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CN-122007450-A - Blue light desktop type metal 3D printing equipment and self-adaptive forming process

CN122007450ACN 122007450 ACN122007450 ACN 122007450ACN-122007450-A

Abstract

The invention discloses blue light desktop type metal 3D printing equipment and a self-adaptive forming process, belongs to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing (LPBF), and is particularly suitable for low-cost rapid manufacturing of consumer desktop scenes, small and medium unmanned aerial vehicles and intelligent metal structural parts. Aiming at the problems that the existing industrial grade LPBF equipment is high in cost, low in material multiplexing rate, high in operation threshold and incapable of adapting to a household desktop scene, the invention provides a fixed-focus blue-light annular light spot light path, a split forming bin, constant-pressure atmosphere protection, fully-closed powder recycling multiplexing and AI self-adaptive control equipment scheme, and matched material preparation, atmosphere pre-replacement, annular light spot double-area scanning, large-overhang unsupported forming, AI closed-loop control and low-threshold post-treatment processes. The integrated mass production cost of the equipment is less than or equal to 4.5 ten thousand yuan, the powder utilization rate is more than or equal to 90%, the compactness of the formed part is more than or equal to 99.2%, the mechanical property reaches the forging standard, the full-process one-key operation can be realized, the equipment is completely suitable for the use of household desktops, and the forming and using requirements of small and medium unmanned aerial vehicles and intelligent hand parts with bodies are met.

Inventors

  • LIANG YUYANG

Assignees

  • 广州平行实境科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260228

Claims (12)

