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CN-122007675-A - Water immersion laser processing device and processing method based on negative pressure adsorption

CN122007675ACN 122007675 ACN122007675 ACN 122007675ACN-122007675-A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of underwater laser composite processing, in particular to a water immersion laser processing device and a processing method based on negative pressure adsorption, which effectively overcomes the defects of insufficient water film control precision and poor universality in the existing water immersion laser processing by integrating a negative pressure adsorption fixing and linkage compressing mechanism, the same negative pressure source is utilized to drive the pressing block to move downwards and adsorb and fix the workpiece, so that the self-adaptive compaction sealing of workpieces with different thicknesses is realized, and the stable, uniform and thickness-controllable thin water layer is formed on the surface of the workpiece. The integrated design not only remarkably improves the stability and controllability of water film formation, and provides continuous and reliable efficient cooling and chip removal environment for laser processing, thereby being capable of more effectively inhibiting a heat affected zone, reducing slag and deformation and finally greatly improving processing precision and surface quality, but also has compact structure, simple and convenient adjustment and enhanced adaptability to different working conditions and process consistency.

Inventors

  • XIA KAIBO
  • ZHENG SHANFENG
  • REN NAIFEI

Assignees

  • 无锡太湖学院
  • 江苏大学

Dates

Publication Date
20260512
Application Date
20251216

Claims (10)

  1. 1. The water immersion laser processing device based on negative pressure adsorption is characterized by comprising a bearing block (14), wherein a workpiece (13) is arranged at the top end of the bearing block (14), baffles (12) are arranged on two opposite sides of the workpiece (13), the baffles (12) are fixedly connected with the bearing block (14), a water flow groove (21) for water to pass through is arranged in the bearing block (14), a flow passage inlet (22) is formed in the side wall of the water flow groove (21), the flow passage inlet (22) is communicated with a flow passage outlet (23), the flow passage outlet (23) is formed in one side, close to the workpiece (13), of the baffle (12), and the flow passage outlet (23) is positioned above the workpiece (13); The vacuum chuck is characterized in that a vacuum chuck mechanism used for fixing the workpiece (13) is arranged in the bearing block (14), the vacuum chuck mechanism is communicated with a vacuum generating mechanism, two pressing blocks (2) are arranged above the bearing block (14), through grooves (24) are formed in the pressing blocks (2), the through grooves (24) are formed in the direction of the length of the pressing blocks (2), a distance is reserved between the through grooves (24) and the bottom surface of the pressing blocks (2), the pressing blocks (2) are located between the two baffles (12), two ends of the pressing blocks (2) are in sliding contact with the two baffles (12), the pressing blocks (2) are located at two ends of the baffles (12) respectively, the pressing blocks (2) are arranged at movable ends of a displacement mechanism, and the displacement mechanism is driven by the vacuum chuck mechanism to drive the pressing blocks (2) to move downwards.
  2. 2. The water immersion laser processing device based on negative pressure adsorption according to claim 1, wherein the negative pressure generating mechanism comprises a negative pressure shell (6), the negative pressure shell (6) is arranged below the bearing block (14), a negative pressure cavity is formed in the negative pressure shell (6), the negative pressure cavity is communicated with a negative pressure pump (8), and the negative pressure adsorption mechanism is communicated with the negative pressure cavity.
  3. 3. The water immersion laser processing device based on negative pressure adsorption according to claim 2, wherein the negative pressure adsorption mechanism comprises a plurality of vertically arranged through holes (10), the through holes (10) are formed in the bearing blocks (14) and are respectively positioned at four corners of the bearing blocks (14), suction pipes (4) are arranged in the through holes (10) in a penetrating mode, the top ends of the suction pipes (4) are in contact with the workpiece (13), and the bottom ends of the suction pipes (4) are communicated with the negative pressure cavity.
  4. 4. The water immersion laser processing device based on negative pressure adsorption according to claim 2, wherein the displacement mechanism comprises a U-shaped frame (5), an opening of the U-shaped frame (5) is downwards arranged, the pressing block (2) is connected to the upper portion of the U-shaped frame (5), two ends of the U-shaped frame (5) are fixedly connected with sliding blocks (19) respectively, the sliding blocks (19) are vertically and slidably connected in a sliding pipe (17), and the sliding pipe (17) is communicated with the negative pressure cavity.
  5. 5. The device for processing water immersion laser based on negative pressure adsorption according to claim 4, wherein the bottom end of the sliding block (19) is abutted with a spring (18), and the bottom end of the spring (18) is abutted with the bottom end of the sliding tube (17).
  6. 6. The water immersion laser processing device based on negative pressure adsorption of claim 4, wherein the U-shaped frame (5) is horizontally connected with the sleeve (1) in a sliding manner, and the pressing block (2) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the sleeve (1).
  7. 7. The water immersion laser processing device based on negative pressure adsorption according to claim 2, wherein a stop block (16) is fixedly connected in the negative pressure shell (6), a communication hole (20) is formed in the stop block (16), the bottom end of the communication hole (20) penetrates out of the negative pressure shell (6) and is communicated with a water outlet of a water pump (7), the water pump (7) is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the negative pressure shell (6), and the top end of the communication hole (20) penetrates into the bearing block (14) and is communicated with the water flowing groove (21).
  8. 8. The water immersion laser processing device based on negative pressure adsorption according to claim 1, wherein the bearing block (14) is arranged in the box body (3), and an overflow groove (11) is arranged between the bearing block (14) and the box body (3).
  9. 9. The water immersion laser processing device based on negative pressure adsorption according to claim 8, wherein a water outlet pipe (9) is communicated with the side wall of the box body (3), and the water outlet pipe (9) is communicated with the water inlet of the water pump (7).
  10. 10. A processing method of a water immersion laser processing device based on negative pressure adsorption, based on the water immersion laser processing device based on negative pressure adsorption of any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps: placing the workpiece (13) on the top end of the bearing block (14) and between the two baffles (12), starting a negative pressure generating mechanism, adsorbing the workpiece on the top surface of the bearing block (14) by the negative pressure generating mechanism, driving the pressing block (2) to move downwards and press the top surface of the workpiece (13), supplying water into the water flow groove (21), enabling water flow to enter from the flow channel inlet (22) and flow out from the flow channel outlet (23), forming a water film on the top surface of the workpiece (13), punching a penetrating machining hole on the set position of the workpiece (13) by the laser punching device, closing the laser punching device, cooling the workpiece, stopping the negative pressure generating mechanism, stopping water supply, and taking down the workpiece (13).

