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CN-122007456-A - Multi-axis linkage numerical control lathe and turning method thereof

CN122007456ACN 122007456 ACN122007456 ACN 122007456ACN-122007456-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of numerical control machine manufacturing, and particularly relates to a multi-axis linkage numerical control turning method. The multi-axis linkage programming method is used, the excircle finishing tool is used for replacing a groove tool to carry out profiling processing, burr is avoided after continuous cutting, the problem of burr residue at a cutting point of the groove tool during processing is solved, the problem of non-flat surface at the root part is solved by changing surface contact into point contact during processing, the problem of processing of curved surfaces of inner cavities of valve body parts is solved by replacing combined tool processing with a gooseneck tool, the problem of batch automatic production capacity is solved, and in sum, the surface quality and processing efficiency of the parts are improved, the tool cost is reduced, and the cost and the efficiency are realized through multi-axis linkage turning processing.

Inventors

  • ZHANG JIUCHANG
  • BAI JINMIN
  • ZHANG HAIFENG
  • WANG TIANRUI
  • LIU YANG

Assignees

  • 中国航发北京航科发动机控制系统科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20251121

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A multi-axis linkage numerical control lathe is characterized by comprising a linear shaft, a plurality of rotating shafts, a plurality of three-jaw chucks (1) and a plurality of functional cutters in multiple directions, wherein the multi-axis linkage realizes the profiling processing of rough machining and point contact finish machining of special-shaped parts by the plurality of cutters in multiple angles and multiple directions.
  2. 2. The multi-axis linkage numerically controlled lathe as in claim 1, wherein: The linear axes of the multiple directions comprise an X linear axis, a Y linear axis and a Z linear axis The plurality of rotating shafts comprise a B rotating shaft and a C rotating shaft The rotary shaft B is used for turning the main shaft; The C rotary shaft is used for a milling main shaft swinging within a certain range.
  3. 3. The multi-axis linkage numerically controlled lathe as in claim 1, wherein: The three-jaw chuck (1) comprises a chuck body (1-1), three soft three jaws (1-2) and six locking screws (1-3), Three guide grooves (1-1-1) are formed in the chuck body (1-1); The plurality of cutters comprise an outer circle rough cutter (4), an outer circle groove cutter (5), an outer circle finish cutter (6), a combined T-shaped cutter (14) and a gooseneck cutter (17).
  4. 4. A multi-axis linkage numerically controlled lathe as in any of claims 1-3, wherein: the external rough turning tool (4) comprises a tool body (4-1), a locking screw (4-2) and a rough turning blade (4-3); The outer circular slotting tool (5) comprises a tool body (5-1), a locking screw (5-2) and a slotting blade (5-3); the excircle finishing tool (6) comprises a tool body (6-1), a locking screw (6-2) and a finishing tool blade (6-3); The cutting edge of the finish turning blade (6-3) is divided into a front cutting edge (6-3-1) and a rear cutting edge (6-3-2); The combined T-shaped knife (14) comprises a knife bar (14-1), a knife head (14-2) and a lock nut (14-3); the head (14-2) comprises a cutter head end blade (14-2-1); the gooseneck knife (17) comprises a knife bar (17-1), a locking screw (17-2) and a knife blade (17-3).
  5. 5. A turning method for machining a shaft part (2) by using the multi-axis linkage numerical control lathe according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the shaft part (2) comprises an outer circular groove (2-1), a positioning surface (2-2), a clamping outer circle (2-3), an in-point (2-4), a root circular arc (2-5) and an out-point (2-6), and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps: s11, clamping the shaft part (2) through a soft three-jaw (1-2) on the three-jaw chuck (1), tightly attaching a positioning surface (2-2) to the bottom surface of the soft three-jaw (1-2), and completely attaching a clamping excircle (2-3) to the soft three-jaw (1-2) in the radial direction; s12, performing outer circle rough machining along the arrow direction by using an outer circle rough turning tool (4), wherein the surface allowance after machining is 0.1-0.2mm; S13, layering processing is carried out from top to bottom along the radial direction by using an outer circular groove cutter (5), so that the rough removal of the outer circular groove is realized; S14, selecting an excircle finishing tool (6) to ensure that the high deviation between the tool nose and the center of the spindle is within 0.01mm, and preventing the abnormal contact of the cutting edge caused by the high deviation of the center of the tool from causing inconsistent cutting dimension and programming dimension, poor roughness of the cutting vibration surface or discontinuous cutting, abnormal abrasion of the tool and service life reduction; s15, starting from an outer circle cutting-in point (2-4) of the shaft part during outer circle groove finish machining, and carrying out outer circle groove finish machining from a root arc (2-5) to a cutting-out point (2-6) along the arrow direction, wherein the machining method is that a fixed shaft is used for cutting, and the cutting direction of an outer circle groove cutter is the 8 th direction.
