CN-122007635-A - Micro-texture preparation device and method for inhibiting hard alloy ablation defect by laser-ultrasonic combination

CN122007635ACN 122007635 ACN122007635 ACN 122007635ACN-122007635-A

Abstract

The invention provides a micro-texture preparation device and method for inhibiting hard alloy ablation defects by laser-ultrasonic combination, which relate to the technical field of alloy ablation processing and comprise an ultrasonic vibration coupling device, a laser-ultrasonic vibration coupling device and a laser-ultrasonic vibration coupling device, wherein the ultrasonic vibration coupling device is used for assembling hard alloy workpieces; the laser ablation device is used for scanning and ablating the surface of the hard alloy workpiece to form a micro-texture, the coupling clamp is used for rigidly clamping the hard alloy workpiece and enabling the hard alloy workpiece to form rigid or coupling contact with the output end of the ultrasonic transducer, and the nanosecond pulse laser outputs nanosecond pulse laser and finally focuses the laser beam on the surface of the hard alloy workpiece through the focusing optical lens to form a light spot. The invention has remarkable defect inhibition effect, can reduce splashing of the micro-texture area, basically eliminates micro-cracks caused by thermal stress along grain boundary expansion, greatly improves geometric precision and surface quality, has strong process robustness, is easy to implement, and has good industrial application prospect.

Inventors

WAN QUAN
WANG JIALE
ZHANG YIBO
JIAO TIANYU
YUE CAIXU

Assignees

哈尔滨理工大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260228

Claims (8)

1. A micro-texture preparation device for inhibiting hard alloy ablation defects by laser-ultrasonic composite is characterized by being applied to the ablation preparation of WC-Co hard alloy and comprising the following steps: the ultrasonic vibration coupling device is used for assembling the hard alloy workpiece and coupling ultrasonic vibration energy to the hard alloy workpiece; the laser ablation device is used for scanning and ablating the surface of the hard alloy workpiece to form a micro-texture; The ultrasonic vibration coupling device comprises an ultrasonic transducer and a coupling clamp, wherein the coupling clamp is used for rigidly clamping the hard alloy workpiece and enabling the hard alloy workpiece to form rigid or coupling contact with the output end of the ultrasonic transducer so as to synchronously transmit ultrasonic vibration to the hard alloy workpiece; The laser ablation device comprises a nanosecond pulse laser and a focusing optical lens, wherein the nanosecond pulse laser outputs nanosecond pulse laser, and finally the focusing optical lens focuses the laser beam on the surface of the hard alloy workpiece to form a light spot; When the laser ablation device executes scanning ablation, the ultrasonic vibration coupling device is controlled to output modulated ultrasonic vibration so as to interfere the dynamic process of the hard alloy molten pool by utilizing the cavitation effect and the sound flow effect induced by ultrasonic and inhibit microcracks and splash defects.
2. The micro-texture preparation device for inhibiting the ablation defect of the hard alloy by utilizing the laser-ultrasonic composite method according to claim 1, wherein the coupling clamp is used for providing a preload fastening force so as to prevent the hard alloy workpiece from loosening and attenuating ultrasonic energy in the machining process, the coupling clamp is fixedly arranged on the ultrasonic transducer through a fastening screw, the ultrasonic transducer is used for forming mechanical vibration and is applied to the hard alloy workpiece, so that the hard alloy workpiece is synchronously in a high-frequency ultrasonic vibration action state in the laser ablation process, and the ultrasonic transducer is fixedly arranged on the transducer fixing seat.
3. The micro-texture preparation device for inhibiting the ablation defect of hard alloy by using laser-ultrasonic composite according to claim 2, wherein the ultrasonic vibration coupling device further comprises a power amplifier and a signal generator, wherein the signal generator is used for generating an ultrasonic excitation signal with set frequency and waveform and outputting the ultrasonic excitation signal to the power amplifier, and the power amplifier is used for driving the ultrasonic transducer after amplifying the excitation signal so as to continuously output ultrasonic amplitude meeting the processing requirement.
4. The micro-texture preparation device for inhibiting hard alloy ablation defects by laser-ultrasonic combination according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the laser ablation device further comprises a light blocking mirror and a reflecting mirror, the light blocking mirror and the reflecting mirror are arranged on a light path between a nanosecond pulse laser and a focusing optical lens, the on-off of a laser light path is controlled through the light blocking mirror, the laser propagation direction is changed through the reflecting mirror, and the light path is turned over, so that a laser beam is transmitted to a processing area according to the device layout.
5. The micro-texture preparation device for inhibiting the ablation defect of the hard alloy by utilizing the laser-ultrasonic composite method according to claim 4, wherein a two-axis moving platform for bearing and positioning the ultrasonic vibration coupling device is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the transducer fixing seat and is used for realizing the accurate positioning and track movement of a hard alloy workpiece in a two-dimensional direction, so that the processing position arrangement and path planning of a micro-texture array are completed.
6. The micro-texture preparation device for inhibiting ablation defects of cemented carbide by laser-ultrasonic compounding according to claim 5, further comprising: The synchronous cooperative control system is connected with the ultrasonic vibration coupling device and the laser ablation device and is used for synchronously controlling and maintaining the hard alloy workpiece in a set ultrasonic vibration state in the whole laser scanning ablation process, and the synchronous cooperative control system also comprises a synchronous interface for realizing synchronous modulation of ultrasonic vibration output and laser processing pulses.
7. The micro-texture preparation device for inhibiting hard alloy ablation defects by laser-ultrasonic compounding according to claim 6, wherein the micro-texture preparation device is characterized in that: The ultrasonic driving unit is configured to output ultrasonic vibration with the frequency of 20kHz and the amplitude of 10-15 mu m; the laser processing pulse is modulated into a laser beam with the wavelength of 1064nm, the pulse width of 100-250ns, the average power of 20-50W, the pulse frequency of 20kHz, the scanning speed of 300-700 mm/s and the diameter of a focusing light spot of 50 μm.
8. A method for preparing a micro-texture for inhibiting the ablation defect of a hard alloy by adopting the laser-ultrasonic composite device for inhibiting the ablation defect of the hard alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, rigidly clamping and coupling a hard alloy workpiece through the coupling clamp to ensure that the hard alloy workpiece is rigidly contacted with the output end of the ultrasonic transducer so as to establish a stable ultrasonic vibration transmission path; S2, ultrasonic preloading and stabilization, namely starting the ultrasonic vibration coupling device to enable the hard alloy workpiece to obtain and maintain stable ultrasonic vibration with set amplitude and frequency, wherein the output frequency of the vibration is 20kHz, and the amplitude is 10-15 mu m; S3, laser-ultrasonic synchronous scanning ablation, namely starting the laser ablation device during the continuous action of stable ultrasonic vibration of the ultrasonic vibration coupling device, modulating laser processing pulse into a laser beam with the wavelength of 1064nm, the pulse width of 100-250ns, the average power of 20-50W, the pulse frequency of 20kHz, the scanning speed of 300-700 mm/S and the diameter of a focusing light spot of 50 mu m, controlling a laser beam to perform scanning ablation on the surface of a hard alloy workpiece according to a preset path, and synchronously forming a micro-texture morphology; s4, sequentially stopping and post-processing, namely, after scanning is finished, firstly closing the laser ablation device, after the workpiece is cooled, closing the ultrasonic vibration coupling device, and then cleaning and detecting the machined hard alloy workpiece.

