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CN-122007427-A - Bimetallic material of multi-surface sintered wear-resistant copper alloy and preparation method thereof

CN122007427ACN 122007427 ACN122007427 ACN 122007427ACN-122007427-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a bimetal material of a multi-surface sintered wear-resistant copper alloy and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of metal composite materials. The material consists of a steel plate substrate and copper alloy wear-resistant layers formed on at least five outer surfaces of the steel plate substrate through sintering, wherein the copper alloy wear-resistant layers consist of, by weight, 6-11% of Sn, 0.5-3% of Ni, 1-5% of Bi, 0.1-0.5% of P, less than or equal to 0.1% of Pb, and the balance of Cu and unavoidable impurities, the sum of the Sn and Ni contents is 8.5-14%, and the ratio of Bi to P contents is 10:1-30:1. The preparation method comprises the steps of substrate pretreatment, three-dimensional powder paving, first sintering, first pressing, second sintering and second pressing, and a 'two-firing and two-pressing' synergistic process is formed. The invention realizes metallurgical composite with high bonding strength (> 200N/mm < 2 >), low porosity and uniform performance on multiple surfaces of the steel matrix synchronously through multiple synergistic effects among alloy components, process parameters and components and processes, and the friction and wear performance of the metallurgical composite can be comparable to that of the traditional lead bronze.

Inventors

  • ZHANG RAN
  • Zhen Tisheng
  • XU MING
  • WANG XIANGWANG
  • YANG ZHAOFANG
  • WEI PENGCHENG

Assignees

  • 合肥波林新材料股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260104

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A bimetal material of a multi-sided sintered wear-resistant copper alloy, characterized by comprising a steel plate substrate and a copper alloy wear-resistant layer formed by sintering on at least five outer surfaces of the steel plate substrate; The copper alloy wear-resistant layer comprises, by weight, 6-11% of Sn, 0.5-3% of Ni, 1-5% of Bi, 0.1-0.5% of P, less than or equal to 0.1% of Pb, and the balance of Cu and unavoidable impurities; wherein the sum of the contents of Sn and Ni is 8.5-14%, and the ratio of Bi to P is 10:1 to 30:1.
  2. 2. The multi-sided sintered wear resistant copper alloy bi-metallic material according to claim 1, wherein the porosity of the copper alloy wear layer is less than 3%, the bonding strength of the copper alloy wear layer to the steel plate substrate is greater than 200N/mm 2.
  3. 3. The multi-sided sintered wear resistant copper alloy bimetallic material of claim 1 or 2, wherein the brinell hardness difference between the five outer surfaces of the copper alloy wear layer is less than 10 HB.
  4. 4. A method of preparing a bimetallic material of a multi-faceted sintered wear resistant copper alloy as claimed in claims 1-3, comprising the steps of: (1) The substrate pretreatment, which is to carry out sand blasting treatment on the surface of the steel plate substrate to control the surface roughness Ra of the steel plate substrate to be 3.5-6.5 mu m; (2) Filling copper alloy powder into a powder-spreading boat made of aluminum oxide, and three-dimensionally embedding the steel plate substrate pretreated in the step (1) into the powder to cover at least five surfaces of the steel plate substrate with the powder; (3) The first sintering, namely, sintering the embedded blank for the first time at 900-940 ℃ in a reducing atmosphere consisting of 18-22 vol% of hydrogen and the balance of nitrogen, and preserving the heat for 30-50 minutes; (4) The first pressing, namely cooling the blank obtained in the step (3), and then performing the first pressing under the pressure of 180-220 MPa; (5) Sintering for the second time, namely, sintering for the second time at the temperature which is 20-40 ℃ lower than the temperature of the first sintering in the step (3) in the same reducing atmosphere as the step (3), and preserving heat for 20-40 minutes; (6) And (5) performing secondary pressing, namely performing secondary pressing on the blank obtained in the step (5) under the pressure of 220-280 MPa to obtain the bimetal material.
  5. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the surface roughness Ra (μm) of the steel sheet substrate in the step (1) and the first sintering temperature T1 (°C) in the step (3) satisfy the relational expression that T1 is not less than 850+10×Ra.
  6. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the temperature T1 (° C.) of the first sintering in the step (3) and the volume concentration C (vol%) of hydrogen in the reducing atmosphere satisfy the relationship of C/(T1/100) =1.9 to 2.4.
  7. 7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the temperature decrease DeltaT of the second sintering in the step (5) is related to the Bi content of the copper alloy powder, wherein DeltaT is 30-40 ℃ when Bi content is > 3wt%, and DeltaT is 20-30 ℃ when Bi content is not more than 3 wt%.
  8. 8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the particle size of the copper alloy powder in the step (2) is from-150 mesh to +400 mesh.
  9. 9. The method according to claim 4, further comprising, after the step (6), machining and rust-preventing treatment of the obtained bimetal material.
  10. 10. A multi-sided sintered wear-resistant copper alloy bimetallic material, characterized by being produced by the production method as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 9.