  1. 1. The utility model provides a blue light desktop formula metal 3D printing equipment, includes laser optical path system, shaping storehouse unit, atmosphere protection unit and control unit, its characterized in that: The laser optical path system is a fixed focus type blue light annular light spot optical path system and comprises a 445nm blue light semiconductor laser unit (1), a static annular light spot shaping unit (2), a fixed focus focusing unit (3) and a digital galvanometer scanning unit (4) which are sequentially connected along an optical path, wherein the static annular light spot shaping unit (2) is a single-chip static shaping lens and is used for shaping Gaussian beams into annular light spots with outer ring-inner ring double-energy distribution, the fixed focus focusing unit (3) is a single-chip fixed focus lens, and the whole laser optical path system has no dynamic focusing moving part; the molding bin unit is of a split type modular structure and comprises a printing molding module and a clear powder recovery module which are arranged in an up-down split mode, and the printing molding module is communicated with the clear powder recovery module through a fast-assembling sealing interface; the atmosphere protection unit is a constant-pressure atmosphere protection system and comprises a grading pre-replacement component and a trace constant-pressure maintenance component, and is used for stably controlling the oxygen content in the forming bin to be below 100 ppm; The blue light desktop metal 3D printing equipment further comprises a totally-enclosed powder recycling multiplexing unit and an AI self-adaptive control unit; the totally-enclosed powder recycling multiplexing unit is integrated in the clear powder recycling module and comprises an ultrasonic screening component, a fluidization drying modification component and an automatic mixing conveying component which are sequentially communicated, and is used for realizing totally-enclosed recycling, modification and multiplexing of printing residual powder; The AI self-adaptive control unit is internally provided with a light-weight end side AI reasoning model and a visual monitoring module, wherein the visual monitoring module is used for collecting the molten pool state and the powder paving quality in real time, and the AI reasoning model is used for dynamically adjusting the laser power and the scanning speed according to the collection result.
  2. 2. The blue light desktop type metal 3D printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein rated output power of the 445nm blue light semiconductor laser unit (1) is 60W, focal length of the fixed focal length focusing unit (3) is 100mm, maximum scanning speed of the digital galvanometer scanning unit (4) is equal to or greater than 2000mm/s, and positioning accuracy is equal to or less than ±15 μm.
  3. 3. The blue light desktop type metal 3D printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the printing forming module is internally provided with a forming cylinder with effective forming size of 150mm×150mm×100mm, the forming cylinder lifting platform (7) is driven by a screw lifting driving mechanism (8), the positioning precision is less than or equal to + -5 μm, the overall size of the apparatus is less than or equal to 400mm×400mm×450mm, and the overall weight is less than or equal to 28kg.
  4. 4. The blue light desktop type metal 3D printing equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that the grading pre-replacement component reduces the oxygen content in a forming bin to below 100ppm through at least two air extraction-inflation replacement cycles, the micro constant pressure maintaining component adopts a micro flow control valve with the measuring range of 0-5L/min to be matched with an oxygen content sensor for real-time feedback, and the argon consumption is reduced by more than 80% compared with a traditional circulating atmosphere system with the same specification.
  5. 5. The blue-light desktop metal 3D printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a door-open power-off safety interlocking device and a full-band laser protection structure are arranged in the molding bin.
  6. 6. The blue light desktop type metal 3D printing equipment according to claim 1 is characterized by further comprising a gas filtering and purifying unit (11), a gas circulating pump (12) and a control and power supply box (10), wherein a HEPA efficient dust filter and an active carbon adsorption filter are arranged in the gas filtering and purifying unit (11), the dust filtering efficiency of an exhaust port is more than or equal to 99.97%, the control and power supply box (10) integrates an industrial control main board and a touch control panel (13), and the touch control panel (13) is a 7-inch touch screen.
  7. 7. The blue light desktop type metal 3D printing equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that the AI self-adaptive control unit is internally provided with a special forming process package for small and medium unmanned aerial vehicle and intelligent personal parts, and is used for automatically matching process parameters and a supporting scheme after a user introduces a model to realize one-key printing, the vision monitoring module is used for collecting the brightness of a molten pool and the quality of powder paving in real time, and the AI self-adaptive control unit is used for dynamically adjusting the laser power and the scanning speed to realize continuous unmanned stable printing for more than 200 hours.
  8. 8. A blue-light desktop metal 3D printing adaptive molding process, characterized in that a blue-light desktop metal 3D printing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used, the process comprising the steps of: s1, preparing a material, namely uniformly mixing 316L stainless steel gas atomization spherical new powder and modified recycled powder according to a mass ratio of 7:3 to obtain mixed powder for printing, wherein the Hall flow rate of the mixed powder is less than or equal to 28S/50g; s2, atmosphere pre-replacement, namely reducing the oxygen content in the forming bin to below 100ppm by adopting a graded air extraction-inflation replacement mode, and maintaining an argon micro-positive pressure atmosphere of 500 Pa; S3, annular light spot double-area scanning forming, namely adopting 445nm annular light spot blue laser, and printing layer by adopting a 67-DEG interlayer rotation orthogonal scanning strategy, wherein the outer ring laser power of the annular light spot accounts for 60 percent and is used for preheating a powder bed, and the inner ring laser power accounts for 40 percent and is used for completely melting powder; S4, large overhang unsupported self-adaptive forming, namely adopting gradient process parameters of reducing power, scanning speed and powder spreading layer thickness to realize unsupported forming for a structure with an overhang angle of more than or equal to 65 degrees, adopting a punctiform easy-stripping support design for a structure with an overhang angle of 45-65 degrees, and reducing the support volume by more than 70 percent compared with the traditional support scheme; S5, real-time closed-loop control, namely acquiring the brightness of a molten pool, the powder spreading state and the interlayer forming quality in real time through a visual monitoring module, dynamically adjusting the laser power and the scanning speed through an end-side AI reasoning model, and realizing self-adaptive stable control of the printing process; And S6, fully sealing and post-processing, namely collecting residual powder in the molding cylinder into a clear powder recovery module through a residual powder collecting inclined plate (9) after printing is finished, finishing residual powder cleaning in a sealed molding bin, and manually removing the easily-stripped support to obtain the metal molded part.
  9. 9. The blue light desktop metal 3D printing self-adaptive molding process according to claim 8, wherein in the step S1, the preparation process of the modified recycled powder is that after the printing residual powder is screened by 300 mesh ultrasonic wave, the printing residual powder is dried for 2 hours in a vacuum environment at 120 ℃, nano silicon dioxide flowing auxiliary agent with the mass ratio of 0.2% is added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed by argon fluidization.
  10. 10. The process for 3D printing and self-adapting molding of blue light desktop metal according to claim 8, wherein in the step S3, the printing process parameters range from 45W to 55W of laser power, 800-1200 mm/S of scanning speed, 25-40 μm of powder paving layer thickness and 40-50 μm of scanning line interval.
  11. 11. The 3D printing self-adaptive molding process of the blue light desktop metal according to claim 8, wherein in the step S6, the density of the obtained 316L stainless steel molded part is not less than 99.2%, the room temperature tensile strength is not less than 560MPa, the elongation after break is not less than 45%, and for the part with high mechanical property requirement, 300 ℃ x 2h low temperature stress relief annealing treatment is added after the step S6.
  12. 12. The blue light desktop type metal 3D printing self-adaptive forming process according to claim 8, wherein the metal forming part is a small and medium-sized unmanned aerial vehicle frame, a motor base or a body intelligent hand joint and knuckle structure, the minimum forming wall thickness of the unmanned aerial vehicle frame is less than or equal to 0.6mm, and the minimum forming wall thickness of the joint and knuckle structure is less than or equal to 0.3mm.

