the flame-retardant container through a pulling assembly made of combustibles, and the elastic piece is arranged in a tensioning state.
4. The method for recycling the scrapped batteries according to claim 1, further comprising a front sorting unit and a rear sorting unit, wherein the front sorting unit comprises a front end processing structure for conveying a mixture of positive and negative fragments, metal particles and black powder, the front end processing structure breaks the positive and negative fragments in the process of conveying the mixture, the front end processing structure is sequentially connected with a first roller screen, the first screening unit and a second screening unit, the rear sorting unit comprises a rear end processing structure connected with the second screening unit, and the rear end processing structure is sequentially connected with a second roller screen, a third cyclone separator, a swinging screen and a re-selector.
5. The recycling method of scrapped batteries according to claim 2, wherein an upper connecting cylinder is installed at the upper end of the high-speed shredder, a lower connecting cylinder is installed at the lower end of the high-speed shredder, the pressurizing guide piece comprises an annular separation cover arranged on the upper connecting cylinder and the lower connecting cylinder, the annular separation cover is connected with an external air passage, a sealing sheet is connected to the inner side of the annular separation cover, a connecting sheet is arranged between the sealing sheets, when the batteries are fed, the sealing sheet naturally sags, when the high-speed shredder is broken, the sealing sheet is inflated and is connected through the connecting sheet to form a sealing surface guide, and a guide plate is arranged on one side of the annular separation cover away from the upper connecting cylinder and the lower connecting cylinder.
6. The method for recycling the scrapped battery according to claim 5, wherein the precipitation separation structure comprises an extension pipeline connected with the processor, a rotary precipitator is connected to the tail end of the extension pipeline, the outlet end of the rotary precipitator is connected with a tail gas speed increasing structure, the tail gas speed increasing structure is output to a lower precipitator, tail gas is precipitated by the lower precipitator and then is connected to the combustor through a combustion pipeline, the rotary precipitator comprises a first turning section connected with the extension pipeline, the lower end of the first turning section is connected with a precipitation section, the outlet end of the precipitation section is connected with a second turning section, the second turning section is connected into the tail gas structure, the lower end of the precipitation section is connected with a precipitation discharge pipe, the precipitation discharge pipe is controlled by a discharge valve, the tail gas speed increasing structure comprises a fan mounting frame, a fan mounting seat is arranged on the tail gas mounting frame, the tail gas is precipitated by the lower precipitator and then is connected to the combustor through a combustion pipeline, the air outlet end of the rotary precipitator is inserted into the air inlet end of the combustor, the air inlet end of the speed increasing fan is inserted into a first turning section connected with the extension pipeline, the lower deflector is connected with a plurality of inclined air inlet guide plates of the inclined air guide tubes, and the inclined air guide tubes are arranged at the lower part of the inclined air guide tube is arranged at the lower part of the inclined bottom of the inclined air guide tube.
7. The recycling method of scrapped batteries according to claim 6, wherein the nitrogen gas circulation structure comprises a first circulation pipe arranged at the lateral direction of the upper connection cylinder, a second circulation pipe is connected at the lateral direction of the lower connection cylinder, the first circulation pipe and the second circulation pipe are connected through a circulation connection pipe, and an included angle between the first circulation pipe, the second circulation pipe and a horizontal plane is 120-150 degrees.
8. The recovery processing method of the scrapped battery according to claim 3 is characterized in that the pulling assembly is formed by a small-diameter pulling rope comprising a plurality of small-diameter pulling ropes which are arranged in an annular array, one ends of the small-diameter pulling ropes are respectively fixed to the back of the closing plate, the other ends of the small-diameter pulling ropes are respectively fixed to the air outlet ends of the flame-retardant container, the small-diameter pulling ropes penetrate through fixing holes arranged on the outer sides of corresponding annular plates respectively, when flames of the pyrolysis gas combustion furnace reversely extend into the flame-retardant container, the pulling assembly is blown, the closing plate is driven by elastic force of an elastic piece to form a seal on the air inlet end of the flame-retardant container, an oil stain catcher for catching and discharging oil stains is arranged on the air outlet pipe, the oil stain catcher is used for catching and discharging oil stain particles in gas flowing through the air outlet pipe, the air outlet pipe comprises a horizontal air outlet section, two ends of the horizontal air outlet section are respectively connected to the air outlet of the air inlet channel and the air inlet end of a physical filtering device through corresponding guide pipes, when flames of the pyrolysis gas combustion furnace reversely extend into the flame-retardant container, the oil stain catcher is arranged on the air inlet end of the corresponding spiral furnace body and the air outlet section is arranged on the air inlet end of the air outlet plate, the air catcher is arranged on the air inlet end of the air inlet plate, and the air catcher is arranged on the air inlet end of the air collector, and the air catcher is arranged on the air inlet plate.