Description

Water immersion laser processing device and processing method based on negative pressure adsorption Technical Field The invention belongs to the technical field of underwater laser composite processing, and particularly relates to a water immersion laser processing device and a processing method based on negative pressure adsorption. Background The water immersed laser processing technology is a new type of technology for improving processing quality by using water medium. The core principle is that when laser acts on a workpiece, a layer of aqueous medium is formed or maintained at a processing point. The water can efficiently absorb and take away heat generated in the processing process, thereby obviously inhibiting a heat affected zone, reducing slag and thermal deformation, and finally achieving the purposes of improving the processing precision and improving the quality of the hole wall and the cutting surface. According to the action mode of the water layer, the technology is mainly divided into two modes of full water immersion and half water immersion. The whole workpiece is immersed in water by the full water immersion type processing, and the stable and uniform wrapped water layer is utilized to realize the full-directional strong cooling, so that the full-water immersion type processing method is particularly suitable for high-precision micropore processing which is extremely sensitive to heat input. While semi-water immersion typically creates localized, thinner films or streams of water on the surface of the workpiece, focusing on the auxiliary cooling and chip removal of specific machining areas. However, the prior art has obvious disadvantages in the refinement of water film formation and control. The current mainstream implementation mode relies on an overflow system with a simple structure, namely, a fixed container is continuously filled with water, so that the fixed container floods a workpiece and overflows naturally, and a flowing water film is formed on the surface. The device is limited by a fixed physical structure and a supporting mode, has poor universality, and can not meet the processing requirement when the thickness of a processed workpiece changes. Disclosure of Invention The invention aims to provide a water immersion laser processing device and a processing method based on negative pressure adsorption, so as to solve the problems. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: The water immersion laser processing device based on negative pressure adsorption comprises a bearing block, wherein a workpiece is arranged at the top end of the bearing block, baffles are arranged on two opposite sides of the workpiece, the baffles are fixedly connected with the bearing block, a water flow channel for water flow to pass through is arranged in the bearing block, a flow channel inlet is formed in the side wall of the water flow channel, the flow channel inlet is communicated with a flow channel outlet, the flow channel outlet is formed in one side, close to the workpiece, of the baffle, and the flow channel outlet is positioned above the workpiece; The device is characterized in that a negative pressure adsorption mechanism used for fixing the workpiece is arranged in the bearing block, the negative pressure adsorption mechanism is communicated with a negative pressure generating mechanism, two pressing blocks are arranged above the bearing block, through grooves are formed in the pressing blocks, the through grooves are formed in the direction of the length of the pressing blocks, a distance is reserved between the through grooves and the bottom surfaces of the pressing blocks, the pressing blocks are located between the baffle plates, the two ends of the pressing blocks are in sliding contact with the baffle plates, the pressing blocks are located at the two ends of the baffle plates respectively, the pressing blocks are arranged at the movable ends of a displacement mechanism, and the displacement mechanism is driven by the negative pressure generating mechanism to drive the pressing blocks to move downwards. In the water immersion laser processing device based on negative pressure adsorption, the negative pressure generating mechanism comprises a negative pressure shell, the negative pressure shell is arranged below the bearing block, a negative pressure cavity is formed in the negative pressure shell, the negative pressure cavity is communicated with a negative pressure pump, and the negative pressure adsorption mechanism is communicated with the negative pressure cavity. In the water immersion laser processing device based on negative pressure adsorption, the negative pressure adsorption mechanism comprises a plurality of vertically arranged through holes, the through holes Kong Kaishe are arranged on the bearing block and are respectively positioned at four corners of the bearing block, suction pipes penetrate through the through ho