Description

Bimetallic material of multi-surface sintered wear-resistant copper alloy and preparation method thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of metal composite materials, and particularly relates to a bimetal material of a multi-surface sintered wear-resistant copper alloy and a preparation method thereof, which are particularly suitable for heavy-load complex components needing multi-surface wear resistance. Background In heavy machinery, large-scale molds and precision equipment, there are a large number of key components such as hexahedral guide blocks, polygonal shaft sleeves, special-shaped sliding blocks and the like. These components are often subjected to multi-directional loads in three dimensions, requiring multiple working surfaces (typically three and more) to provide excellent wear and friction reducing properties. The adoption of the high-strength steel matrix composite copper alloy is an ideal scheme, but the prior art faces a multi-surface composite bottleneck which is difficult to overcome: 1. The uniformity problem of three-dimensional compounding is that the traditional single-sided sintering, casting compounding or explosion compounding technology can not realize uniform compounding synchronously on a plurality of vertical surfaces and top surfaces of the component. In powder metallurgy, powder is easy to generate a collapse effect under the action of gravity, so that a significant gradient difference exists between the bulk density of powder on a vertical plane and the bulk density of powder on a horizontal plane, the thickness, the density and the bonding strength of a wear-resistant layer on each surface after sintering are not uniform, and local unbonded or microcracks on the vertical plane are easy to occur. 2. The compatibility of high-strength bonding and multi-surface technology contradicts that for multi-surface compounding, especially when mutually perpendicular surfaces exist, the high-strength metallurgical bonding of each surface is difficult to realize by a simple one-time sintering and pressing technology. The transmission of pressing force is uneven in the anisotropic structure, and stress concentration is easily generated at the edges and corners, so that the bonding interface is damaged. And the diffusion is promoted by adopting an excessively high temperature or an excessively long heat preservation time, and excessive loss of copper alloy, coarsening of steel matrix grains or volatilization failure of environmental protection elements (such as Bi) can be caused. 3. The environmental protection alloy has the performance stability challenge in multi-surface sintering that Bi is used for substituting Pb and has low melting point (271.4 ℃) and higher vapor pressure. In the multi-surface long-time sintering process, bi element is easy to segregate, volatilize or oxidize from copper alloy, so that lubrication phase is unevenly distributed and even fails, and self-lubricity is difficult to be stably provided on all surfaces of a component. 4. The existing solutions mostly adopt split type mosaic or welding combination, have complicated procedures, have weak connection areas and have poor overall reliability. Therefore, there is a need in the art for an integrated forming technology capable of systematically solving the above-mentioned multi-surface composite bottleneck, which is characterized in that a specific alloy system and a set of special sintering pressing processes cooperating with the specific alloy system in depth are developed instead of the simple superposition or parameter adjustment of the prior art. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a bimetal material of a multi-surface sintered wear-resistant copper alloy and a preparation method thereof. The invention does not simply combine the components and the process, but creatively solves the technical problem of synchronously preparing the high-bonding-strength and high-performance environment-friendly wear-resistant layer on at least five surfaces of the steel matrix by revealing and utilizing the interaction among alloy components, the cooperative matching among process parameters and the coupling effect between the components and the process. In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the mutual support and strengthening cooperative relationship exists among the characteristics in the technical scheme: In a first aspect, the invention provides a bimetal material of a multi-surface sintered wear-resistant copper alloy, which comprises a steel plate substrate and a copper alloy wear-resistant layer formed by sintering on at least five outer surfaces of the steel plate substrate, wherein the copper alloy wear-resistant layer comprises, by weight, 6-11% of Sn, 0.5-3% of Ni, 1-5% of Bi, 0.1-0.5% of P, less than or equal to 0.1% of Pb, and the balance Cu and unavoidable impurities,