9. The method for recycling the scrapped battery according to claim 4, wherein the front end processing structure is the same as the rear end processing structure, the front end processing structure comprises a feeding fan connected with a cooler, the discharging end of the feeding fan is connected with a feeding air pipe, the feeding fan comprises a middle rotating shaft, a plurality of feeding fan seats are embedded in the middle rotating shaft, a weight sensing structure is arranged on the feeding fan, a placement cage is arranged on the inner side of the feeding air pipe, a plurality of abduction power pieces are arranged on the inner side of the placement cage, the abduction power pieces are connected with a plurality of parting pieces, and the radiation range of the parting pieces is changed when the abduction power pieces act.
10. The method for recycling the scrapped battery according to claim 9, wherein the placement cage comprises an upper cage plate and a lower cage plate which are arranged in the feeding air pipe, an inner framework is connected between the upper cage plate and the lower cage plate, a plurality of abduction power pieces are embedded on the inner framework, each abduction power piece comprises an abduction push rod embedded in the inner framework, a lower tensioning disc is arranged at the output end of each abduction push rod, a plurality of tensioning heads are arranged on the lower tensioning disc, the tensioning heads slide up and down in rib grooves in the lateral direction of the inner framework, each cutting piece comprises a tensioning spring connected with each tensioning head, a splitting blade is connected to the lower end of each spring, and a plurality of barbs are arranged on each splitting blade.

Description

Recovery processing method of scrapped battery Technical Field The invention relates to the field of battery recovery, in particular to a recovery processing method of a scrapped battery. Background Battery recycling is a rapidly growing strategic emerging industry that not only can block the entry of harmful substances in batteries into the environment, but also can extract metals from waste batteries, has lower energy consumption, lower cost and less environmental pollution than the exploitation of smelting from raw ores, the existing battery recycling method comprises a direct crushing method and a step-by-step decomposing method, wherein the step-by-step decomposing method adopts a step-by-step treatment mode to separate each part, but the cost is high, the direct crushing method directly throws the battery into a crusher to crush, and then the crushed battery fragments are treated and screened, so that the cost of the latter is far less than that of the former. The traditional direct crushing method comprises the steps of crushing a battery, crushing the battery into battery fragments, then pyrolyzing the fragments, and sorting the pyrolyzed fragments into different products step by step, wherein the problems easily occur in the process of 1. Nitrogen protection is carried out in the crushing process, but the pressurized nitrogen is easy to follow a feeding and discharging loss part, so that energy waste is caused, the gas has certain pollution and needs to be properly treated, 2. The tail gas of the pyrolysis is easy to liquefy due to temperature dip after being output from the rear end, the liquefied chlorine can pollute the products, so that the purity of the products is influenced, 3. The battery fragments are difficult to separate in the air separation and color separation process if secondary crushing is not carried out, and the particles in the fragments are crushed smaller and are difficult to separate in the separation process if secondary crushing is carried out. The scheme aims to provide a recovery processing method of scrapped batteries, which can not only accelerate the nitrogen circulation in the crushing process and properly process tail gas, but also discharge gas from the front end during the cracking process, so that the purity of the cracked products is ensured, and the flaky objects in the battery fragments can be crushed independently, so that the sorting effect is ensured. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a recovery processing method of a scrapped battery, which can effectively solve the problems. The invention is realized in the following way: A recovery processing method of scrapped batteries comprises the following steps: s1, a battery is input into a high-speed shredder of a battery crushing structure through a climbing conveyor belt to be crushed into battery fragments, nitrogen after pressurization in the crushing process is guided by a pressurization guide piece and rapidly circulates in a nitrogen circulating structure and the high-speed shredder, and tail gas generated by the high-speed shredder is precipitated in a precipitation separation structure through an upper tail gas conduit and is connected to a combustor; s2, crushed battery fragments enter a cracking furnace body through a feeding device under the transmission of an external material lifting mechanism, and materials are conveyed to one side of a discharging end through a feeding end of the cracking furnace body so as to be subjected to high-temperature anaerobic cracking, and then are collected and discharged through the cracking furnace body; s3, enabling the tail gas generated by high-temperature pyrolysis to enter a physical filtering device through a front exhaust pipe of a front exhaust assembly for filtering particles; S4, discharging the tail gas filtered by the physical filter device into a pyrolysis gas combustion furnace for combustion after passing through the flame-retardant container, wherein when combustion flame of the pyrolysis gas combustion furnace reversely extends into the flame-retardant container, the pulling assembly is blown, and the closing plate closes the air inlet end of the flame-retardant container under the driving of the elastic force of the elastic piece; s5, transmitting the mixture of the positive and negative fragments, the metal particles and the black powder in the cracked product to a feeding fan of a front-end processing structure, and crushing the positive and negative fragments through the feeding fan; s6, inputting the crushed materials into a first rotary screen for separation, screening out a part of black powder to obtain a residual first product, inputting the first product into a first screening unit for first air separation, vibrating and separating light components obtained after air separation, then performing first color separation, inputting heavy components obtained after color separation into a second screening unit, performing second air se