CN-122007674-A - Precise punching device and punching method for rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface

CN122007674ACN 122007674 ACN122007674 ACN 122007674ACN-122007674-A

Abstract

The invention provides a precise punching device and a punching method for a rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface, wherein the precise punching device comprises a translation sliding seat, a swinging shaft, a swinging rod, a rotating shaft, a fixing frame, a lifting shaft and a laser; the translation sliding seat can be horizontally and slidably arranged, the first end of the swing rod is arranged on the translation sliding seat in a swinging way through a swinging shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged at the second end of the swing rod, and the central axis of the rotating shaft is perpendicular to the central axis of the swinging shaft; the laser is arranged at the tail end of the lifting shaft so as to correspond to the workpiece on the fixing frame. The four movable parts are matched, so that the point to be processed can be precisely moved to the laser focus position, and the tangential plane of the point is perpendicular to the laser axis, thereby ensuring the processing quality of the hole.

Inventors

JIA FUQIANG
LI WEIWEI
QIU GUOXIONG

Assignees

南光高科（厦门）激光科技有限公司

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20241112

Claims (8)

1. A rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface precise punching device is characterized by comprising a translation sliding seat, a swinging shaft, a swinging rod, a rotating shaft, a fixing frame, a lifting shaft and a laser, wherein the translation sliding seat can be horizontally arranged in a sliding mode, a first end of the swinging rod is arranged on the translation sliding seat in a swinging mode through the swinging shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged at a second end of the swinging rod, a central axis of the rotating shaft is perpendicular to a central axis of the swinging shaft, the fixing frame is arranged on the rotating shaft to fix a workpiece, the lifting shaft can be arranged in a lifting mode and is located above the fixing frame, and the laser is arranged at the tail end of the lifting shaft to correspond to the workpiece on the fixing frame.
2. A precise punching method for a rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface is used for punching the rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface of a workpiece and is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, providing the rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface precise punching device of claim 1, fixing a workpiece on the fixing frame, and enabling the central axis of the workpiece to be coaxial with the central axis of the rotating shaft; S2, defining an initial state, wherein the swing rod is positioned at a horizontal position of 0 DEG, a three-dimensional model of a workpiece is imported, the position coordinates of a processing point of a rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface of the workpiece are set to be { X1, X2, phi 1, phi 2} based on the initial state, wherein X1 represents the vertical distance from the processing point to the bottom surface of the workpiece on one side of a rotation shaft, X2 represents the vertical distance from the processing point to the central axis of the workpiece, phi 1 represents the included angle between a tangent line at the processing point and the central axis of the workpiece, phi 2 represents the included angle between the processing point and the vertical surface passing through the central axis of the workpiece on the cross section of the workpiece, and the laser is configured so that the laser focus is positioned on the central axis of the workpiece; S3, when a machining point on a cylindrical surface deviating from the rotating shaft is machined, the swing rod swings upwards to form phi 1, the rotating shaft rotates to form phi 2, the translation sliding seat translates by the compensation amount △ R=L-Lcos phi 1-X1 cos phi 1+X2sin phi 1, the rising movement amount of the lifting shaft is △ Z=Lsin phi 1+X1sin phi 1+X2sin phi 1, wherein L is the length from the central axis of the swing shaft to the bottom surface of a workpiece facing one side of the rotating shaft, so that the focus of the laser is aligned with the machining point; S4, when a machining point on a cylindrical surface facing the rotating shaft is machined, the swing rod swings downwards to form phi 1, the rotating shaft rotates to form phi 2, the translation sliding seat translates by the compensation amount △ R=L-Lcos phi 1-X1 cos phi 1+X2sin phi 1, the descending movement amount of the lifting shaft is △ Z=Lsin phi 1+X1sin phi 1+X2sin phi 1, wherein L is the length from the central axis of the swing shaft to the bottom surface of the workpiece facing one side of the rotating shaft, so that the focus of the laser is aligned to the machining point; Wherein S3 and S4 are not sequential or one of them is selected.
3. The precise punching method for the rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface according to claim 2 is characterized in that in the steps S3 and S4, the upward swing phi 1 of the swing rod is represented as +phi 1, the downward swing phi 1 of the swing rod is represented as-phi 1, the lifting-shaft lifting movement amount △ Z is represented as +delta Z, the lifting-shaft descending movement amount △ Z is represented as-delta Z, the translational sliding seat translational compensation amount △ R in the laser direction is represented as +delta R, and the translational sliding seat translational compensation amount △ R in the direction away from the laser is represented as-delta R.
4. The method for precisely punching the rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface according to claim 3, further comprising the step S5, wherein when continuous point machining is performed on the basis of S3 and/or S4, the swinging angle of the swinging rod is phi 1B-phi 1A, phi 1A is the phi 1 value of the previous machining point, phi 1B is the phi 1 value of the next machining point, the rotation angle of the rotating shaft is phi 2B-phi 2A, phi 2A is the phi 2 value of the previous machining point, phi 2B is the phi 2 value of the next machining point, the translation sliding seat translation compensation amount is △ RB-DeltaRA, deltaRA is the △ R value of the previous machining point, deltaRB is the △ R value of the next machining point, the lifting compensation amount of the lifting shaft is △ ZB-ΔZA, △ DeltaZ value of the previous machining point, and DeltaZA is the △ Z value of the next machining point.
5. The method for precisely punching the rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface according to claim 2, wherein the laser is a nanosecond laser, a picosecond laser or a femtosecond laser.
6. The method for precisely punching the rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface according to claim 2, wherein the fixing frame is a clamping frame.
7. The method for precisely punching the rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface according to claim 2, wherein the rotation shaft is of a unidirectional rotation structure.
8. The method for precisely punching the rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface according to claim 2, wherein the hole machined by the laser on the machining point is a blind hole or a through hole.