  6. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein: In step S11: After clamping, the machining area of the shaft part (2) is free from interference; Setting the rotation center of the shaft part (2) to be consistent with the center of the main shaft so as to prevent the shaft part (2) from jumping when rotating; in step S13: based on the different shapes of the blades, the groove blade is used for surface cutting, the finish turning blade is used for point cutting, the cutter strength of the finish turning blade is smaller than that of the groove blade, The surface allowance after machining is 0.1-0.2mm, so that abnormal abrasion of the blade or bending of a part caused by overlarge radial removal amount in subsequent finish machining is prevented, and radial layering is adopted for cutting.
  7. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of determining the position of the probe is performed, In step S14 of the process, Selecting an excircle finishing tool (6) suitable for cutting materials, selecting a tool tip arc R0.2, mounting a blade on a tool body, measuring the high deviation value between a standard high-block cutting tool and the center of a main shaft through the standard length of 100mm, if the tool tip is lower, padding a 0.1mm tool pad under the tool body, and if the tool tip is higher, replacing the thin tool pad or grinding the tool body, wherein the removal amount is equal to the deviation value.
  8. 8. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step S5: The outer circular groove cutter is replaced by an outer circular finishing tool, outer contour profiling is adopted during machining, and the outer circular finishing linear speed is about 150m/min and is used for removing machining allowance to form a complete continuous cutting surface; The multi-axis linkage cutting mode is adopted when the outer circular groove (2-1) is machined, and the use of a rear cutting edge (6-3-2) is increased, so that the outer circular groove has no break point and no burr; when the multi-axis linkage processing outer circular groove is realized, the special-shaped groove (2-4) is processed by the outer circular finishing tool by controlling the angle of the swinging shaft; The multi-axis linkage cutting makes the arc full blade of the tool nose used for cutting at different angles, and is in surface contact with the outer circular groove tool during cutting, point contact is adopted during finishing tool cutting, cylindricity and flatness are increased, surface roughness after machining can be controlled within Ra0.8, machining linear speed is improved by about 1/3, tool nose utilization rate is improved, and special tool customization is reduced.
  9. 9. A turning method for machining a valve body part (13) by using the multi-axis linkage numerical control lathe according to the claims 1-3, wherein the valve body part (13) comprises an inner cavity curved surface (13-1), a positioning surface (13-2) and a clamping outer circle (13-3), and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps: s21, clamping and positioning the valve body part (13) according to the mode of the step S11 S22, the cutter cannot be completely embedded into the hole due to the structure of the valve body part (13), a combined T-shaped cutter (14) is adopted, threads on the cutter bar (14-1) are penetrated by an inner hole on the cutter head (14-2) during installation, and then the cutter bar is fastened with the threads on the cutter bar through a locking nut (14-3); S23, cutting by a cutter head end edge (14-2-1) during machining of the combined T-shaped cutter (14), wherein the shape of the end edge is not smaller than that of a machined curved surface, machining adopts a forming machining mode, machining of the curved surface is completed by radial cutting, S24, polishing the joint by using polishing cotton by a bench worker to ensure smooth transition.
  10. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that in step S23: the combined T-shaped knife (14) is replaced by a gooseneck knife (17), the gooseneck knife (17) penetrates into the valve body part (2) from the side hole, X/Z/B three-axis linkage cutting is adopted in the whole cutting process of layering cutting along the curved surface contour area (13-1), the nose fillet of the gooseneck knife blade (17-3) realizes full cutting edge processing along with the swinging of the B axis, layering cutting stress is small, the knife is not easy to wear, and the surface quality is stable and controllable along with contour finishing.

