CN-122007785-A - Self-adaptive clamping device and method for welding combustion chamber shell

CN122007785ACN 122007785 ACN122007785 ACN 122007785ACN-122007785-A

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive clamping device and method for welding a combustion chamber shell, and belongs to the technical field of high-energy beam welding. The device comprises a shell fixing assembly, a rotating assembly, a self-centering assembly and a clamping size control assembly. The casing fixed component is the base of the whole clamping device, the rotating component is arranged on the casing fixed component, and the automatic centering component is arranged on the casing fixed component and the rotating component. The invention is used for realizing the assembly of parts before welding of the combustion chamber shell, can be adapted to parts to be welded with different sizes, greatly reduces the number of tools required by the welding assembly of multiple types, reduces the material cost of the tool processing, and can further improve the assembly efficiency by a simple assembly method.

Inventors

MA LI
XU JIE
YAN TINGYAN
SONG XIAOJIAO
GAO JIAN
ZHAO YIDONG
LI RUI
ZHU LIJIAN
WANG JUNXI
JIANG FUWEN

Assignees

上海航天化工应用研究所

Dates

Publication Date: 20260512
Application Date: 20260319

Claims (10)

1. The self-adaptive clamping device for welding the combustion chamber shell is characterized by comprising a shell fixing assembly, a rotating assembly, an automatic centering assembly and a clamping size control assembly; the shell fixing component is of a circular plate structure, a central through hole is formed in the center of the upper surface, an annular groove taking the central through hole as the center of a circle is formed in the outer side of the central through hole, N bearing groups are uniformly distributed on the annular groove, annular tracks are formed in the connecting areas on two sides of the bearing groups, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3; The clamping size control assembly comprises a handle and a transmission piece, one end of the transmission piece is connected with the handle, and the other end of the transmission piece is connected with the upper surface of the rotating assembly; The rotary assembly is of an annular structure, the upper surface of the rotary assembly is provided with N through holes, the lower surface of the rotary assembly is fixedly provided with N guide rails, and each guide rail is placed on one annular track; the automatic centering assembly comprises N rotary rockers and N guide sleeves, wherein each guide sleeve is respectively connected with one through hole of the rotary assembly in a shaft mode, each rotary rocker is sleeved in one guide sleeve, one end of each rotary rocker is a rotary end, the other end of each rotary rocker is a clamping end, the rotary ends are connected to one axial blind hole of the shell fixing assembly, and the clamping ends of all the rotary rockers form an inscribed circle and are used for fixing a to-be-welded combustion chamber shell.
2. The combustion chamber shell welding self-adaptive clamping device according to claim 1, wherein the transmission piece comprises a gear, a transmission shaft, a rack-like bar and a bearing; the transmission shaft is fixed on the shell fixing component; The gear is arranged on the transmission shaft and is connected with the handle through a bearing; The similar rack is fixed on the upper surface of the rotating assembly and positioned between the two through holes of the rotating assembly, and is meshed with the gear; The handle is rotated to drive the gear to rotate, the similar rack drives the rotating assembly to rotate around the central through hole of the shell fixing assembly along with the rotation of the gear, each guide sleeve installed on the rotating assembly moves along with the rotating assembly, all rotating ends of the rotating rocking bars move around the joint of the rotating ends of the rotating rocking bars and the shell fixing assembly respectively, and inscribed circles formed by the clamping ends shrink or expand to clamp the shell of the combustion chamber to be welded.
3. The self-adaptive clamping device for welding the combustion chamber shell according to claim 2, wherein the similar racks and the rotating assembly are integrally machined and distributed between the two rotating rockers, and the corresponding angle of the distributed arc length is 30-40 degrees.
4. The combustor casing welding self-adaptive clamping device of claim 2, wherein the radial width of the rack-like bar is smaller than the width of the rotating assembly, and does not interfere with the movement of the rotating rocker.
5. The self-adaptive clamping device for welding the combustor casing according to claim 2, wherein the clamping size control assembly is further provided with a spring retainer ring, and the spring retainer ring is arranged at the positions, close to the end faces, of the two ends of the transmission shaft and used for limiting the axial movement of the bearing and the transmission shaft.
6. The self-adaptive clamping device for welding the combustion chamber shell according to claim 2, wherein the handle rotates clockwise and anticlockwise, limits are arranged in two directions, and the positions of the limits correspond to the maximum position or the minimum position of an inscribed circle formed by the clamping ends of the rotary rockers.
7. The self-adaptive clamping device for welding the combustor shell according to claim 1, wherein V-shaped bosses are arranged on two sides of the bearing group on the annular groove, the outer circumferential surface of the bearing group and the adjacent V-shaped bosses form an annular track together, the guide rail is of a central symmetrical dovetail structure, and the guide rail is in rolling connection with the annular track.
8. The self-adaptive clamping device for welding the shell of the combustion chamber according to claim 1, wherein the shell fixing assembly is provided with a plurality of vent holes in the annular groove, so that the vacuum pumping is facilitated for electron beam welding, and the weight reduction effect is achieved.
9. A method of assembling a combustor casing prior to welding, employing a combustor casing welding self-adaptive clamping apparatus as defined in claim 2, comprising: placing a front joint, a spinning cylinder and a rear joint which form a to-be-welded combustion chamber shell on an assembly platform, and pre-connecting adjacent parts by using a counterpoint ring to realize butt joint of to-be-welded positions; after passing through the axis of the to-be-welded combustion chamber shell, the two ends of the connecting core rod respectively pass through the central through hole of the shell fixing component on the self-adaptive clamping device, and the end parts of the connecting core rod are pre-connected by adopting nuts; each self-adaptive clamping device is respectively subjected to the following clamping and automatic centering operations: When the rotating assembly rotates, all the guide sleeves are driven to move together, the guide sleeves move to enable the rotating end of the rotating rocker to simultaneously move around the joint of the rotating rocker and the shell fixing assembly, and the clamping end simultaneously contracts or expands, so that the periphery of a part to be welded is clamped; And (5) tightening nuts connected with the two ends of the core rod, and axially tensioning the shell of the combustion chamber to be welded to finish the installation.
10. The assembly method before welding of the combustion chamber shell according to claim 9, wherein the connecting core rod is of a spliced length-adjustable structure, threads are arranged at two ends of the connecting core rod, the alignment ring is of a two-half structure, and an inner hole is consistent with the outer diameter of the section of the connected combustion chamber shell to be welded and is used for controlling the assembly precision of the position to be welded.