Description

Blue light desktop type metal 3D printing equipment and self-adaptive forming process The invention belongs to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a laser powder bed melting (LPBF) forming technology, wherein IPC classification numbers are B22F 10/28, B33Y 10/00 and B33Y 30/00, and the method is particularly suitable for low-cost rapid manufacturing of consumer desktop scenes, small and medium-sized unmanned aerial vehicles and intelligent metal structural parts of a tool body. Background The laser powder bed melting (LPBF) process has become a core technology for additive manufacturing of high-end metal parts by virtue of the advantages of high molding precision, large freedom of structural design and capability of realizing integrated molding of complex topological structures. At present, the mature commercialized scheme and the core patent layout of the technology are concentrated on high-added-value industrial scenes such as aerospace, medical treatment, industrial molds and the like, the selling price of equipment is generally over 50 ten thousand yuan, the core technology is expanded around industrial-level requirements such as a high-power multi-laser system, a dynamic focusing light path, high-precision circulating atmosphere control and the like, and systematic adaptation is not performed on a consumer-level desktop scene. The prior art related to the current metal 3D printing is characterized in that CN118218620A (a light spot shaping customized laser metal 3D printing device) is closest to the technical field of the invention, the scheme discloses the related technology of laser light spot shaping, but an industrial multi-laser and multi-channel conical shell framework is adopted, only the industrial production scene is designed, no small-sized and low-cost consumer-level adaptation is performed, CN119657956A (a multifunctional self-adaptive laser metal 3D printing device and a control method thereof) is simultaneously disclosed, powder magnetization and transportation on a laser cladding spray head is optimized, an industrial equipment framework is adopted, volume, cost and operation threshold systematic optimization is not performed for a household desktop scene, and CN106363920A (a high-efficiency high-mechanical-performance 3D printing device and method based on fusion deposition) is adopted, and the fusion deposition process is different from the laser powder bed fusion process of the invention, and cannot complete the full-family molding process after the complete professional equipment is required. In addition, the disclosed desktop type metal 3D printing scheme in the market can simply degrade and simplify industrial grade LPBF equipment, can not stably ensure the density and mechanical property of a formed part, can not meet the load and fatigue-resistant use requirements of a small and medium unmanned aerial vehicle rack and a body intelligent hand joint part, or can not fall to the ground in a family scene due to the adoption of an adhesive spraying process and professional degreasing and sintering equipment. Three main core technical defects commonly exist in the prior art, and the invention is also a technical pain point to be solved: First, equipment costs are high and cannot sink to consumer-grade home scenarios. The core cost of industrial grade LPBF equipment is concentrated on a dynamic focusing light path system, an imported high-precision vibrating mirror, a large-scale sealed forming bin and a large-flow circulating atmosphere system, the hardware cost of a single equipment is more than 10 ten thousand yuan, the purchasing power of a household user is far exceeded, the existing miniaturization scheme only performs volume reduction, does not perform framework innovation, cannot achieve low cost and forming performance, and meanwhile has extremely high patent infringement risk directly along an industrial grade framework. Second, the material use cost and the operation threshold are both high, and the family scene is not adaptive. The special gas atomization spherical metal powder has high selling price, the effective utilization rate of the existing process powder is less than 60 percent, the recycling of the powder is needed to be matched with professional screening and drying equipment, meanwhile, the metal powder has the risk of inhalation health, the continuous inert gas purging has potential safety hazard, and the household scene has no professional protection and operation conditions and cannot be used in a safe and compliant manner. Third, the molding capability does not match the operating threshold with consumer demand. The existing technology aims at the problems that an unmanned aerial vehicle thin-wall part and an intelligent hand complex joint part with a body are required to be designed, a large number of supporting structures are required, the post-treatment difficulty is high, the technological parameter debugging is