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CN-122007631-A - Composite welding method and welding device for heterogeneous aluminum alloy

CN122007631ACN 122007631 ACN122007631 ACN 122007631ACN-122007631-A

Abstract

The invention provides a composite welding method and a welding device for heterogeneous aluminum alloy, wherein the composite welding method comprises the following steps of S1, setting a composite welding heat source, S2, setting a laser angle theta 1 and an angle theta 2 of a welding wire, S3, setting a laser defocusing amount, S4, adjusting a distance between the welding wire and laser, S5, starting an arc by firstly, starting pulse laser after the arc is successfully started, and welding the pulse laser in a swinging posture, and S6, after the welding is finished, collecting the laser and collecting the arc by the arc. The invention adopts a composite welding method combining arc welding and pulse laser welding, and the interaction of laser and electric arc solves the problem of welding heterogeneous aluminum alloy independently by the laser welding and the electric arc welding respectively, can avoid welding hot cracks, and improves the welding stability on the premise of ensuring the welding quality and the welding speed.

Inventors

  • ZHOU JIAHAO
  • LIU FANG
  • CHEN XING
  • YAN HUA

Assignees

  • 上海理工大学
  • 江苏北人智能制造科技股份有限公司

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20260403

Claims (10)

  1. 1. A composite welding method of heterogeneous aluminum alloy is characterized by adopting a composite welding method combining pulse laser welding and arc welding, and comprising the following steps of: S1, setting a composite welding heat source, wherein laser and welding wires of a welding gun are arranged along the welding direction of a workpiece, and the laser is arranged on the front side of the welding gun; S2, setting a compound welding angle, namely setting a laser angle, setting an angle theta 1 of laser and the surface of a workpiece according to the defocusing amount of the laser and the size of a laser head for emitting the laser, and setting an angle theta 2 of a welding wire and the surface of the workpiece; s3, setting laser defocus amount, wherein the laser is positive defocus or negative defocus, and the defocus amount is smaller than 10mm; s4, adjusting the distance between the welding wire and the laser, and adjusting the distance between the welding wire and the laser according to an arc welding process; S5, welding, namely firstly, arc starting by a welding gun, wherein the welding gun emits high-power pulse arc to break through an oxide layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy to form a molten pool, and after the arc starting is successful, starting by a laser to emit pulse laser to irradiate the molten pool, wherein the duty ratio of the pulse laser is 70-80%, and simultaneously, the arc starting power of the welding gun is reduced to normal welding power within a set time; and S6, after the welding is finished, laser light is received, an arc of a welding gun is received, and an arc receiving pit is filled.
  2. 2. The method of hybrid welding of aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the angle θ1 between the laser and the surface of the workpiece is 80-85 °.
  3. 3. The method for hybrid welding of a dissimilar aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein the angle θ2 between the welding wire and the surface of the workpiece is 60 to 70 °.
  4. 4. The method for hybrid welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys according to claim 1 wherein the spacing between the wire and the laser is 0-4mm.
  5. 5. The method for composite welding of heterogeneous aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the high power during arc striking is 1.3-1.6 times of the normal welding power, and after successful arc striking, the arc striking power of a welding gun is reduced to the normal welding power within 0.3-0.6S at a constant speed.
  6. 6. The method for composite welding of heterogeneous aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the swing posture of the laser is controlled by a swing track and a swing frequency, the swing track is sine-line (sin), circular, 8-shaped or + -shaped, and the swing frequency is 150Hz-250Hz.
  7. 7. The method of composite welding of a dissimilar aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the shielding gas is fed out through a welding gun before the arc starts and is kept fed over the molten pool during the welding process, and the feeding flow rate of the shielding gas is 20L/min to 25L/min.
  8. 8. A welding device for realizing the composite welding method of the heterogeneous aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1-7 is characterized by comprising a robot, a main control module, a laser welding module and an arc welding module which are arranged on the robot, wherein the robot drives the laser welding module and the arc welding module to move along a welding direction, the laser welding module comprises a laser, a laser head of the laser sends pulse laser to focus on a workpiece, the arc welding module comprises a welding gun, the output arc energy of the welding gun acts on the workpiece, and the main control module controls the laser welding module and the arc welding module to enable the arc to be combined with the pulse laser to weld the workpiece and enable the pulse laser to swing according to a preset track during welding.
  9. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the apparatus further comprises an adjusting assembly, the laser welding module and the arc welding module are mounted on the robot through a fixing seat, the laser welding module is arranged on one side of the fixing seat, the arc welding module is arranged on the other side of the fixing seat, and the adjusting assembly is arranged between the arc welding module and the fixing seat and used for adjusting the distance between a welding wire of the welding gun and the laser.
  10. 10. The device for hybrid welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys according to claim 9 wherein said first adjusting assembly comprises a first adjusting assembly and a second adjusting assembly, said first adjusting assembly is disposed on the fixed base for adjusting the position of the welding gun in a first direction, said second adjusting assembly is disposed at the output end of said first adjusting assembly for adjusting the position of the welding gun in a second direction, said first direction is perpendicular to said second direction, and said second direction is parallel to the welding direction.

