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CN-122007520-A - Device and method for preventing secondary discharge of side wall in electric spark deep hole machining

CN122007520ACN 122007520 ACN122007520 ACN 122007520ACN-122007520-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for preventing secondary discharge of a side wall in electric spark deep hole machining, and relates to the technical field of electric spark machining, wherein the device comprises an electric spark discharge machining structure and a resistance-increasing particle release system, the electric spark discharge machining structure comprises an internal spraying type tool electrode, a hollow connecting section and a chuck, the resistance-increasing particle release system comprises a connecting seat, a switching system, an oil feeding valve and a resistance-increasing particle adding structure, and the spark oil circulation system is used for realizing circulation of spark oil in a working box; the back pressure system comprises a back pressure plate, electrode through holes are arranged on the back pressure plate, pre-tightening bolts are arranged on two sides of the back pressure plate, tiny plastic particles are guided to be enriched in the area of the processed hole wall through the back pressure system, and a high-resistance barrier is formed, so that the discharge energy is concentrated at the bottom end of the electrode to perform normal etching, and the processed precise side wall is prevented from being corroded again, so that a deep hole with steep side wall and extremely small taper is processed.

Inventors

  • ZHANG HUA
  • PAN YUSHAN
  • ZHANG XIAOWEI

Assignees

  • 南通大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260331

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The device for preventing secondary discharge of the side wall in the electric spark deep hole machining is characterized by comprising an electric spark discharge machining structure (1), a resistance-increasing particle release system (2) and a spark oil circulation system (4), wherein the electric spark discharge machining structure (1) comprises an internal spraying type tool electrode (11), a hollow connecting section (12) and a clamping head (13), the internal spraying type tool electrode (11) is hollow and is arranged on the hollow connecting section (12), the hollow connecting section (12) is arranged on the clamping head (13), and the clamping head (13) is arranged on a machine feeding structure (3); The resistance-increasing particle release system (2) comprises a connecting seat (21), a switch system (22), an oil feeding valve (23) and a resistance-increasing particle adding structure (24), wherein the upper end of the connecting seat (21) is connected to the resistance-increasing particle adding structure (24), the switch system (22) is connected to the side surface of the connecting seat (21), and the oil feeding valve (23) is arranged at the opening of an oil inlet pipeline (211) on the connecting seat (21); The machine feeding structure (3) is used for driving the electric spark discharge machining structure (1) and the resistance increasing particle release system (2) to move up and down along the Z axis; the spark oil circulation system (4) is used for realizing the circulation of spark oil in the working box (52); Be equipped with backpressure system (6) in work box (5), backpressure system (6) are including back pressure board (61), be equipped with electrode via hole on back pressure board (61), the both sides of back pressure board (61) are equipped with pretension bolt (62), pretension bolt (62) can make back pressure board (61) compress tightly at the work piece surface of being processed through the rotation.
  2. 2. The device for preventing secondary discharge on the side wall of the deep hole machining device for electric spark according to claim 1, wherein the hollow tube of the inner spraying type tool electrode (11) penetrates through the hollow connecting section (12) and the clamping head (13) and is communicated with the connecting seat (21), the bottom of the hollow tube of the inner spraying type tool electrode (11) is closed, the side surface of the hollow tube is provided with a spray hole penetrating outwards, the spray hole is obliquely arranged at an angle of 10-12 degrees upwards, and the spray hole is used for spraying resistance-increasing material particles.
  3. 3. The device for preventing secondary discharge of side wall for deep hole machining by electric spark according to claim 1, wherein the hollow connecting section (12) is stepped, and the big end of the hollow connecting section (12) is provided with external threads for connecting with a chuck (13); the small end of the hollow connecting section (12) is provided with an internal thread and is used for connecting an internal spraying tool electrode (11); The main body of the clamping head (13) is in a stepped shape, and the small end of the clamping head (13) is provided with external threads and is connected with the connecting seat (21).
