CN-122007242-A - Multi-directional loading device and method for fluid-solid multi-medium supported thin-wall member

CN122007242ACN 122007242 ACN122007242 ACN 122007242ACN-122007242-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plastic forming of metal thin-wall components, and discloses a multi-directional loading device and method for a fluid-solid multi-medium supported thin-wall component. The multi-directional loading device for the thin-wall component supported by the fluid-solid multi-medium comprises an upper pressing module, a lower pressing module, a front pressing module, a rear pressing module and axial sealing loading units, wherein the upper pressing module and the lower pressing module are symmetrically arranged along the Y direction, the front pressing module and the rear pressing module are symmetrically arranged along the Z direction, and the two axial sealing loading units are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the pipe along the X direction. The multi-medium fluid-solid coupling pressure forming mode is different from the traditional single-liquid and single-gas forming process, the multi-medium combined structure comprising gas, liquid and solid is adopted, the compression characteristic can be flexibly adjusted through the synergistic effect of three mediums, the problems of fixed compression characteristic and large pressure variation fluctuation in the traditional single-medium forming process are effectively solved, stable pressure variation in a die cavity is ensured, the stability of the forming process is obviously improved, and the forming defects are reduced.

Inventors

ZHAO YINGGUANG
SUN XIANGYUE
ZHAO HAOCHEN
Han Xiuji
WANG JUNZHUO
Tian Gaoning
LIN YANLI
HE ZHUBIN

Assignees

大连理工大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260408

Claims (6)

