CN-122007145-A - Ecological restoration method for abandoned land of alpine mining industry

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological restoration method for a high and cold mining abandoned land, and belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration of mining areas. The ecological restoration method for the abandoned land of the alpine mining industry comprises the following steps of (1) site investigation and quantification, (2) terrain improvement and soil pretreatment, (3) soil improvement, (4) functional microorganism inoculation, and (5) cold-resistant plant configuration and habitat maintenance. The invention provides a comprehensive restoration method integrating cold-resistant plant screening, soil matrix targeting improvement, functional microorganism and plant coupling restoration and auxiliary engineering measures, which aims to effectively solve the key problems of low vegetation survival rate, soil impoverishment, poor matrix stability, limited microorganism activity and the like in ecological restoration of a severe cold mining area and realize rapid, stable and sustainable ecological restoration of abandoned lands.

Inventors

• LI YANYING
• WANG XIAONAN
• LI FENGLIN
• LIN YINGHONG
• LI JINGNI
• YU XINLIN
• LIANG JIELIANG
• JIA PU
• LI JINTIAN

Assignees

• 华南师范大学

Dates

Publication Date

20260512

Application Date

20260109

Claims (10)

1. 1. The ecological restoration method for the high and cold mining abandoned land is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) Site survey and quantification, namely measuring physical and chemical properties of soil, and calculating the dosage of an improved material and a microbial inoculum; (2) The land form improvement and soil pretreatment, namely slope trimming, water pit backfilling, soil covering in gravel areas and ploughing; (3) Soil improvement, namely applying an alkaline material and an organic composite matrix; (4) Functional microorganism inoculation, namely inoculating cold-resistant sulfate reducing bacteria; (5) Planting grass-irrigated stereoscopic communities, covering straws and mulching films; the cold-resistant sulfate-reducing flora is enriched and domesticated from the soil of the Tibetan emax mining area.
2. 2. The method for ecologically restoring high-cold mining waste lands of claim 1 wherein the cold-resistant sulfate-reducing flora comprises campylobacter, sausage-shaped bacteria and clostridium.
3. 3. The ecological restoration method for the alpine mining waste land according to claim 1, wherein the cold-resistant sulfate-reducing flora comprises a desulphurized campylobacter with an abundance percentage of 60-63%, a strict clostridium with an abundance percentage of 20-28% and a trichoderma with an abundance percentage of 10-15%.
4. 4. The ecological restoration method for the alpine mining waste land according to claim 1, wherein the enrichment and domestication method for the cold-resistant sulfate-reducing flora comprises the following steps: (1) The enrichment of cold-resistant sulfate reducing bacteria, namely weighing a soil sample, inoculating the soil sample into an improved Postgate liquid culture medium, and performing primary anaerobic enrichment; (2) And (3) carrying out low-temperature directional domestication on the cold-resistant sulfate reducing flora, namely when the culture medium in the step (1) is changed from clear to black or black sediment, transferring the bacterial liquid into a modified Postgate liquid culture medium which is kept unchanged at 15℃, pH, continuously transferring for 6-7 times, and reducing the culture temperature to 1 ℃ until the culture temperature is 10 ℃ during each transfer.
5. 5. The ecological restoration method for the alpine mining waste land according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline material in the step (3) is slaked lime, and the dosage calculation formula of the slaked lime is as follows: (a) The net acid yield NAG per ton of acid soil was calculated as: wherein m is the volume of sodium hydroxide standard solution consumed in NAG measurement, and w is the mass of soil sample weighed in NAG measurement; (b) Ca (OH) 2 amount required per ton of acid soil for neutralization: (c) The total amount of Ca (OH) 2 required to modify a repair area of area b and depth a was estimated: wherein b is the area of the soil to be repaired, and a is the depth of the soil to be improved.
6. 6. The ecological restoration method for the alpine mining waste land according to claim 1, wherein the organic composite matrix in the step (3) comprises yak dung and river sediment, and the mass ratio of the yak dung to the river sediment in the organic composite matrix is that of the yak dung to the river sediment=2:1.
7. 7. The ecological restoration method for the alpine mining waste land according to claim 1, wherein the sulfate reduction rate of the cold-resistant sulfate reducing flora is more than or equal to 70% under the condition of 10 ℃.
8. 8. The ecological restoration method for the alpine mining waste land according to claim 1, wherein the dosage calculation formula of the cold-resistant sulfate-reducing flora in the step (4) is as follows: The target concentration is 1X 10 8 - 1×10 10 CFU/kg, the bacterial liquid concentration is 1X 10 10 - 1×10 11 CFU/L, and the inoculation depth is 0.10-0.12 m.
9. 9. The ecological restoration method for the alpine mining waste land according to claim 1, wherein the grass-filled stereoscopic community in the step (5) comprises a herbal layer and a shrub layer, plants of the herbal layer comprise at least one of elymus chinensis, bluegrass, festuca arundinacea, ryegrass, purple flower alfalfa, tibetan dandelion, radix euphorbiae Fischerianae, festuca, gao Shandou, teff and sorrel, and plants of the shrub layer comprise at least one of sea buckthorn, golden plum, golden arm, alpine rhododendron and multi-branch tamarix.
10. 10. The use of the ecological restoration method for the alpine mining waste land according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in the restoration of the alpine mining waste land.