Description

Precise punching device and punching method for rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface Technical Field The invention relates to the field of laser drilling, in particular to a precise drilling device and a drilling method for a rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface. Background In the field of medical processing, laser is used for processing micropore arrays on the surface of a workpiece to mark information and change the adsorption characteristics of the surface of the workpiece, and in the field of aeronautical processing, laser is used for processing micropores on the surface of the workpiece to increase the surface area and improve the heat dissipation performance of the workpiece. To ensure the quality of the micro-holes, the machining point is required to be at the laser focus, and the laser is vertical to the machining surface. When the surface of the workpiece is a rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface (namely, the cylindrical workpiece is in a rotary structure, and the cylindrical surface is a curved surface with bending or bending), even if the workpiece is fixed by adopting a three-dimensional bracket, the machining points on the cylindrical surface can hardly meet the two conditions. Disclosure of Invention Therefore, the invention provides a precise punching device and a punching method for a rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface to solve the problems. In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: The rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface precise punching device comprises a translation sliding seat, a swinging shaft, a swinging rod, a rotating shaft, a fixing frame, a lifting shaft and a laser, wherein the translation sliding seat can be horizontally and slidably arranged, a first end of the swinging rod is arranged on the translation sliding seat in a swinging mode through the swinging shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably arranged at a second end of the swinging rod, a central axis of the rotating shaft is perpendicular to a central axis of the swinging shaft, the fixing frame is arranged on the rotating shaft to fix a workpiece, the lifting shaft can be arranged in a lifting mode and is located above the fixing frame, and the laser is arranged at the tail end of the lifting shaft to correspond to the workpiece on the fixing frame. The precise punching method for the rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface is used for punching the rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface of the workpiece, and specifically comprises the following steps of: s1, providing the rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface precise punching device, fixing a workpiece on a fixing frame, and enabling the central axis of the workpiece to be coaxial with the central axis of a rotating shaft; S2, defining an initial state, wherein the swing rod is positioned at a horizontal position of 0 DEG, a three-dimensional model of a workpiece is imported, the position coordinates of a processing point of a rotary special-shaped cylindrical surface of the workpiece are set to be { X1, X2, phi 1, phi 2} based on the initial state, wherein X1 represents the vertical distance from the processing point to the bottom surface of the workpiece on one side of a rotation shaft, X2 represents the vertical distance from the processing point to the central axis of the workpiece, phi 1 represents the included angle between a tangent line at the processing point and the central axis of the workpiece, phi 2 represents the included angle between the processing point and the vertical surface passing through the central axis of the workpiece on the cross section of the workpiece, and the laser is configured so that the laser focus is positioned on the central axis of the workpiece; S3, when machining a machining point on a cylindrical surface deviating from the rotating shaft, the swing rod swings upwards by phi 1, the rotating shaft rotates by phi 2, the translation sliding seat translates by the compensation amount △ R=L-Lcos phi 1-X1 cos phi 1+X2sin phi 1, the rising movement amount of the lifting shaft is △ Z=Lsin phi 1+X1sin phi 1+X2sin phi 1, L is the length from the central axis of the swing shaft to the bottom surface of the workpiece facing one side of the rotating shaft, so that the focus of the laser is aligned with the machining point, and when the positions of all devices are switched in place, the laser starts to punch the machining point. In this step, since the workpiece is a solid of revolution, the workpiece is at another point on the same cross section as the current machining point, and the workpiece is rotated by the rotation shaft. S4, when a machining point on a cylindrical surface facing the rotating shaft is machined, the swing rod swings downwards to form phi 1, the rotating shaft rotates to form phi 2, the translation sliding seat translates by the compensation amount △ R=L-Lcos phi 1-X1 cos phi 1+X2sin phi 1, the descending movement amount of the li