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CN-122007609-A - Composite laser welding process and device for copper and stainless steel and application of composite laser welding process and device

CN122007609ACN 122007609 ACN122007609 ACN 122007609ACN-122007609-A

Abstract

The invention relates to a copper and stainless steel composite laser welding process, a device and application thereof, wherein after a copper piece to be welded is assembled with the end face of a stainless steel piece in a fitting way to form a joint, an infrared laser beam and a blue laser beam are used for forming a red and blue composite laser beam by a red and blue composite laser beam, one or more positions of the joint path are subjected to pre-laser welding by the red and blue composite laser beam, spot welding and/or sectional welding are/is carried out by the red and blue composite laser beam along the joint path to form a welding seam, a spot formed by the infrared laser beam is controlled to swing and the swing center is positioned on the joint path, the blue light spot center of the blue laser beam is controlled to deviate to one side of the copper piece outside the joint path, and filling materials such as welding wires and welding rods are not needed, so that the welding efficiency and quality of the copper piece and the stainless steel piece with the thickness less than or equal to 3mm can be effectively improved, the production cost is remarkably reduced, and a technical path is provided for large-scale production of copper and stainless steel plates and the like.

Inventors

  • WENG LEI
  • WANG YIZHANG
  • WAN WENFENG
  • SONG WENDONG
  • XU MENGWEI

Assignees

  • 苏州蓝牧精融科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260226

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The composite laser welding process of copper and stainless steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: After a copper piece (16) to be welded is assembled with the end face of a stainless steel piece (17) in a fitting mode to form a seam (18), an infrared laser beam (14) and a blue laser beam (15) are used for forming a red-blue composite laser beam (19), one or more positions of the seam (18) are subjected to pre-laser welding by the red-blue composite laser beam (19), spot welding and/or segmented welding are/is carried out by the red-blue composite laser beam (19) along the seam (18) to form a welding line, the spot swing formed by the infrared laser beam (14) is controlled by the pre-laser welding and the laser welding, the swing center is located on the seam (18) path, and meanwhile, the blue light spot center of the blue laser beam (15) is controlled to deviate to one side of the copper piece (16) outside the seam (18) path.
  2. 2. The composite laser welding process of copper and stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the assembly gap between the copper piece (16) to be welded and the end face of the stainless steel piece (17) is less than or equal to 0.3mm, the copper piece (16) is provided with a groove assembled with the stainless steel piece (17), or the stainless steel piece (17) is provided with a groove assembled with the copper piece (16), the pressing plate is pressed above the copper piece (16) and the stainless steel piece (17) during pre-laser welding, and the pressing of the pressing plate can be released during laser welding.
  3. 3. The process for welding copper and stainless steel by composite laser according to claim 1, wherein the spot formed by the infrared laser beam (14) swings in a ring shape, the swing diameter phi 1 is 0.4-1.2mm, the offset distance d from the center of the blue light spot to the copper piece (16) side outside the path of the seam (18) is 0.5-1mm, the blue light spot diameter phi 2 is 0.5-2mm, the infrared laser beam (14) is formed by the infrared laser, the blue laser beam (15) is formed by the blue laser, and the power of the infrared laser and the blue laser is increased in laser welding compared with the pre-laser welding.
  4. 4. The process for welding copper and stainless steel by composite laser according to claim 3, wherein the power of the infrared laser is 1200-1500W, the power of the blue laser is 300-500W, the blue light spot diameter phi 2 is 0.5-1.5mm, and the spot welding time is 100-200ms.
  5. 5. The composite laser welding process of copper and stainless steel according to claim 3, wherein during the sectional welding, the power of the infrared laser is 1200-1500W, the power of the blue laser is 300-500W, the blue light spot diameter phi 2 is 0.5-1.5mm, the sectional welding speed is 40-80mm/s, and during the sectional welding, the whole joint (18) path is sequentially divided into a plurality of sections and the joint sections with intervals are welded, and the welding depth accounts for 40% -60% of the joint depth h.
  6. 6. The process for welding copper and stainless steel according to claim 5, wherein the power of the infrared laser is 3000-5000W, the power of the blue laser is 500-800W, the blue light spot diameter phi 2 is 1-2mm, and the laser welding speed is 40-80mm/s.
  7. 7. The process for composite laser welding of copper and stainless steel according to claim 3, wherein the pre-laser welding and the laser welding are performed under a protective gas, the protective gas is at least one of nitrogen and argon, the protective gas is opened for 500-1000ms in advance during the light-emitting welding, and the flow rate of the protective gas is 15-22L/min.
  8. 8. The composite laser welding process of copper and stainless steel according to claim 1, wherein the copper piece (16) is made of T1 red copper or T2 red copper, the stainless steel piece (17) is made of 304l stainless steel or 316l stainless steel, the thickness of the copper piece (16) is less than or equal to 3mm, the thickness of the stainless steel piece (17) is less than or equal to 3mm, and the weld penetration is greater than or equal to the joint depth h.
  9. 9. The application of the composite laser welding process of copper and stainless steel according to any one of claims 1-8, which is characterized by comprising welding production for a soaking plate, wherein the soaking plate comprises a copper base (8), a stainless steel cover plate (9) and a copper guide nozzle (10), spot welding is firstly carried out between the copper guide nozzle (10) and the stainless steel cover plate (9), sectional welding is carried out between the copper base (8) and the stainless steel cover plate (9), and then laser welding is carried out between the copper guide nozzle (10) and the stainless steel cover plate (9) and between the copper base (8) and the stainless steel cover plate (9).
  10. 10. The device for welding the copper and the stainless steel by the composite laser is characterized by comprising a red-blue composite welding head (13) with an infrared swinging function, wherein the red-blue composite welding head (13) is used for performing pre-laser welding and laser welding according to the copper and stainless steel composite laser welding process of any one of claims 1-8.