Description

Ecological restoration method for abandoned land of alpine mining industry Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of mining areas, in particular to an ecological restoration method for abandoned lands of alpine mining. Background The mining activities inevitably produce a large amount of abandoned lands (such as a dumping site, a tailing pond, a waste rock pile, an open pit, a subsidence land and the like), the extremely severe land conditions are commonly presented in the areas, the fundamental obstacle of ecological restoration is formed, the soil is extremely barren in nutrients and is severely deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matters, the physical structure is extremely unstable, corrosion and landslide are easy to occur, and more seriously, the soil is often strongly acidic and has great potential of continuous acidification, and meanwhile, the heavy metal content is severely out of standard and the biological toxicity is strong. The severe climate conditions peculiar to the high-cold high-altitude mining areas generate superposition amplification effects on the inherent severe site conditions, and the ecological restoration process is obviously restricted. The extremely low temperature and extremely short effective growth season lead to serious shortage of plant growth time, limit of growth rate due to lack of effective accumulated temperature, repeatedly destroy soil structure due to strong seasonal freeze thawing cycle, aggravate nutrient leaching, damage plant root system, and remarkably increase risk of slope instability, and strong solar radiation (especially ultraviolet rays) and high evaporation capacity caused by high altitude are extremely easy to cause physiological drought of plants. In addition, the extremely limited window period for proper construction and maintenance further increases the difficulty and cost of repair. There are significant limitations to current ecological restoration techniques for such high and cold mining abandoned lands: (1) The effect of plant communities on acidic wastewater source reduction is ignored, the current ecological restoration technology is excessively focused on pure vegetation coverage, and the potential core effect of the plant communities on mine acidic wastewater (ACID MINE DRAINAGE, AMD) source reduction is seriously ignored. The simple pursuit of vegetation restoration can not effectively inhibit oxidation of sulfide or neutralize acidity generated by screening specific plants and rhizosphere microorganisms thereof, so that the effect of're-greening' is short, the acid inhibition effect is poor, and the core environmental problem of AMD pollution can not be fundamentally solved. (2) The limitation and instability of the application of functional microorganisms, namely, although Sulfate-reducing bacteria (Sulfate-reducing bacteria, SRB) and urease-producing bacteria have been widely concerned in the management of AMD sources, there are common application bottlenecks (especially in high and cold environments), the activity of normal-temperature strains is severely inhibited in extremely low-temperature environments, the colonization is difficult, and the efficacy is highly sensitive to severe fluctuation of environmental conditions (such as pH, redox potential, nutrients and the like), so that the acid inhibiting effect is unstable and the persistence is poor. (3) The lack of effective synergy between microorganisms and plants in the prior art often results in the repair of microorganisms and the repair of plants by splitting, failing to fully utilize plants to create favorable rhizosphere conditions (e.g., root systems of developed plants form anaerobic microenvironments to help better colonization of SRBs) to stabilize and enhance the activity and efficacy of functional microorganisms. (4) The single measure has poor effect and lacks systematicness, and the method is difficult to be effective in complex and severe environments of high-cold mining areas by only adopting the single technical measures of earthing, sowing, applying general modifier or single microbial agent and the like for fracturing, and often results in repeated failure of repair, high cost and extremely slow recovery of ecological functions. Therefore, a comprehensive ecological restoration technology capable of cooperatively achieving double targets of vegetation restoration and acid wastewater source reduction and effectively overcoming severe cold multiple stress is needed, and the core of the comprehensive ecological restoration technology is to construct a stable synergistic system of cold-resistant plants and microorganisms with specific functions. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an ecological restoration method for abandoned lands of severe cold mining. In order to achieve the aim, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the ecologica