1. The fluid-solid multi-medium supported thin-wall member multidirectional loading device is characterized by comprising an upper pressing module (A), a lower pressing module (B), a front pressing module (C), a rear pressing module (D) and an axial sealing loading unit; The pipe is defined as X-direction in the axial direction, Y-direction in the radial vertical direction and Z-direction in the radial horizontal direction, the upper pressing module (A) and the lower pressing module (B) are symmetrically arranged along the Y-direction, the front pressing module (C) and the rear pressing module (D) are symmetrically arranged along the Z-direction, and the two axial sealing loading units are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the pipe along the X-direction.
2. The multi-media supported thin-wall component multidirectional loading device of claim 1, wherein the upper pressing module (A) comprises an upper plate (2), a fixing wedge block (3), a nitrogen spring (4), a hydraulic clamp (5), an upper die positioning groove (17), an upper die left part (7), an upper die middle part (8) and an upper die right part (9), the upper plate (2) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of a press sliding block (1) through the hydraulic clamp (5), the upper die left part (7) is connected with the upper plate (2) through the nitrogen spring (4), the fixing wedge block (3) and a flexible connecting rope (6), the fixing wedge block (3) and the flexible connecting rope (6) can freely move in the Y direction, the upper die right part (9) and the upper plate (2) are connected in the same mode as the upper die left part (7) and the upper plate (2), and the upper die middle part (8) is fixedly connected into the upper die positioning groove opened on the lower surface of the upper plate (2) through the hydraulic clamp (5).
3. The multi-media supported thin-wall member multi-directional loading device according to claim 2, wherein the pressing module (B) comprises a lower plate (15), a lower die positioning groove (16) and a lower die (20), the lower plate (15) is fixedly connected to a working table (14) of the press, the lower die positioning groove is formed in the upper surface of the lower plate (15), an electromagnet is installed in the lower plate, and the lower die (20) is fixed on the lower plate (15) through the electromagnet in the lower die positioning groove; After the upper die module (A) and the lower die module (B) are assembled, the left part (7), the middle part (8), the right part (9) and the lower die (20) of the upper die form a die cavity matched with the shape of the target component, so that the loading of the pipe fitting in the Y direction is realized.
4. The fluid multi-media supported thin-walled structure multi-directional loading device of claim 1 wherein the axial seal loading unit comprises a cylinder (10), a punch (11), a cylinder mount (12) and a cylinder mount (13), the cylinder mount (12) comprising a first cylinder mount (1201) and a second cylinder mount (1202), the cylinder mount (13) comprising a first cylinder mount (1301) and a second cylinder mount (1302), the cylinder (10) comprising a first cylinder (1001) and a second cylinder (1002), the punch (11) comprising a first punch (1101) and a second punch (1102), the first cylinder mount (1301), the second cylinder mount (1302) being symmetrically welded to the X-directional ends of the press tooling table (14), the first cylinder mount (1201), the second cylinder mount (1202) being symmetrically fixed to the X-directional ends of the press tooling table (14), the first cylinder (1001) being fixedly connected to the first cylinder mount (1301), the first cylinder (1001) surface being in contact with the first cylinder mount (1001) and the second cylinder mount (1002), the first cylinder mount (1001) being fixedly connected to the first cylinder mount (1002), the first cylinder (1001) and the second cylinder (1002) are connected to an air source, the first punch (1101) and the second punch (1102) are pushed to translate in the X direction so as to realize loading of the pipe fitting in the X direction, and the first punch (1101) and the second punch (1102) are continuously pressurized when going deep into the pipe fitting so as to realize sealing of the pipe fitting, an air charging port is formed in the first punch (1101), and an air charging port is formed in the second punch 1102 so as to realize filling of a gas-liquid mixed fluid medium.
5. The multi-media supported thin-wall component multi-directional loading device according to claim 1, wherein the front pressing module (C) comprises a third cylinder base (1203), a third cylinder supporting seat (1303), a third cylinder (1003), a third punch (1103) and a front die (18), wherein the third punch (1103) is a double-shaft punch, the third cylinder supporting seat (1303) is welded to the front end of the working table (14) of the press, the third cylinder base (1203) is symmetrically fixed to the front end of the working table (14) of the press, the third cylinder (1003) is fixedly connected with the third cylinder supporting seat (1303), the surface of the third cylinder (1003) is in translational contact with a bracket inside the third cylinder base (1203), the front die (18) is connected with an I-shaped guide rail arranged on the upper surface of the lower plate (15) in the Z direction through an I-shaped groove arranged on the lower surface, the third cylinder (1003) is connected to an air source, and the third cylinder (1003) is pushed to move in the Z direction in the translational direction so as to push the third cylinder (1103) to move in the Z direction in the front of the die (18); The structure of the rear pressing module (D) is the same as that of the front pressing module (C), and the front die (18) is replaced by a rear die (19); After the front pressing module (C) and the rear pressing module (D) are matched, a die cavity matched with the shape of the target component is formed after the front die (18) and the rear die (19) are matched, so that the loading of the pipe fitting in the Z direction is realized.
6. A multidirectional loading method for a fluid-solid multi-medium supported thin-wall member is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of installing a die, namely installing a multi-directional loading device of a thin-wall component supported by fluid-solid multi-media; Filling a solid medium, namely filling the solid medium into the tube blank and placing the tube blank on a lower die (20); The third step, the press descends, namely the press slide block (1) descends to the left part (7) of the upper die, the middle part (8) of the upper die and the right part (9) of the upper die are contacted with the lower die (20); Step four, sealing the tube blank, namely starting a first cylinder (1001) and a second cylinder (1002), leading a first punch (1101) and a second punch (1102) to advance into the end part of the tube blank, and pressurizing until sealing; The method comprises the steps of (1) Y-direction preloading and closing, namely controlling a press slide block (1) to move downwards to drive an upper die left part (7), an upper die middle part (8) and an upper die right part (9) of a Y-direction upward pressing module (A) to move downwards until the Y-direction preloading and positioning are completed by lightly contacting with the surface of a tube blank, wherein a nitrogen spring (4) is in a natural stretching state, and (2) Z-direction lateral loading and closing, namely pushing a third cylinder (1003) of a front pressing module (C) and a fourth cylinder (10) 04 of a rear pressing module (D) to move horizontally along the Z direction and pushing a front die (18) and a rear die (19) to close to the tube blank until the front die (18) and the rear die (19) are contacted with the surface of the tube blank, and simultaneously regulating cylinder air pressure to apply a Z-direction lateral loading force of a preset value to the tube blank so as to realize Z-direction flexible loading; Filling liquid and inflating, namely filling a gas-liquid mixed medium with a preset proportion into a sealed tube blank through an inflating port on a first punch (1101) and a liquid filling port on a second punch (1102) which are positioned on two sides of an axial sealing loading unit, and combining the pre-filled solid medium to form a gas-liquid-solid three-medium coupling system, regulating and controlling the pressure of the internal solid medium to a preset initial value, and providing flexible internal support for the tube blank; The method comprises the steps of loading and forming, namely continuously controlling a press slide block (1) to descend to apply load after die assembly, wherein at the moment, the left part (7) of an upper die and the right part (9) of the upper die reach limit, a corresponding nitrogen spring (4) starts to compress, the middle part (8) of the upper die continuously moves downwards to pressurize a pipe blank, simultaneously continuously controlling all cylinders (10) to drive a corresponding punch (11) to continuously advance along a preset direction, regulating and controlling loading pressures of X-direction and Z-direction cylinders (10) in real time, synchronously loading with the middle part (8) of the upper die, simultaneously regulating the pressure of a gas-liquid mixed fluid medium in a pipe blank, realizing cooperative matching of external multidirectional mechanical loading and internal multimedia pressure, guiding orderly flowing of metal materials, and completing multidirectional flexible loading and forming of the pipe blank; releasing pressure, namely after the pipe fitting is completely stuck, releasing the air pressure of the first air cylinder (1001) and the second air cylinder (1002) and starting a pressure release valve to discharge the air and the liquid in the pipe fitting; Step nine, parting, namely controlling a press slide block (1) to ascend and controlling all cylinders (10) to retreat so as to separate an upper die left part (7), an upper die middle part (8) and an upper die right part (9) from a lower die (20), a front die (18) and a rear die (19); And step ten, taking out, namely removing the front die (18) and the rear die (19) along the guide rail of the lower plate (15) and taking out the finished pipe fitting after the press forming from the lower die (20).