Description

Micro-texture preparation device and method for inhibiting hard alloy ablation defect by laser-ultrasonic combination Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of alloy ablation processing, in particular to a micro-texture preparation device and method for inhibiting hard alloy ablation defects by laser-ultrasonic combination. Background Cemented carbide has become a key material for manufacturing high-end cutting tools, precision dies and wear-resistant parts due to its excellent high hardness, high wear resistance and good high temperature stability. In order to improve the service performance of the hard alloy cutter under the extreme friction condition, the preparation of the micrometer-scale regular texture on the surface of the hard alloy cutter is an effective surface modification means. These microtextures can capture wear debris, store lubricant, and change surface contact conditions, thereby significantly improving frictional wear performance. At present, nanosecond pulse laser processing technology has become a mainstream method for preparing the micro-texture due to the characteristics of high precision, high efficiency and non-contact. Meanwhile, a method of ablating holes in a hard nonmetallic substrate is known in the art under the application number of CN 02813241.6. At least one laser assembly is provided that is capable of producing a laser beam having a focal point on an axis, wherein the focal point is movable relative to the axis. The focal point of the laser beam is positioned adjacent to at least one surface of the substrate. The first layer of the substrate is ablated with a laser beam. The focal point is moved relative to an axis corresponding to the depth of the substrate so that ablation of successive layers of the substrate can be performed to create holes in the substrate. However, the device still has obvious defects in the use process that 1, when WC-Co cemented carbide is subjected to laser ablation at present, a Co binding phase is quickly melted and vaporized to form steam bubbles, meanwhile, surface adsorption gas is involved in a molten pool to easily form air hole defects at an extremely high cooling rate, 2, the obvious difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the WC-Co phases generates huge thermal stress under a high temperature gradient to induce microcracks expanding along grain boundaries, and 3, the melt flow is unstable due to marangoni convection and recoil pressure in the molten pool, so that the geometric morphology is irregular. However, the above-mentioned devices mainly adopt a method for optimizing laser process parameters, which is essentially passive adaptation to energy input, and is difficult to interfere with complex heat transfer, mass transfer and fluid dynamic processes in the molten pool from physical mechanism, so that the effect of inhibiting defects is approaching to the limit, and in recent years, researchers try to introduce external auxiliary energy fields such as thermal fields or magnetic fields, but these methods are difficult and expensive to implement on such high-melting materials of cemented carbide, and have limited effect of inhibiting key defects such as splashing and microcracks. Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art for an innovative method that can actively interfere with the bath dynamics process from the physical mechanism, fundamentally inhibit defect generation, and is easy to integrate and implement and cost-controllable. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a micro-texture preparation device and method for inhibiting hard alloy ablation defects by laser-ultrasonic combination, so as to solve the problems in the background technology. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A micro-texture preparation device for inhibiting hard alloy ablation defects by laser-ultrasonic composite is applied to the ablation preparation of WC-Co hard alloy, and comprises the following components: the ultrasonic vibration coupling device is used for assembling the hard alloy workpiece and coupling ultrasonic vibration energy to the hard alloy workpiece; the laser ablation device is used for scanning and ablating the surface of the hard alloy workpiece to form a micro-texture; The ultrasonic vibration coupling device comprises an ultrasonic transducer and a coupling clamp, wherein the coupling clamp is used for rigidly clamping the hard alloy workpiece and enabling the hard alloy workpiece to form rigid or coupling contact with the output end of the ultrasonic transducer so as to synchronously transmit ultrasonic vibration to the hard alloy workpiece; The laser ablation device comprises a nanosecond pulse laser and a focusing optical lens, wherein the nanosecond pulse laser outputs nanosecond pulse laser, and finally the focusing optical lens focuses the laser beam on the surface of the hard alloy workpiece to form a light spo