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CN-122007521-A - Reciprocating liquid-passing type electrolytic machining device and electrolytic machining method

CN122007521ACN 122007521 ACN122007521 ACN 122007521ACN-122007521-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a reciprocating liquid-passing type electrolytic machining device and an electrolytic machining method, which are applied to electrolytic machining equipment, wherein the electrolytic machining equipment comprises a machine tool, the machine tool is provided with a rotary main shaft and a machining main shaft, a workpiece is arranged on the rotary main shaft, the machining main shaft is used for installing a cathode assembly, the reciprocating liquid-passing type electrolytic machining device comprises a box body which is arranged on the machine tool and is covered on the workpiece, a machining opening for allowing the cathode assembly to extend in is formed in the side wall of the box body, a machining gap for allowing the cathode assembly to extend into the machining opening and form a power supply liquid circulation with the machining surface of the workpiece is formed, the box body is provided with two groups of liquid-supplying channels communicated with the machining gap and a reversing mechanism for controlling the communicating state of the liquid-supplying channels, the liquid-supplying directions of the two groups of liquid-supplying channels are opposite, and the reversing mechanism is used for communicating any group of liquid-supplying channels to the machining gap and blocking the communicating state of the other group of liquid-supplying channels and the machining gap.

Inventors

  • GU MINKAI
  • YUE LEI
  • ZHOU YANG
  • LIAO AIHONG
  • Jian Shitong
  • TAN SHUWEN

Assignees

  • 中国航发南方工业有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260202

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The reciprocating liquid-passing type electrolytic machining device is applied to electrolytic machining equipment, the electrolytic machining equipment comprises a machine tool, the machine tool is provided with a rotary main shaft (21) and a machining main shaft, the rotary main shaft (21) is used for installing a workpiece, the machining main shaft is used for installing a cathode assembly (28), and is characterized in that the reciprocating liquid-passing type electrolytic machining device comprises a box body (14) which is installed on the machine tool and covers the workpiece, a machining port for the cathode assembly (28) to extend in is formed in the side wall of the box body (14), a machining gap (19) for enabling the cathode assembly (28) to extend into the machining port and form a power supply liquid circulation with a machining surface of the workpiece, the box body (14) is provided with two groups of liquid-returning channels which are communicated to the machining gap (19) and reversing mechanisms for controlling the communication state of the liquid-returning channels, and the reversing mechanisms are used for communicating any group of the liquid-returning channels to the machining gap (19) and blocking the other group of liquid-returning channels from being communicated with the machining gap (19).
  2. 2. The reciprocating liquid-through type electrolytic machining device according to claim 1, wherein the side wall of the box body (14) is respectively close to two ends of the box body (14) and is provided with a first liquid inlet (1) and a second liquid inlet (4) which are used for being communicated with the machining gap (19), the side wall of the box body (14) is respectively close to two ends of the box body (14) and is provided with a first liquid outlet (3) and a second liquid outlet (2) which are used for being communicated with the machining gap (19), the first liquid inlet (1) and the second liquid inlet (4) are used for being respectively connected with liquid inlet pipes of a machine tool, the first liquid inlet (1) and the second liquid outlet (2) are located on a first side of the machining gap, the second liquid inlet (4) and the first liquid outlet (3) are located on a second side of the machining gap, the first liquid inlet (3) and the second liquid outlet (4) are used for being communicated with the machining gap (19) through the first liquid inlet (3) and the second liquid outlet (19), or the reversing mechanism is used for enabling the second liquid inlet (4) to be communicated with the second liquid outlet (2) through the processing gap (19) and blocking the communication state of the first liquid outlet (3), the first liquid inlet (1) and the processing gap (19).
  3. 3. The reciprocating liquid-passing type electrolytic machining device according to claim 2, wherein the box body (14) is provided with a first reversing channel (8) which is respectively communicated with the machining gap (19), the first liquid inlet (1) and the second liquid outlet (2), the box body (14) is also provided with a second reversing channel (12) which is respectively communicated with the machining gap (19), the second liquid inlet (4) and the first liquid outlet (3), and the box body (14) is also provided with a first reversing rod (5) penetrating through the first reversing channel (8) and a second reversing rod (6) penetrating through the second reversing channel (12); The first reversing rod (5) is respectively provided with a first sealing structure and a second sealing structure which are positioned at different preset axial positions, the first reversing rod (5) is used for being driven to move by the outside to enable the second sealing structure to be matched with the second liquid outlet (2) so as to block the communication between the second liquid outlet (2) and the first reversing channel (8) and enable the first liquid inlet (1) to be communicated with a part between the first sealing structure and the second sealing structure of the first reversing channel (8), or is used for being driven to move by the outside to enable the first sealing structure to be matched with the first liquid inlet (1) so as to block the communication between the first liquid inlet (1) and the first reversing channel (8) and enable the communication between the second liquid outlet (2) to be communicated with a part between the first sealing structure and the second sealing structure of the first reversing channel (8); The second reversing rod (6) is respectively provided with a third sealing structure and a fourth sealing structure which are positioned at different preset axial positions, the second reversing rod (6) is used for being driven to move to the outside, the fourth sealing structure is matched with the second liquid inlet (4) so as to block the communication of the second liquid inlet (4) and the second reversing channel (12) and simultaneously enable the first liquid outlet (3) to be communicated to a part between the third sealing structure and the fourth sealing structure of the second reversing channel (12), or is used for being driven to move to the outside, the third sealing structure is matched with the first liquid outlet (3) so as to block the communication of the first liquid outlet (3) and the second reversing channel (12) and simultaneously enable the communication of the second liquid inlet (4) to a part between the third sealing structure and the fourth sealing structure of the second reversing channel (12).