Description

Self-adaptive clamping device and method for welding combustion chamber shell Technical Field The invention relates to a self-adaptive clamping device and method for welding a combustion chamber shell, and belongs to the technical field of high-energy beam welding. Background The combustion chamber shell is a key component part of the combustion chamber of the solid rocket engine, mainly plays important roles of high-pressure environment resistance, fuel pouring space provision, front and rear cabin section connection and the like, and is generally provided with a plurality of annular welding seams, the circle centers of the annular welding seams are positioned on the same straight line and are not concentrically arranged, and for the solid rocket engine, the use performance and the safety performance of the solid rocket engine are directly determined by the advantages and disadvantages of the combustion chamber shell. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical combustion chamber shell structure, two ends are respectively provided with a front joint 1 and a rear joint 3, the middle part is a cylinder body 2 processed by spinning, and the part connection of each part adopts laser welding or electron beam welding for splice welding. The weld between the parts is called a girth weld. In the welding process of the combustion chamber shell, the welding edges of parts are required to be reliably fixed and accurately aligned, gaps cannot exist between the joint and the cylinder body, and the phenomena of edge staggering and the like do not occur in the welding process, so that the welding and clamping are difficult. The existing clamping method is matched with different clamping tools according to different connector interface sizes, adopts a clamping mode of 1 to 1, and has the defects of low applicability and low raw material utilization rate. Disclosure of Invention The invention solves the technical problems of overcoming the defects of the prior art, and provides a self-adaptive clamping device and method for welding a combustion chamber shell, which can simultaneously meet the clamping requirement of welding of various joint interface sizes, reduce the raw material loss caused by repeated tool design and improve the welding clamping efficiency. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a self-adaptive clamping device for welding a combustion chamber shell comprises a shell fixing assembly, a rotating assembly, an automatic centering assembly and a clamping size control assembly; the shell fixing component is of a circular plate structure, a central through hole is formed in the center of the upper surface, an annular groove taking the central through hole as the center of a circle is formed in the outer side of the central through hole, N bearing groups are uniformly distributed on the annular groove, annular tracks are formed in the connecting areas on two sides of the bearing groups, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3; The clamping size control assembly comprises a handle and a transmission piece, one end of the transmission piece is connected with the handle, and the other end of the transmission piece is connected with the upper surface of the rotating assembly; The rotary assembly is of an annular structure, the upper surface of the rotary assembly is provided with N through holes, the lower surface of the rotary assembly is fixedly provided with N guide rails, and each guide rail is placed on one annular track; the automatic centering assembly comprises N rotary rockers and N guide sleeves, wherein each guide sleeve is respectively connected with one through hole of the rotary assembly in a shaft mode, each rotary rocker is sleeved in one guide sleeve, one end of each rotary rocker is a rotary end, the other end of each rotary rocker is a clamping end, the rotary ends are connected to one axial blind hole of the shell fixing assembly, and the clamping ends of all the rotary rockers form an inscribed circle and are used for fixing a to-be-welded combustion chamber shell. Further, the transmission piece comprises a gear, a transmission shaft, a rack-like bar and a bearing; the transmission shaft is fixed on the shell fixing component; The gear is arranged on the transmission shaft and is connected with the handle through a bearing; The similar rack is fixed on the upper surface of the rotating assembly and positioned between the two through holes of the rotating assembly, and is meshed with the gear; The handle is rotated to drive the gear to rotate, the similar rack drives the rotating assembly to rotate around the central through hole of the shell fixing assembly along with the rotation of the gear, each guide sleeve installed on the rotating assembly moves along with the rotating assembly, all rotating ends of the rotating rocking bars move around the joint of the rotating ends of the rotating rocking bars and the shell fixing assembly respectively, and inscribed circles