CN-122007639-A - Laser milling device and method for diamond aluminum-based composite material

CN122007639ACN 122007639 ACN122007639 ACN 122007639ACN-122007639-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser milling device and a method for diamond aluminum-based composite materials, which relate to the technical field of laser milling, wherein the laser milling device comprises a workpiece placing table, a laser coherent detection device for identifying a workpiece, a feedback analysis device electrically connected with the laser coherent detection device, a control system electrically connected with the feedback analysis device, and a dual-mode laser electrically connected with the control system, the dual-mode laser is used for receiving a control signal of the control system, the control system controls the dual-mode laser to switch a corresponding laser mode aiming at the material of the workpiece, the problem of selective processing is thoroughly solved through a coordinated removal mechanism of a dual-mode laser technology, and a high-quality processing surface with a flat surface and uniform tissue is obtained, so that high-quality, high-precision and intelligent laser milling of the diamond/aluminum-based composite material is realized.

Inventors

MI GAOYANG
MENG ZHENYING
HUA ZHIJIA
MA XIUQUAN

Assignees

华中科技大学

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260305

Claims (10)

1. The laser milling device for the diamond aluminum-based composite material is characterized by comprising a workpiece placing table, a laser coherent detection device for identifying a workpiece, a feedback analysis device electrically connected with the laser coherent detection device, a control system electrically connected with the feedback analysis device, and a dual-mode laser electrically connected with the control system, wherein the dual-mode laser is used for receiving a control signal of the control system, and the control system controls the dual-mode laser to switch a corresponding laser mode aiming at the material of the workpiece.
2. The laser milling device of claim 1, wherein the laser coherence detection device comprises a monochromatic laser, a first beam splitter for receiving a laser beam emitted by the monochromatic laser, a focusing lens connected to an optical outlet on one side of the first beam splitter, a collecting lens system for collecting a reflected beam of the workpiece, a coherence signal collection and analysis system connected to the collecting lens system and the optical outlet on the other side of the first beam splitter, and a scanning motor for driving the focusing lens and the collecting lens system to move, wherein the coherence signal collection and analysis system is electrically connected to the feedback analysis device.
3. The laser milling device of the diamond aluminum-based composite material according to claim 2, wherein the first beam splitter is connected with the coherent signal acquisition and analysis system sequentially through a second beam splitter and a first optical fiber coupler, the collecting lens system is connected with the coherent signal acquisition and analysis system sequentially through a third beam splitter and a second optical fiber coupler, and the first optical fiber coupler and the second optical fiber coupler are respectively connected with the third beam splitter and the second beam splitter.
4. The laser milling device of the diamond aluminum-based composite material according to claim 3, wherein a reflector and a frequency modulator are sequentially arranged between the first beam splitter and the second beam splitter.
5. The laser milling device of claim 1, wherein the dual mode laser is configured to generate an ultraviolet pulsed laser and a mid-infrared continuous laser.
6. The laser milling device of claim 1, wherein the dual mode laser is disposed above the workpiece placement stage, and a drive motor for driving the dual mode laser to move is disposed on the dual mode laser.
7. A laser milling method for diamond aluminum-based composite materials, which is applied to the laser milling device for the diamond aluminum-based composite materials according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps: starting the laser coherent detection device to scan the surface of the workpiece; starting the dual-mode laser, the feedback analysis device and the control system to execute coordinated milling operation; And the control system adjusts the laser processing parameters of the dual-mode laser according to the material distribution information fed back in real time by the feedback analysis device until the milling operation is completed.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein prior to scanning, setting basic laser milling process parameters based on characteristics of the workpiece.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the base laser milling process parameters include laser wavelength, laser power, scan speed, laser focal length, pulse width, wavelength, pulse energy, peak power, spot diameter, frequency, and energy density.
10. The laser milling method of diamond aluminum matrix composite according to claim 7, wherein in the process of scanning the surface of the workpiece, the horizontal overlapping of pulses on the same scanning line and the vertical overlapping of pulses between adjacent scanning lines are set to be 50% to 80% of the diameter of a laser spot, and the distance between the scanning lines refers to the distance between the central lines of two adjacent scanning lines and is set to be 60% to 80% of the diameter of the laser spot.