  4. 4. A reciprocating liquid-passing electrochemical machining device according to claim 3, characterized in that the first reversing channel (8) and the second reversing channel (12) are arranged in parallel, the first reversing rod (5) and the second reversing rod (6) have the same length and extend out of the box body (14), and the distance between the first liquid inlet (1) and the second liquid outlet (2) is the same as the distance between the second liquid inlet (4) and the first liquid outlet (3); A first limiting part (30) and a second limiting part (31) are respectively arranged at preset positions on two opposite sides of the machine tool outside the box body (14), the first limiting part (30) is used for propping and matching with the first end of the first reversing rod (5) and the first end of the second reversing rod (6) in the process that the machine tool drives the box body (14) to move towards the first limiting part (30), and the first sealing structure is matched with the first liquid inlet (1) and the third sealing structure is matched with the first liquid outlet (3) when the machine tool moves to the limit position or the preset position; The second limiting part (31) is used for being in abutting fit with the second end of the first reversing rod (5) and the second end of the second reversing rod (6) in the process that the machine tool drives the box body (14) to move towards the second limiting part (31), and when the machine tool moves to the limit position or the preset position, the second sealing structure is matched with the second liquid outlet (2), and the fourth sealing structure is matched with the second liquid inlet (4).
  5. 5. The reciprocating liquid-passing electrochemical machining device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the radial dimension of the first reversing rod (5) is smaller than the radial dimension of the first reversing channel (8), the radial dimension of the second reversing rod (6) is smaller than the radial dimension of the second reversing channel (12), the first sealing structure comprises first annular protrusions which are axially distributed at intervals and are matched with the radial dimension of the first reversing channel (8) at two positions of the first reversing rod (5), the second sealing structure comprises first annular protrusions which are axially distributed at intervals and are arranged at two positions of the first reversing rod (5), the third sealing structure comprises second annular protrusions which are axially distributed at intervals and are matched with the radial dimension of the second reversing channel (12), the fourth sealing structure comprises second annular protrusions which are axially distributed at two positions of the second reversing rod (6), and the first annular protrusions and the second annular protrusions are respectively provided with elastic sealing rings (10).
  6. 6. A reciprocating liquid-passing electrochemical machining device according to claim 3, characterized in that the first reversing channel (8) and the machining gap (19) are preceded by a first flow guide channel (17), and that a second flow guide channel (18) is arranged between the second reversing channel (12) and the machining gap (19).
  7. 7. The reciprocating liquid-passing electrochemical machining device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cathode assembly (28) comprises a cathode machining blade (26), a spindle connection block (25) provided to the machining spindle for mounting the cathode machining blade (26), and an insulating layer (27) provided to an outer wall of the cathode machining blade (26).
  8. 8. The reciprocating liquid-passing type electrolytic machining device according to claim 1, wherein an installation cavity is formed in a first end opening of the box body (14) and is used for accommodating a rotating main shaft (21) of the machine tool, a positioning block (22) installed on the rotating main shaft (21) and a workpiece arranged on the positioning block (22), and a cover plate (13) is arranged at a second end of the box body (14).
  9. 9. The reciprocating liquid-passing electrochemical machining apparatus of claim 8, wherein the workpiece is a casing (24), an end of the positioning block (22) is provided with a stepped configuration for mating with an inner ring of a first end of the casing (24), and the reciprocating liquid-passing electrochemical machining apparatus further comprises a pressing plate (23) for press-fastening the inner ring of the first end of the casing (24) to the positioning block (22).
  10. 10. An electrolytic machining method for machining a receiver (24) workpiece, characterized by being applied to the reciprocating liquid-passing electrolytic machining device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the electrolytic machining method comprising: S1, installing a box body (14) and clamping a workpiece on a machine tool, and installing a cathode assembly (28); S2, connecting a cathode assembly (28) with a power supply cathode and connecting a workpiece with a power supply anode, wherein the box body (14) is correspondingly connected with a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe; S3, setting technological parameters to start processing, wherein in the processing process, electrolyte is stopped to be supplied after flowing through a processing gap (19) for a preset time through one group of liquid supply and return channels, is switched to the other group of liquid supply and return channels through a reversing mechanism, is supplied for a preset time again, and is circularly switched to continue processing until forming.