  4. 4. The device for preventing secondary discharge of side wall in deep hole machining by electric spark according to claim 1, wherein the left side plane of the connecting seat (21) is provided with a spark oil inlet channel (211), the symmetrical side plane of the oil inlet channel (211) is provided with a switch control channel (212), and the switch system (22) is arranged at the opening of the switch control channel (212); The connecting seat (21) is internally provided with a resistance-increasing particle release channel (213) along the Z-axis direction, the upper end of the connecting seat (21) is provided with internal threads for connecting a resistance-increasing particle adding structure (24) and forming a resistance-increasing particle storage chamber (214), and the top end of the connecting seat (12) is provided with external threads for connecting a sliding table (32).
  5. 5. The device for preventing secondary discharge of side wall in deep hole machining by electric spark according to claim 1, wherein the switch system (22) comprises a long cylinder (221), a spring (222) and an electromagnet controller (223), the long cylinder (221) is integrally stepped, the small end is sleeved with the spring (222), and the long cylinder is integrally arranged in a switch control channel (212) in the connecting seat (21); The electromagnet controller (223) is connected to the connecting seat (21) through threads, and the electromagnet controller (223) controls the extension and retraction of the long cylinder (221) through an electromagnet to realize the switching of the resistance-increasing particle release channel (213).
  6. 6. The device for preventing secondary discharge of side walls in deep hole machining by utilizing electric spark according to claim 1, wherein the spark oil circulation system (4) comprises an oil inlet pipe (41), a spark oil circulation filter box (42), a joint (43) and an oil delivery pipe (44), one end of the oil inlet pipe (41) is connected to the joint (43) of the spark oil circulation filter box (42), the other end of the oil inlet pipe is connected to a working box (52), and a multi-stage filter screen is arranged in the spark oil circulation filter box (42).
  7. 7. The device for preventing secondary discharge of side wall for deep hole machining by electric spark according to claim 6, wherein a bracket (54) is arranged at the bottom of the working box (52), the bracket is connected to a guide rail, and the guide rail is arranged on a guide rail table (51); The side of the working box (52) is provided with a spark oil circulation system supporting plate (53) and a joint (521), the symmetrical sides of the joint (521) are provided with emergency oil discharge ports (522), and the joint (521) is connected to the oil inlet pipe (41).
  8. 8. The device for preventing secondary discharge of side wall for deep hole machining by electric spark according to claim 6, wherein the back pressure system (6) further comprises an elastic spacer (63), a spring (64) and a workpiece support plate (65), wherein the elastic spacer (63) is arranged below the head of the pre-tightening bolt (62), and the spring (64) is arranged between the back pressure plate (61) and the workpiece support plate (65).
  9. 9. The device for preventing secondary discharge of side wall in deep hole machining by electric spark according to claim 5, wherein the resistance increasing particle adding structure (24) comprises a connecting cover (241), a spring (242) and a piston (243), one end of the connecting cover (241) is provided with external threads and is in threaded connection with the connecting seat (21), the other end of the connecting cover is provided with a blind hole, the spring (242) is arranged between the connecting cover (241) and the piston (243) and is arranged on a piston rod of the piston (243), and the piston (243) is connected in the blind hole through the piston rod.
  10. 10. A method for deep hole processing by using the device according to claim 1-9, comprising the following steps: s1, clamping a workpiece; S2, covering a back pressing plate (61) above a to-be-processed area of the workpiece, and tightly pressing the back pressing plate (61) on the surface of the workpiece by rotating pre-tightening bolts (62) on two sides; S3, connecting the internal spraying type tool electrode (11) with the machine feeding structure (3) and the resistance increasing particle release system (2) through the hollow connecting section (12) and the clamping head (13); S4, connecting a pipeline of the spark oil circulation system (4) to ensure that the workpiece is positioned in spark oil; S5, the machine feeding structure (3) drives the tool electrode (11) to feed downwards to start electric spark perforation processing; S6, when the plastic is processed to a certain depth, an electromagnet controller (223) in a switch system (22) acts to open a resistance-increasing particle release channel (213) to release the stored tiny resistance-increasing plastic particles, S7, particles are sprayed out of the spray holes and enter a gap between the inner spray type tool electrode (11) and the hole wall, and as the back pressure plate forms back pressure on the machined hole section, tiny plastic particles are gathered and suspended in the area; s8, when the inner spray type tool electrode (11) continues to downwards process a new area, the secondary discharge of the discharge energy to the processed precise side wall is effectively inhibited by the higher resistance; s9, continuously carrying out the process until the target depth is reached, and taking down the workpiece.

