CN-122007612-A - Ultrasonic-assisted negative pressure laser welding system and welding method

CN122007612ACN 122007612 ACN122007612 ACN 122007612ACN-122007612-A

Abstract

The invention relates to an ultrasonic auxiliary negative pressure laser welding system and method, and belongs to the technical field of laser processing. The system includes vacuum chamber, laser generator, ultrasonic vibration generator and sealed vibration isolation subassembly, be equipped with the welding window on the vacuum chamber, laser generator sets up outside the cabin, ultrasonic vibration generator sets up outside the cabin, including ultrasonic energy transmission component, sealed vibration isolation subassembly includes vibration isolation sleeve shell, bellows and ring flange, the bulkhead is equipped with the installation cavity, vibration isolation sleeve sets up in the cavity and is fixed through the ring flange, and be equipped with vibration isolation clearance between with the bulkhead, the bellows cover is established outside ultrasonic energy transmission component, its both ends respectively with ultrasonic energy transmission component and ring flange airtight connection, ultrasonic energy transmission component extends to the cabin. According to the invention, the ultrasonic vibration generator is arranged outside the cabin, only the energy transmission component penetrates the cabin, so that the electric component is prevented from being arranged in a negative pressure environment, and static seal is formed by the vibration isolation sleeve shell and the corrugated pipe structure, so that the hidden danger of dynamic seal abrasion is eliminated.

Inventors

TAN CAIWANG
Xu Bingxiao
LIU FUYUN
YANG YUXI
SU JIANHUI
SONG XIAOGUO
CHEN BO
FENG JICAI

Assignees

哈尔滨工业大学（威海）

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260311

Claims (10)

1. An ultrasonic auxiliary negative pressure laser welding system is characterized by comprising a vacuum cabin (1), a laser generating device (2), an ultrasonic vibration generator (7) and a sealing vibration isolation assembly (8); The vacuum cabin (1) is provided with a welding window, the laser generating device (2) is arranged outside the vacuum cabin (1), and laser beams generated by the laser generating device (2) can irradiate into the vacuum cabin (1) through the welding window; the ultrasonic vibration generator (7) is arranged outside the vacuum cabin (1), and the ultrasonic vibration generator (7) comprises an ultrasonic energy transmission component (704); The sealed vibration isolation assembly (8) comprises a vibration isolation sleeve (801), a corrugated pipe (802) and a flange plate (803), wherein a mounting cavity is formed in the bulkhead of the vacuum cabin (1) at the position where the ultrasonic energy transmission component (704) passes through, the vibration isolation sleeve (801) is arranged in the mounting cavity and is fixed through the flange plate (803), and a vibration isolation gap (804) is formed between the outer wall of the vibration isolation sleeve (801) and the inner wall of the mounting cavity; The ultrasonic energy transmission component (704) passes through the flange plate (803), the vibration isolation sleeve (801) and the bulkhead and extends into the vacuum cabin (1); the corrugated pipe (802) is sleeved outside the ultrasonic energy transmission component (704), and two ends of the corrugated pipe (802) are respectively connected with the ultrasonic energy transmission component (704) and the flange plate (803) in an airtight mode.
2. The ultrasonic-assisted negative pressure laser welding system of claim 1, wherein said vibration isolation gap (804) is an annular gap or a gap filled with a flexible isolation layer for preventing vibrations of said ultrasonic energy transfer member (704) from being transferred through said vibration isolation sleeve (801) to said bulkhead.
3. The ultrasonic-assisted negative pressure laser welding system of claim 1, wherein said sealed vibration isolation assembly (8) further comprises an energy absorbing material (805) disposed inside said vibration isolation sleeve (801), said energy absorbing material (805) encasing or partially contacting said ultrasonic energy transfer member (704) for absorbing energy during ultrasonic vibration transmission.
4. The ultrasonic-assisted negative pressure laser welding system of claim 1, wherein the gas-tight connection between the bellows (802) and the ultrasonic energy-transmitting member (704) and the flange plate (803) is a welded connection.
5. The ultrasonic-assisted negative pressure laser welding system of claim 1, wherein a follower sleeve (806) is fixedly sleeved on the ultrasonic energy transmission member (704), and the corrugated tube (802) is welded with the follower sleeve (806).
6. The ultrasonic-assisted negative pressure laser welding system of claim 1, wherein said ultrasonic vibration generator (7) further comprises an ultrasonic power supply (701), an ultrasonic transducer (702) and a horn (703) connected in sequence, said horn (703) being connected to said ultrasonic energy-transmitting member (704).
7. The ultrasonic-assisted negative pressure laser welding system according to claim 1, further comprising a movement mechanism (4) arranged inside said vacuum chamber (1) for carrying and moving the workpieces to be welded.
8. The ultrasonic-assisted negative pressure laser welding system according to any of claims 1-7, further comprising a vacuum pump unit (3) and a pressure measuring device, said vacuum pump unit (3) being arranged outside said vacuum chamber (1), said pressure measuring device being arranged on said vacuum chamber (1), said vacuum pump unit (3) being adapted to pump said vacuum chamber (1) to a predetermined negative pressure or vacuum state.
9. The ultrasonic-assisted negative pressure laser welding system of claim 8, further comprising a control system electrically or signally connected to the laser generating device (2), ultrasonic vibration generator (7), vacuum pump stack (3) and pressure measuring device.
10. An ultrasonic-assisted negative pressure laser welding method, characterized by using the ultrasonic-assisted negative pressure laser welding system as claimed in any one of claims 1-9, comprising placing a workpiece to be welded in the vacuum chamber (1) with the region to be welded corresponding to one end of the ultrasonic energy transmission member (704) extending into the vacuum chamber (1), starting the vacuum pump unit (3) to vacuumize the interior of the vacuum chamber (1) or establish a desired negative pressure environment, starting the ultrasonic vibration generator (7) to generate high-frequency axial vibration of the ultrasonic energy transmission member (704), performing elastic displacement compensation through the corrugated tube (802), isolating or absorbing vibration transmitted to the bulkhead through the vibration isolation gap (804) and the energy absorption material (805) inside the vibration isolation sleeve (801), starting the laser generating device (2) to irradiate laser beams to the workpiece to be welded through the welding window, and performing laser welding under the assistance of ultrasonic vibration.