Description

Multi-axis linkage numerical control lathe and turning method thereof Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of numerical control machine manufacturing, and particularly relates to a multi-axis linkage numerical control turning method. Background The groove is a typical processing structure in numerical control turning, and the structure is widely applied to the scenes of part positioning, sealing, tool withdrawal, transmission, locking and the like, and the specified technological structure is processed by cutting an outer circle, an inner hole or an end face through a groove tool or a forming tool. The existing processing equipment is mainly a two-axis equipment, namely an X-axis radial movement and a Z-axis axial movement, and the processing of the part revolving body structure is realized through two-axis linkage processing. The existing outer circular groove processing method mainly comprises the following steps: 1. Clamping and positioning the part by a three-jaw chuck, and axially performing outer circle rough machining by using an outer circle rough turning tool, wherein the allowance is 0.1-0.2mm; 2. rough machining is carried out on the outer circular groove by using an outer circular groove cutter, a radial layered cutting mode is adopted, and the allowance is 0.5-1mm; 3. Performing external circle finish machining along the axial direction by using an external circle finish turning tool; 4. The outer circle groove is finished by X/Z two-axis linkage by using an outer circle groove cutter, and the linear speed of the outer circle finish machining is about 100m/min by taking a stainless steel material as an example, and because the groove and the outer circle are machined by the same cutter and the same machining program section, burrs are generated at cutting-in and cutting-out points in the machining mode, and meanwhile, an absolute plane cannot be formed due to the grinding of a cutting edge and the error of the cutter mounting, so that a non-absolute flat surface exists at the root of the groove bottom; 5. The fitter polishes the cut-in and cut-out points and the groove surfaces through tools such as sand paper, polishing cotton and the like; The existing processing pain points are as follows: 1. The surface contact is adopted when the grooving cutter cuts, the cutting edge of the cutter bears radial and axial cutting forces simultaneously, vibration is easy to generate to cause surface vibration patterns, the cutting amount and the feeding amount are generally required to be reduced to avoid the vibration patterns, the processing efficiency is low, the roughness of the processed surface is Ra1.6-3.2, and the roughness can be finally improved to be within Ra0.8 only by adding a polishing procedure to meet the design requirement; 2. burrs are generated at cut-in and cut-out points during processing, so that difficulties are brought to subsequent deburring and polishing; 3. the fixed quadrant processing mode (figure 8) is adopted in the groove cutter processing, the inner hole adopts the direction 6, the outer circle adopts the direction 7, the outer circle adopts the direction 8, the groove cutter blade is in surface contact in the processing, a non-flat surface with a cutter width exists at the 7-2 position of the bottom of the outer circle groove, the whole cylindricity or the flatness is influenced, in addition, the linkage cutting programming is difficult, the cutting edge cannot be confirmed, and the over-cutting is easy to generate. The curved surface of the inner cavity is limited by the fact that the part structure is not fully opened, and the structure is widely applied to the scenes of sealing, bearing, drag reduction and the like of the part, and the designated structure is processed through a forming cutter. The inner cavity curved surface processing method comprises the following steps: 1. clamping and positioning the part through a three-jaw chuck; 2. the shaping cutter bar 13-1 is manually inserted into the hole, the shaping cutter head 13-2 is connected with the cutter bar from the other side, and the shaping cutter bar is fastened by the locking nut 13-3 (figure 13); 3. Realizing curved surface cutting by downward movement of the cutter end edge; 4. After the machining is finished, the cutter is taken out after being disassembled; 5. The fitter removes burrs at the joint of the processing through a scraper and polishes with polishing cotton to realize smooth transition; The existing processing pain points are as follows: 1. The efficiency of manually replacing the cutter is low; 2. the contact area is large, the resistance is large and the processing efficiency is low when the forming cutter is used for cutting; 3. The burrs are sheet-shaped flanging burrs, and difficult to remove; 4. The surface quality of the curved surface formed by one-step machining of the cutter is uncontrollable, and the sharpness of the end edge of the cutter determines the surface