Description

Device and method for preventing secondary discharge of side wall in electric spark deep hole machining Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of electric spark machining, in particular to a device and a method for preventing secondary discharge of a side wall in electric spark deep hole machining. Background Hole processing is a processing technology with a relatively large proportion in mechanical processing, and in the hole processing, particularly small holes and deep holes are most difficult to process, and particularly in recent years, materials are developed to be high in strength and high in hardness, and small holes are often required to be processed on some difficult-to-process materials. However, the traditional machining method is low in efficiency, machining precision is affected due to cutter abrasion, and even some special materials are difficult to machine. The electric spark machining is to melt and vaporize the material at high temperature instantaneously by means of pulse discharge of the tool electrode to reach the aim of machining. The electric spark processing is not limited by the hardness and strength of the material, is only related to the conductivity and thermal property of the material, and can process all conductive materials. In the electric spark machining process, the tool electrode and the workpiece are respectively connected with two poles of a pulse power supply and immersed in working fluid or the working fluid is charged into a discharge gap. The automatic control system controls the tool electrode to feed the workpiece, when the machined small hole reaches a certain depth, the machined area is machined again by the tool electrode to form a reaming, so that the periphery of the machined small hole is damaged, and finally the machining precision is reduced. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a device and a method for preventing secondary discharge of a side wall in electric spark deep hole machining, which are used for solving the problems in the background art. The device for preventing secondary discharge of the side wall in the electric spark deep hole machining comprises an electric spark discharge machining structure, a resistance-increasing particle release system and a spark oil circulation system, wherein the electric spark discharge machining structure comprises an internal spraying type tool electrode, a hollow connecting section and a chuck, the internal spraying type tool electrode is hollow and is arranged on the hollow connecting section, the hollow connecting section is arranged on the chuck, and the chuck is arranged on a machine feeding structure; The resistance-increasing particle release system comprises a connecting seat, a switch system, an oil delivery valve and a resistance-increasing particle adding structure, wherein the upper end of the connecting seat is connected to the resistance-increasing particle adding structure, the switch system is connected to the side surface of the connecting seat, and the oil delivery valve is arranged at the mouth part of an oil inlet pipeline on the connecting seat; The machine feeding structure is used for driving the electric spark discharge machining structure and the resistance increasing particle release system to move up and down along the Z axis; the spark oil circulation system is used for realizing the circulation of spark oil in the working box; The back pressure system comprises a back pressure plate, electrode through holes are formed in the back pressure plate, pre-tightening bolts are arranged on two sides of the back pressure plate, and the pre-tightening bolts can enable the back pressure plate to be tightly pressed on the surface of a processed workpiece through rotation. Preferably, the hollow tube of the inner spray type tool electrode penetrates through the hollow connecting section and the clamping head and is communicated with the connecting seat, the bottom of the hollow tube of the inner spray type tool electrode is closed, a spray hole penetrating outwards is arranged on the side face of the hollow tube, the spray hole is inclined to the upper side by 10-12 degrees, and the spray hole is used for spraying resistance-increasing material particles. Preferably, the hollow connecting section is stepped, and the big end of the hollow connecting section is provided with external threads for connecting the clamping head; the small end of the hollow connecting section is provided with an internal thread and is used for connecting an internal spraying type tool electrode; the chuck main body is stepped, and the small end of the chuck is provided with external threads and is connected with the connecting seat. Preferably, the left plane of the connecting seat is provided with a spark oil inlet channel, the symmetrical side plane of the oil inlet channel is provided with a switch control channel, and the switch system is arranged at the opening part of the swit