Description

Reciprocating liquid-passing type electrolytic machining device and electrolytic machining method Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic machining, in particular to a reciprocating liquid-passing type electrolytic machining device. In addition, the invention also relates to an electrolytic machining method comprising the reciprocating liquid-passing type electrolytic machining device. Background The casing is an important component of an aeroengine, is generally made of difficult-to-process materials such as high-temperature alloy and is a typical large-scale difficult-to-process component. In order to reduce the weight, a large number of structures such as cavities are generally formed on the surface of the machine, a currently common machining method is a milling technology, but the milling of the machine box cavity by milling has the defects of easy deformation, low machining efficiency and large cutter loss, and the machining requirement of the machine box cavity cannot be well met. The electrochemical machining technology is a technological method for forming metal materials based on an electrochemical dissolution principle, is not influenced by the cutting performance of the materials, has no cutter loss and high machining efficiency, and is very suitable for efficiently machining difficult-to-machine materials. However, when the electrolytic machining is performed in a machining of a casing cavity, particularly a deep cavity, the product concentration and the bubble content at the outlet of the electrolyte are higher than those at the inlet due to the flushing effect of the electrolyte, so that the conductivity is reduced, namely, the conductivity is gradually reduced along the flowing direction of the electrolyte, the material erosion rate is reduced, the material removal rate at the inlet is more, the material removal rate at the outlet is less, and obvious gradient appears, as shown in fig. 1, so that the thickness of the machined cavity is different, and therefore, a device capable of automatically reversing the electrolyte in the machining process is needed to be designed, so that the gradient effect caused by the flowing direction of the electrolyte is offset, and the machining precision is improved. Disclosure of Invention The invention provides a reciprocating liquid-passing type electrolytic machining device and an electrolytic machining method, which are used for solving the technical problem of inconsistent inlet and outlet machining quantity caused by fixed electrolyte flow direction in the conventional electrolytic machining. According to one aspect of the invention, a reciprocating liquid-passing type electrolytic machining device is provided, the device is applied to electrolytic machining equipment, the electrolytic machining equipment comprises a machine tool, the machine tool is provided with a rotary main shaft and a machining main shaft, the rotary main shaft is used for installing a workpiece, the machining main shaft is used for installing a cathode assembly, the reciprocating liquid-passing type electrolytic machining device comprises a box body which is installed on the machine tool and covers the workpiece, a machining opening used for allowing the cathode assembly to extend in is formed in the side wall of the box body, a machining gap used for enabling the cathode assembly to extend into the machining opening and form a power supply liquid circulation with a machining surface of the workpiece is formed, the box body is provided with two groups of liquid-returning channels communicated with the machining gap and a reversing mechanism used for controlling the communicating state of the liquid-returning channels, and the liquid-returning directions of the two groups of liquid-returning channels are opposite, and the reversing mechanism is used for communicating any group of the liquid-returning channels with the machining gap and blocking the communicating state of the other group of liquid-returning channels with the machining gap. According to the technical scheme, the side wall of the box body is respectively close to two ends of the box body and is provided with a first liquid inlet and a second liquid inlet which are used for being communicated with the machining gap, the side wall of the box body is respectively close to two ends of the box body and is provided with a first liquid outlet and a second liquid outlet which are used for being communicated with the machining gap, the first liquid inlet and the second liquid inlet are respectively connected with a liquid inlet pipe of a machine tool, the first liquid outlet and the second liquid outlet are respectively connected with a liquid outlet pipe of the machine tool, the first liquid inlet and the second liquid outlet are positioned on the first side of the machining gap, the second liquid inlet and the first liquid outlet are positioned on the second side of the machining gap, and