Description

Multi-directional loading device and method for fluid-solid multi-medium supported thin-wall member Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of plastic forming of metal thin-wall components, and relates to a multi-directional loading device and method for a fluid-solid multi-medium supported thin-wall component. Background With the rapid development of the fields of automobiles, aerospace, energy equipment and the like towards the directions of light weight and high reliability, the market demands and the forming precision demands of complex integral thin-wall hollow pipe fittings such as automobile body frames, airplane hydraulic pipelines, heat exchanger bundles and the like are continuously improved, and the forming quality of components directly determines the overall performance and the service reliability of terminal equipment. Currently, the equipment structure is evolving towards the directions of extreme light weight and complicated configuration, the integral forming of complex hollow components with large thin wall, high rib, large diameter-changing ratio, axial tiny characteristics and the like faces the double technical challenges of shape control and controllability, and the traditional forming process is difficult to meet the processing requirements. At present, the forming method of the thin-wall member mainly comprises two types of rigid compression molding and single medium bulging, wherein the two types of rigid compression molding and the single medium bulging have certain technical defects that in the process of rigid compression molding, the contact stress between a die and the surface of the member is concentrated, the thin-wall member is extremely easy to cause wrinkling, cracking, uneven wall thickness and the like to form, and the problems of large die processing difficulty, high manufacturing cost and poor forming flexibility are solved for the complex curved-surface thin-wall member, so that the method cannot adapt to the processing requirements of various and variable-configuration members, and the single medium bulging process adopts a single gas or liquid medium as a force transmission medium to perform bulging forming, so that the problem of stress concentration can be relieved to a certain extent, but the forming force is large, the real-time adjustment is difficult, the tonnage of equipment is large, and the rejection rate is high. The plastic processing method is characterized in that a gas-liquid mixed fluid provides supporting pressure and is assisted by a solid medium to realize accurate supporting of a micro-characteristic area, and an integral weld-free hollow part with a complex curved surface and micro-characteristics can be formed by lower initial internal pressure. Compared with the traditional process, the integral strength and service life of the formed part are obviously improved, and meanwhile, the method has the advantages of high production efficiency and low manufacturing cost, and becomes one of the core technical directions of forming the complex thin-wall pipe fitting. In addition, the current forming technology adopts a unidirectional loading mode from top to bottom, and has remarkable limitations in pipe press forming: firstly, the one-way loading greatly limits the configuration complexity of the formed pipe fitting, and only can form a simple pipe fitting with small circumference change amplitude of a section and smooth and featureless axis, so that the complex pipe fitting forming requirement of a radial large diameter change ratio and axial small features cannot be met; Secondly, in a unidirectional loading mode, the flowability of the material is poor, plastic deformation is concentrated in a local area, and the performance of the pipe fitting is easily influenced by local thinning when the conventional thin-wall pipe is clamped and pressed; thirdly, aiming at difficult-to-shape materials with smaller difference between yield strength and tensile strength, a deformation mechanism with single-axis stress leading is extremely easy to cause instability, wrinkling or cracking of a component in the forming process, the accurate control of material flow cannot be realized, and the process suitability is extremely poor; In summary, in order to break through the technical bottleneck of unidirectional loading forming, realize the precise forming of the complicated thin-walled pipe fitting with large radial diameter ratio and tiny axial characteristics, ensure the uniformity of the circumferential wall thickness of the component, meet the high-end manufacturing requirements in the fields of aerospace, automobiles and energy equipment, and urgently develop a fluid-solid multi-medium supported thin-walled component multidirectional loading forming device and a matched forming method. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a multidirectional loading device and method for a fluid-sol