Description

Composite laser welding process and device for copper and stainless steel and application of composite laser welding process and device Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of laser welding, and particularly relates to a copper and stainless steel composite laser welding process and device and application thereof in copper and stainless steel soaking plate welding production. Background Copper has the advantages of higher heat conductivity, good ductility, easy workability and the like, can be used as heat conduction and heat dissipation components and the like, stainless steel has the advantages of strong heat blocking property, high mechanical strength, corrosion resistance and the like, can be used as structural bearing, protection and the like, can utilize the advantages of two dissimilar metals to connect copper and stainless steel into a whole, and makes up for the advantages of a single material short plate, for example, copper and stainless steel are connected to form a vapor chamber which can form a runner through the inside, copper heat conduction is utilized to dissipate heat of chips, electronic devices and the like, structural rigidity is also maintained by the stainless steel, the mechanical connection is difficult to meet the high air tightness and fatigue resistance requirements of the runner, the vapor chamber packaging of copper and stainless steel dissimilar materials mostly adopts high-temperature brazing and high-temperature diffusion welding, but relies on high-cost silver-based material welding, the material cost is more than 50%, the welding cost is high, and the subversion property difference of copper and stainless steel is up to W/m.K, the linear expansion coefficient is approximately 2 times, the thermal conductivity of copper is easy to cause the difference of thermal conductivity of 398W/m.K, the thermal conductivity of the stainless steel is easy to cause the thermal expansion coefficient of 2 times, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the thermal conductivity is easy to cause the thermal expansion coefficient to be equal to Wen Tuohan mm, and the high in mass and the crack is high in quality and the product is limited to be high in quality and the product quality and is particularly limited to be a high in the product and crack and has high quality and stress is limited. In the prior art, although some copper and stainless steel welding methods are disclosed, for example, a red copper and stainless steel welding piece and tungsten argon arc welding process disclosed in patent CN120133668A finishes red copper and stainless steel welding by forming V-shaped grooves and a plurality of grooves, complicated procedures such as filling and grooving lead to the improvement of equipment complexity, production space is limited, and simultaneously, the welding speed is difficult to improve due to the wire filling calibration and wire feeding operation, so that the production cost is high and the efficiency is insufficient; patent CN112775550a discloses a laser welding method for dissimilar materials of T2 red copper and 301 stainless steel, wherein the front end of a welding wire is preset above a welding plane, laser welding is carried out on a workpiece to be welded by completely deflecting a laser beam towards the side of a 301 stainless steel base metal, but welding of 1-2 mm thick red copper and stainless steel still needs to be completed in a wire filling mode, so that production cost and efficiency are limited, brittle Fe-Cu intermetallic compounds such as sigma phase are easily generated if the mutual solubility of copper and iron in a metallurgical layer is less than 4%, joint strength is suddenly reduced by 30% -50%, the light reflectivity of red copper is more than 95% on stainless steel, the melting point is lower than 367 ℃ on the stainless steel, molten pool control is extremely difficult, defects such as unfused, air holes and the like are easily caused, and the characteristics of material thermophysical property difference, metallurgical compatibility and the like are also required on the basis when laser welding of copper and stainless steel are realized, so that the laser welding of a welding rod and a filler material and a stainless steel is extremely challenging when laser welding of welding wire and the like is omitted. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems to a certain extent, and provides a copper and stainless steel composite laser welding process, a device and application thereof, which do not need filler materials such as welding wires, welding rods and the like, can effectively improve the welding efficiency and quality of copper parts and stainless steel parts with the thickness less than or equal to 3mm, remarkably reduce the production cost, and provide a technical path for large-scale mass production of soaking plates and the like of copper and stainless steel. The technical