Description

Ultrasonic-assisted negative pressure laser welding system and welding method Technical Field The invention relates to an ultrasonic-assisted negative pressure laser welding system and a welding method, and belongs to the technical field of laser processing. Background Laser welding is widely applied to the field of connection manufacturing of high-performance metal structural members by virtue of the advantages of high energy density, concentrated heat input, high welding precision and the like. In application scenes with high requirements on weld joint quality, forming stability and internal defect control, a laser welding process under a negative pressure or low air pressure environment is often adopted, so that the behavior of a molten pool is improved, and welding defects such as air holes, splashing and the like are reduced. In order to further improve the stability of the welding process and the quality of the weld, it has been proposed to introduce ultrasonic vibrations as auxiliary energy fields during laser welding. The high-frequency ultrasonic vibration acts on the welding pool, so that the flow, bubble overflow and solidification behavior of the welding pool can be influenced, and the weld joint forming and tissue performance are improved. However, the combination of ultrasonic vibration with a negative pressure or vacuum welding environment still presents a significant challenge in terms of engineering implementation. In the prior art, in order to realize ultrasonic-assisted laser welding under a negative pressure or vacuum environment, a technical scheme of integrally arranging an ultrasonic vibrator inside a vacuum chamber is generally adopted. In such a scheme, the ultrasonic transducer, horn and ultrasonic working head are all in a vacuum or low pressure environment, the ultrasonic working head is in direct contact with the workpiece, and ultrasonic vibration is transmitted to the bottom of the weld pool through weld metal. In order to ensure that the ultrasonic vibrator operates normally in a vacuum environment, the related art generally provides a seal housing outside the ultrasonic vibrator, and provides a dynamic seal structure and a lubrication medium between the ultrasonic working head and a through hole of the seal housing to form a local seal environment. The technical scheme of the integral cabin entering type ultrasonic vibration device solves the problem that the ultrasonic vibrator and the sealing structure thereof are required to be positioned in the welding cabin body for a long time and are easily influenced by metal vapor, smoke dust and splashes generated in the welding process, so that high requirements are put on the reliability and maintainability of the device, and on the other hand, the ultrasonic working head still needs to rely on the dynamic sealing structure to maintain the sealing performance under the high-frequency vibration condition, and the dynamic sealing part is easy to wear and have the problems of lubricating property attenuation and sealing performance reduction under the long-time high-frequency vibration and thermal load effect, so that the stable operation of the system is influenced. In addition, the ultrasonic vibration system is integrally arranged in the vacuum cabin, so that the complexity of the structure in the cabin is increased, and the modular design and the later maintenance of the welding equipment are not facilitated. Therefore, in the application of negative pressure or vacuum laser welding, a new technical scheme is still needed, the stable introduction of ultrasonic vibration to a welding area is realized on the premise that the ultrasonic vibration generator is not integrally arranged in a vacuum environment, and meanwhile, the reliability problem caused by a dynamic sealing structure under the high-frequency vibration condition is avoided, so that the requirements of engineering application and long-term stable operation are met. It should be noted that the above information disclosed in this background section is only for understanding the background of the inventive concept and thus it may contain information that does not form the prior art. Disclosure of Invention The present invention aims to provide a new technical solution to improve or solve the technical problems existing in the prior art as described above. The technical scheme includes that the ultrasonic auxiliary negative pressure laser welding system comprises a vacuum cabin, a laser generating device, an ultrasonic vibration generator and a sealing vibration isolation assembly, wherein a welding window is arranged on the vacuum cabin, the laser generating device is arranged outside the vacuum cabin, laser beams generated by the laser generating device can irradiate into the vacuum cabin through the welding window, the ultrasonic vibration generator is arranged outside the vacuum cabin and comprises an ultrasonic energy transmission component, the sealing vibration iso