Description

Laser milling device and method for diamond aluminum-based composite material Technical Field The invention relates to the technical field of laser milling, in particular to a laser milling device and method for a diamond aluminum-based composite material. Background The diamond/aluminum-based composite material has a plurality of difficulties in mechanical processing, and due to the existence of hard and brittle particle reinforced phases, the diamond/aluminum-based composite material has the problems of serious cutter abrasion, low processing precision, poor surface quality and the like in the cutting processing, and the discrete distribution of reinforced particles in an aluminum matrix can generate alternating cutting force, so that the phenomenon of uneven stress distribution on the processing surface is easier to occur, residual stress is generated, the stability and the fatigue life of parts are seriously influenced, and the wide application of the diamond/aluminum-based composite material is hindered. The laser milling is used as a non-contact processing method, so that the problem of cutter abrasion can be effectively avoided, the influence of mechanical stress on the material is reduced, and the method is suitable for processing the composite material containing the hard reinforcing phase. In addition, the high precision and good controllability of laser processing make it particularly advantageous in the field of precision processing of composite materials. The laser milling uses a laser beam with high energy density to irradiate a workpiece to be processed, and removes materials through the thermal and photochemical actions of the laser beam, so that the problems can be well avoided. However, there are significant differences in absorption characteristics and thermal expansion coefficients of diamond and aluminum alloys for laser light. Diamond has very low absorptivity to laser in visible and near infrared bands and excellent optical transparency, while aluminum alloy has high reflectivity but still has certain laser absorption capacity at specific wavelengths. During the laser-material interaction process, since diamond requires a higher energy density to achieve effective removal, and aluminum is relatively easily laser machined, this large difference in optical properties results in the typical "selective machining" phenomenon of diamond/aluminum matrix composite materials under the same laser parameters—excessive melting of the aluminum matrix, while diamond particles are hardly affected, and the final machined surface exhibits severe inter-phase height differences and "annular dishing" defects. The existing laser milling technology adopts technological parameters of single wavelength and fixed power density, and cannot consider the optimal processing condition of the two-phase material. How to realize the coordinated removal of diamond and aluminum alloy and obtain a milling product with a smooth processing surface and uniform material structure becomes a problem to be solved in laser milling of diamond/aluminum-based composite materials. Therefore, development and design of a laser milling device and a laser milling method for a diamond aluminum-based composite material are needed, distribution conditions of diamond and aluminum alloy are monitored in real time in the milling process, and coordinated removal of the diamond and the aluminum alloy is achieved by adopting proper means, so that the improvement of machining precision is a technical problem which needs to be solved by those skilled in the art at present. Disclosure of Invention In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a laser milling device and a laser milling method for a diamond aluminum-based composite material, which are used for realizing the precise milling processing of heterogeneous dual-phase materials by integrating ultraviolet pulse laser (aiming at the high energy density requirement of diamond) and mid-infrared continuous laser (aiming at the mild melting requirement of an aluminum matrix), establishing a real-time identification and distribution monitoring system of material phases by utilizing a laser coherent detection technology, realizing the real-time optimization of technological parameters by establishing a dynamic mapping relation of the material phases and laser parameters, thoroughly solving the problem of selective processing by a coordinated removal mechanism of a dual-mode laser technology, and obtaining a high-quality processing surface with smooth surface and uniform tissue, thereby realizing the high-quality, high-precision and intelligent laser milling of the diamond/aluminum-based composite material. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: The utility model provides a diamond aluminum matrix composite laser milling device, includes that work piece places the platform, carries out the laser coherent detection device of discernment