Description

Composite welding method and welding device for heterogeneous aluminum alloy Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a composite welding method and device for heterogeneous aluminum alloy. Background Die-cast aluminum is widely applied to the fields of automobiles, communication electronics, aerospace and the like because of higher specific strength, good corrosion resistance, electric conduction, heat conduction, casting, processing and the like. With the development of industries such as automobiles and the like, the application of aluminum alloy integral die castings in car sound structural members is gradually improved, and most of battery boxes are five-series and six-series deformed aluminum, wherein the six-series aluminum alloy is obviously wider in application in battery packs than five-series aluminum alloy by virtue of excellent mechanical properties. At present, the connection technology between the vehicle body structure and the battery box deformation aluminum alloy becomes key. In the existing battery pack linking technology, friction stir welding, riveting and laser welding are adopted, wherein the friction stir welding and the laser welding have the best mechanical properties, but the friction stir welding cannot meet the requirements for irregular welding seams and fillet welding seams. The laser welding cannot thoroughly avoid hydrogen pores and is easy to derive process pores when welding die-cast aluminum, thereby causing performance degradation. The welding seam is narrower during welding, and the requirements on the positioning precision of laser and the assembly precision are higher. In the conventional arc welding, the energy density is not concentrated enough, so that when the aluminum alloy is welded, the welding depth is equal to that of laser welding, the part can generate great thermal deformation, the thermal cracking is very easy to occur, and the welding speed is difficult to improve. Because of different components and different thermophysical properties between the die-cast aluminum and the deformed aluminum, when the die-cast aluminum and the deformed aluminum are welded to different aluminum alloys, the large penetration welding is difficult to realize, and the required welding quality is difficult to reach by adopting the welding mode. Along with the demand of new energy automobiles, a new heterogeneous aluminum alloy welding process is necessary to be developed. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a composite welding method of heterogeneous aluminum alloy, which overcomes the defects in the prior art. In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is that the composite welding method of the heterogeneous aluminum alloy adopts a composite welding method combining pulse laser welding and arc welding, and comprises the following steps: S1, setting a composite welding heat source, wherein laser and welding wires of a welding gun are arranged along the welding direction of a workpiece, and the laser is arranged on the front side of the welding gun; S2, setting a compound welding angle, namely setting a laser angle, setting an angle theta 1 of laser and the surface of a workpiece according to the defocusing amount of the laser and the size of a laser head for emitting the laser, and setting an angle theta 2 of a welding wire and the surface of the workpiece; S3, setting laser defocusing amount, wherein the laser is positive defocusing or negative defocusing, the defocusing amount is smaller than 10mm, and the defocusing amount is preferably smaller than 5mm, namely within the range of-5 mm-5 mm. S4, adjusting the distance between the welding wire and the laser, and adjusting the distance between the welding wire and the laser according to an arc welding process; S5, arc starting is carried out by a welding gun, arc welding parameters are set according to workpiece materials and thickness, the welding parameters comprise wire feeding speed, arc power and the like, the welding gun sends high-power pulse arc to break through an oxide layer on the surface of an aluminum alloy to form a molten pool, after the arc starting is successful, a laser starts to send pulse laser to irradiate the molten pool, the duty ratio of the pulse laser is 70% -80%, meanwhile, the arc starting power of the welding gun is reduced to normal welding power in a set time, and then the pulse laser is injected into the molten pool in a swinging posture to stir the molten pool until the welding is finished; and S6, after the welding is finished, laser light is received, an arc of a welding gun is received, and an arc receiving pit is filled. Further, in the hybrid welding method of the heterogeneous aluminum alloy, the angle theta 1 between the laser and the surface of the workpiece is 80-85 degrees. Further, in the hybrid welding method of the heterogeneous aluminum alloy, the angle theta 2 between the weld